Chinese food is divided into four big cuisines sichuan, guangdong, shandong, jiangsu, and dozens of branch of major cuisine, there are thousands of different flavors, each branch work different famous manufacturer, food culture is means all the world, impressive.
Beijing capital, brought together the national cuisine, is to eat what you crave. Not only that, in recent years in Beijing's western cuisine also in Kyoto, French food, Russian western food, Italian food, American fast food, has become Beijing on-off taste delicious. Since long, however, came to Beijing, you have to taste the first genuine Beijing cuisine. Kyoto today, it is the delicacy of the foreign administrative, even all over the country, people can enjoy almost any kind of cuisines of China all over the world the best flavor, so, for the guests to Beijing today, seize the opportunity, and are indeed very lucky.
Beijing roast duck is regarded as "world a delicious", also is the representative work of Beijing flavor. One of the best places to eat roast duck, when Beijing front door, the peace arch, wangfujing quanjude roast duck restaurant. The shop was founded 130 years ago, if from the ancestor of roast duck restaurant Yang Ren operating ducks, that is going to push for 30 years.
Palace cuisine is one of the pillars of the Beijing cuisine, reflect the historical characteristics of Beijing 800 for all, a real blue blood. Today, imperial dishes into folk already, although strictly keeping his aristocratic demeanor. Because of Beijing winter cold, hot pot is from Beijing's pet on the table. Flavor snack is a feature in Beijing, as a result of destinations ethnic characteristics snacks, breed is very rich.
The street there are many snack bar, night market and the free market also have snacks stalls, in the Spring Festival, temple fair, flowers at the meeting - always the most attractive places. At present, can eat snacks in Beijing have a cake, soy milk, rice cakes, Fried cake, soybean curd, tea soup, roast sweet potato, wonton, baked wheat cake, etc.
Beijing is the birthplace of Chinese Civilization and one of the six ancient capital cities in China. During the last 3000 years it served as a capital for several dynasties. It is the second largest city in China with a population of more than 11 million. Beijing is neither cold in winter nor very hot in summer. The best seasons in Beijing are Spring and Autumn. Beijing is indeed an ideal place to visit all round the year.
Temple of Heaven in the southern part of Beijing is China`s largest existing complex of ancient sacrificial buildings. Occupying an area of 273 hectares, it is three times the area of the Forbidden City. It was built in 1420 for emperors to worship Heaven. The principle buildings include the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests, Imperial Vault of Heaven and Circular Mound Altar.
Forbidden City, so called because it was off limits to commoners for 500 years, is the largest and best-preserved cluster of ancient buildings in China. It was home to two dynasties of emperors -the Ming and the Qing - who didnt stray from this pleasure dome unless they absolutely had to.
Great Wall of China, Also know n to the Chinese as the 10,000 Li Wall, the Great Wall of China stretches from Shanhaiguan Pass on the east coast to Jiayuguan Pass in the Gobi Desert. Standard histories emphasize the unity of the wall.
he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.
Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent
Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, ver, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.
The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.
There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.
The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).
The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.
The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.
The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.
The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.
The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.
On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.
Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.
Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.
Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.
Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at r the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.
Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.
The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of r he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.
Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.
Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.
The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.
Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.
Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.
According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.
The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.
The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.
In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.
Beijing botanical garden is a collection of science, scientific research,travel and other functions in one comprehensive botanical garden, nationalemphasis construction is one of the botanical garden.
The Beijing Botanic Garden in Haidian District Fragrant Hill Park and theYuquan mountains (West hills near Wat Chayamangkalaram), approved by the StateCouncil in 1956, is a collection of scientific research, plant plant knowledgepopularization, visit the rest, germplasm preservation and promotion, new plantsand other functions as one of the large-scale comprehensive botanical planning area of 400 hectares, is now completed and open for tours by theplant area of 200 hectares, exhibition areas, places of historic interest andscenic beauty, research areas and nature reserves. The introduction andcultivation of plants more than 10000 species (including varieties ) in 1500000strains of. Covers an area of 900 acres. Collection of plants more than 3000species, is currently China's largest botanical garden in North, is specializedin plant introduction and acclimatization of theoretical study and experimentalresearch base. The whole garden plant exhibition greenhouse as the center, atotal of 13 galleries, planted with more than 1500 kinds of tropical andsubtropical plants, including stone flower, a tree, dance orchid plant.
Beijing botanical garden by plant exhibition area, places of historicinterest and scenic beauty cultural landscape, natural protection area and areaof scientific research.
Plant exhibition area including ornamental plants area ( Park ), arboretum,bonsai garden, greenhouse flower district. Ornamental plants area from peonygarden, rose garden, green peach, lilac Institute, Begonia Park, bonsai garden,lily magnolia garden, a garden show ( bamboo ), perennial flowers, peony gardenand park is being developed in the garden, the park consists of 11; by pine andcypress, ginkgo trees Garden District Maple rose area, linden willow, MagnoliaBerberis zone and sycamore, ash area consists of Quercus acutissima area ofpaulownia. Places of historic interest and scenic beauty resort by WatChayamangkalaram, Cherry Valley, the Longjiao temple ruins, " December 9th "memorial Pavilion, the tomb of Liang Qichao village, Cao Xueqin Memorial introduction and cultivation of plants more than 56 lines, more than 5000,900000 square metre grassed. There are scientific research building, sciencemuseum. Wat Chayamangkalaram was built in the Tang Dynasty, is a nationalheritage conservation units, protecting and displaying the world rare YuanDynasty bronze Shakya Muni lying like Cherry Valley, dense forest, is in theplanning of nature reserve. Cao Xueqin Memorial Exhibition of Cao Xueqin's lifeand in the Western Hills. " A dream of Red Mansions " scene.
Beijing botanical garden is the Beijing Municipal Gardens Bureau designatedpriority of the new plant introduction, domestication, breeding base. TheBeijing botanical garden has begun to take shape, are playing a more and moreimportant social benefit and environmental benefit, more and more people'sfavorite.
20___ January Beijing botanical garden was named the first national AAAAgrade scenic spot, in 20___ March through the ISO9000 quality management systemand ISO14000 environmental management system certification and certified thefirst batch of fine park, 20___ in the capital of civilization industry madeoutstanding achievements appraisal. The garden is beautiful environment, goodorder, quality services and excellent culture to meet guests at home andabroad.
Beijing Botanical Garden ( referred to as South Park) with various plant3000 a variety of, visit the main point is the greenhouse exhibition area, thereare 13 pavilions, 1500 kinds of plants. The tropical plants accounted for 1000 avariety of, palm plants, tropical aquatic plants, succulents, Victoria roomroom, medicinal plant room, industrial raw materials plant, orchid plants,aromatic plants, tropical fruit and citrus plants. The arboretum occupies anarea of 70000 square meters, is China's rare silver fir trees, and SequoiaAmerica, Sri Lanka's Bodhi tree. There is also a special type of garden and thenational herbarium.
Beijing botanical garden exhibition greenhouse built in March 28, 1998January 1, 20___, began to receive visitors, the exhibition greenhouseconstruction area of 9800 square meters, covers an area of 5.5 hectares, is thelargest in Asia, the world 's largest single greenhouse area of exhibitiongreenhouse of Kunming World Expo, the area ratio of the greenhouse is twice asbig as the Chinese history of architecture, the big.
Greenhouse into tropical rainforest room, desert plant room, orchid,pineapple and carnivorous plant rooms and four seasons garden show, tropical,subtropical plants more than 3100 species, show perspective, strangulation,root, old cauliflorous, strange phenomenon. Exhibition greenhouse for plantscience education base, and protection of plant resources and scientificresearch are the main places. As the city of Beijing internationalization citylandmark works, the exhibition hall of the greenhouse is increasingly playing agreat social benefits.
The exhibition greenhouse of Beijing botanical garden is the 50 anniversaryof the founding of Beijing city to meet key project, botanical garden is locatedin the road on the west side, the building area of 17000 square meters, coversan area of 5.5 hectares, 260000000 yuan investment. Exhibition greenhousebuilding designed by the Beijing Architectural Design Research Institute isassumed, with " leaves to the root. " concept for the design theme, have greatoriginality to design the " roots " interwoven inclined glass ceiling, like aleaf falls in the foot of the West hills. Exhibition exhibition design byBeijing plant landscape design and Research Institute of ancient bition greenhouse underground foundation in 1998 3 at the end of the monthto start construction, the main steel structure and glass curtain wall will bein 1999 May completed, on 1 January 20___ open to the outside world. Exhibitiongreenhouse is divided into four main sections: the tropical rain forest, desertplant zone, four seasons garden and special plant room. Display plants 3100species more than 60000 lines, for the masses to provide rich and colorfulornamental plant landscape, learning scientific knowledge, have a higher gradeof tourist attractions. At the same time, it is the horticultural research andinternational exchanges. Exhibition greenhouse project won the Tenth NationalExcellent Project Design Gold Award, 20___ annual national high quality projectsilver medal, Beijing City tenth first prize of excellent design, " large-scaleexhibition greenhouse plant introduction and design of the scientific andtechnological progress in Beijing city " project won the two prize, was namedBeijing City ninety in the ten building.
Old Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing City,Eastern Haidian District. The original Qing Dynasty a large Royal River, coversan area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of350 hectares. Old Summer Palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built inthe Qing emperor Qian Long years, the original pavilions, terraces and openhalls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. It's land areaand the construction of the Imperial Palace, water area and is a the SummerPalace.
The history of Old Summer Palace, is composed of Old Summer Palace,Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden ( Wanchun Garden ). Three Park tightlyadjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. A total area of 5200 acres (350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the Summer Palace nearlyqianmu. It is feudal emperors in Qing Dynasty more than 150 years, by creatingand operating a large Royal palace. Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing EmperorDaoguang, Xianfeng, five, had been living in the Old Summer Palace leisurelyenjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to theForbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) as the political center of the country,was clear Dili special called " Royal park ".
Old Summer Palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor KangxiYin Zhen (later emperor Yong Zheng the garden ). Kangxi in forty-six years thatthe year 1707, park has begun to take shape. In November the same year, EmperorKangxi had at the Old Summer Palace tours. The emperor Yong Zheng ascended thethrone in 1723, expanding the original Grant Park, and in the South Parkbuilding be open and aboveboard Temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six,the value of real military department, to avoid the " Royal master ". In the 60year of the reign of emperor Qian Long, one day, old summer palace construction,repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. In addition to hisold summer palace built on local, alterations, and the East New Changchun Park,in the southeast of adjacent incorporated Qi spring garden. In the thirty-fiveyears to 1770 three, the Yuan Ming garden pattern is formed basically. Dynasty,mainly on Qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building,which became the main garden occupies the place of one. Daoguang Dynasty, statedeclines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from Chaenomeles,Xiangshan, Yuquan " hills", furnishings, Jehol and Magnolia summer hunting,still did not give up the three Park renovation and decoration.
Old Summer Palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of theRoyal Museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. Hugo once said: "even ifthe ( French ) all Notre Dame all the treasures together, the same can not belarge and magnificent Huang Museum comparable to the east. " The luxuriousfurnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. According to theOld Summer Palace seen Westerners description, " Park splendid brilliant scene,not to can trace the color so called, nor the Europeans can see ". " All kindsof valuable treasures, are accumulated in the Royal Cottage Hotel, numeroushouseholds. " The finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancientporcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, Zhijin silver brocade fabric,carpet, leather, gilded gold French clock, exquisite Old Summer Palace layout,gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of theplaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of Europeanlustrous and dazzling. Ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.
Old Summer Palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, thebeautiful scenery of the landscape. Flat mountain and water purification,landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. In the discontinuoushills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridgeembankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle,interest varied scenery group. The water park is about three 4/10 of the totalarea of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, bycircle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system ofrivers and lakes. Park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250,and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formedthe mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. Theentire landscape as Jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: Althoughpeople do, since the days of the wan.
Old Summer Palace embodies the ancient Chinese gardening art essence, wasthe most splendid large-scale landscape. The emperor Qian Long said: " it is YaoBao Kobold region, Emperor Yu tour, no more than this ". And gardens in theworld history of architecture also occupies an important position. Itspopularity to Europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". The famous Frenchwriter Hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrillinglonging, as the Moon Castle like building, Summer Palace ( the Old Summer Palace) is a building. " People often say : the Greek Parthenon temple in Egypt,Pyramid, Rome Coliseum, Oriental palace. "It is a matter of the incomparablemasterpiece as the acme of perfection ".
Old Summer Palace the world garden, to ten years Xianfeng, in 1860 October,by British and French troops barbarian raid burned down, become China's modernhistory of humiliation history page.
Now the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park, the site for the theme, forming asolid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination oftourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, itis a unique tourist destination. The tragedy of Old Summer Palace was destroyed,was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the Old Summer Palace,has become and will continue to make efforts to become the Chinese nation, thetestimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. With the introduction ofspecial planning, 20___ basically completed the Old Summer Palace Ruins Parkgoal has been clearly shown in front of us.
We firmly believe that a green Old Summer Palace will become a bright pearlof green Olympic Games; a basic integrity of the Old Summer Palace will become abright spot of humanistic olympics.
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:
My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.
The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.
In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).
In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.
In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.
Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.
(outside the East Palace Gate)
Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.
(Inside the East Palace Gate)
Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy , Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.
Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.
(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)
Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.
The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.
(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.
Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe ver, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.
(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)
We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.
Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)
We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ver, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese
gardening.
Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has e the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.
This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.
(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)
This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock” huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.
(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)
Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.
The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.
Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.
Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.
This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.
Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.
歡迎大家來到這裡，下面我來為大家介紹一下!
來北京觀光旅遊不能錯過具有北京特色的風味小吃和悠久歷史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鴨、涮羊肉、宮廷菜。
北京，中華人民共和國首都、中央直轄市、中國國家中心城市，中國政治、文化、教育和國際交流中心，同時是中國經濟金融的決策中心和管理中心。北京位於華北平原北端，東南與天津相連，其餘為河北省所環繞。北京有著3000餘年的建城史和850餘年的建都史，是“中國四大古都”之一，具有一定的國際影響力，其最早見於文獻的名稱為“薊”。
北京薈萃了自元明清以來的中華文化，擁有眾多名勝古蹟和人文景觀，是全球擁有世界文化遺產最多的城市。北京也為華北地區降雨最多的地區之一。歷史悠久的國際高等大學北京大學、清華大學也坐落於北京。
天壇位於北京市崇文區在永定門內大街路東。原是明清兩代皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的場所，始建於明永樂十八年 (1420 年 ), 以後經過不斷的改擴建，至清乾隆年間最終建成。天壇佔地達 273 萬平方米主要建築有祈年殿、圜丘、 皇穹宇、齋宮、神樂署、犧牲所等。1918 年闢為公園。
天壇東西長1700米，南北寬1600米，總面積為273萬平方米。天壇包括圜丘和祈谷二壇，圍牆分內外兩層，呈回字形。北圍牆為弧圓形，南圍牆與東西牆成直角相交，為方形。這種南方北圓，通稱“天地牆”，象徵古代“天圓地方”之說。外壇牆東、南、北三面均沒有門，只有西邊修兩座大門——圜丘壇門和祈谷壇門(也稱天壇門)。而內壇牆四周則有東、南、西、北四座天門。內壇建有祭壇和齋宮，並有一道東西橫牆，南為圜丘壇，北為祈谷壇。
天壇中的祈年殿是一座巨集偉而又極具民族風格的獨特建築，鎏金寶頂三層出簷的圓形攢尖式屋頂，覆蓋著象徵“天”的藍色琉璃瓦，層層向上收縮。簷下的木結構用和璽彩繪，坐落在漢白玉石基座上，遠遠望去，色彩對比強烈而和諧，上下形狀統一而富於變化。
神樂署、齋宮都是祭壇的附屬建築，是祭祀大典的服務用房 , 故齋宮、神樂署都是坐西向東，其建築規格、瓦色、裝飾彩畫均遜於天壇的祭祀建築，強烈地表達了中國古代的 " 敬天 " 思想。天壇有 3500 餘株古松柏、古槐 , 樹齡逾數百年。壇廟在中國古代被譽為國家的 " 萬世不移 " 之基故中國古代對壇廟植樹極為重視明永樂年間初建北京天地壇時即 " 樹以松柏 " 取 " 尊而識之 " 的寓意以後歷朝陸續補植 , 至清朝中葉形成頗具規模的天壇古樹群落。大量的古松柏分佈於圜丘、祈年殿等祭祀建築周圍，蒼翠的古樹與古老的建築、茵茵的綠草共同構成了天壇莊重肅穆、靜謐深遠的環境氛圍。
從明永樂十八年 (1420 年 ) 北京天地壇初建成時開始，天壇作為皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的專用祭壇的歷史一直延續了 490 餘年，1920xx年爆發的辛亥革命結束了中國兩千餘年的封建帝制，也結束了貫穿中國歷史達五千年的祭祀史，專用於為皇帝祭祀服務的天壇從此 " 任人遊覽 ",1918 年民國政府將天壇闢為公園，實行售票開放。1951 年北京市政府組建了天壇管理處，1957 年天壇被列入北京市第一批古建文物保護單位。1961 年被國務院列入第一批全國重點文物保護單位。1998年11月，被列入《世界遺產名錄》。
大熊貓是古老的的動物，被稱為“活化石”。主要生活在四川和西藏的山區，及其珍稀。它的體態肥胖，皮毛黑白分明，頭圓而大，白色的臉上有兩個八字形的黑眼圈，就像戴上了一副墨鏡。一條黑色的帶子從肩一直伸展到整個前肢，並且逐步變寬，後肢也是黑顏色，身體的其他地方都是白色。大熊貓走起路來總是拖著笨拙的身體，大搖大擺第走路。高興時，它會捲成一團，滿地打滾，它的視覺較差，行動緩慢，但能快速而靈活地爬上高大的樹木。大熊貓還有高超的游泳技術，若在河邊遭遇敵害，會迅速下水逃走。
大熊貓的胃口可大了，每天要吃差不多10~20公斤竹子。不過，大熊貓也不是完全吃素的;在竹林裡如果碰到竹鼠，他會仔細地尋找鼠洞，用前爪拼命拍打地面，迫使竹鼠從洞裡面跑出來，一把抓住，吃上一頓美餐，有時，大熊貓也會闖進農家，趕走正在孵蛋的母雞，把一窩蛋吃個精光，心滿意足地開一次齋。大熊貓喜歡喝水，它喝水的樣子也是蠻有趣的。它先慢吞吞地走到小溪邊，用爪子挖一個小坑，讓水流到小坑裡，一邊和睡一邊游泳，直到喝得大腹便便，才蹣跚地走回家。如果實在喝的太多了，連走也走不動了，就索性躺在小溪邊，呼呼大睡起來。
大熊貓生性孤僻，常分散獨棲與茂密的竹林中，沒有固定的居住地點，會隨著季節的變化而搬家，故得雅號“竹林隱士”。僅在春暖花開時，為了愛，它們才各自大破鴻溝，相互追逐，熱戀成婚。熊貓媽媽經過了3~5個月懷胎之後，小熊貓在9月誕生。剛生下的熊貓寶寶只有90~130克。在熊貓寶寶出生後的頭幾天，熊貓媽媽前足緊抱它，片刻不離開，未滿三、四個月以前，媽媽隨時隨地帶著寶寶，離窩時也是隨身抱著以確保小寶寶的安全。但過分的溺愛會造成意外的悲劇，熊貓媽媽常在熟睡中將孩子不慎壓死。
1984年，第23屆奧運會在洛杉磯舉行，大會的吉祥物被選定為大熊貓。所以，我國借出了一對大熊貓作為友誼的使者，出使美國，它們受到了全世界人民的喜愛!
天安門廣場位於北京市中心，南北長880米，東西寬500米，面積達44萬平方米，可容納100萬人舉行盛大-，是當今世界上最大的城市廣場。
天安門廣場記載了北京人民不屈不撓的革命精神和大無畏的英雄氣概，五四運動、一 二九運動、五 二○運動都在這裡為中國現代革命史留下了濃重的色彩。新中國成立後，天安門廣場拓寬，並在廣場中央修建了人民英雄紀念碑，後又分別在廣場的西側修建了人民大會堂、東側修建了中國革命博物館和中國歷史博物館、南側修建了毛主席紀念堂。
天安門城樓坐落在廣場的北端。天安門建於明永樂十五年(1420xx年)，原名承天門，清順治八年(1651年)改建後稱天安門。城門五闕，重樓九楹，通高33.7米。在20xx餘平方米雕刻精美的漢白玉須彌基座上，是高10餘米的紅白墩臺，墩臺上是金碧輝煌的天安門城樓。城樓下是碧波粼粼的金水河，河上有5座雕琢精美的漢白玉金水橋。城樓前兩對雄健的石獅和挺秀的華表巧妙地相配合，使天安門成為一座完美的建築藝術傑作。
1949年10月1日，毛澤東主席在天安門城樓上宣告中華人民共和國成立，並親手升起第一面五星紅旗。從此天安門城樓成為新中國的象徵，它莊嚴肅穆的形象是我國國徽的重要組成部分。
尊敬的女士們、先生們、小朋友們：
大家好!
我是今天的導遊盛澤西，大家可以叫我小盛。今天我們要參觀的是天壇，它是世界著名文化遺產之一。今天，我很高興和大家共同欣賞它美麗的景色和建築，共度這段美好的時光，預祝大家玩得愉快!。
天壇是明清兩代皇帝祭天的場所，始建於明永樂20xx年(1420xx年)，以後經過不斷的擴建，至清乾隆年間建成。它從建成開始，一直是皇帝祭天的專用祭壇，一直延續了490年，直到1920xx年辛亥革命封建帝制結束，它也完成了它的使命。1920xx年被闢為公園，從此後“任人遊覽”。1957年被列入北京市第一批古建築文物保護單位。1961年被國務院列入第一批全國重點文物保護單位。
天壇公園現有面積為205萬平方米，儲存有祈谷壇、圜丘壇、齋宮、神樂四組古建築群，有古建築92座600餘間。是世界上現存規模最大、形制最完備的古代祭天建築群。天壇有3500餘株古松柏、古槐，樹齡逾數百年。
天壇不僅是中國古代皇帝的祭壇，也是中國悠久的祭天文化的結晶，其巨集偉的建築、蒼翠的古樹、豐富的文物收藏既記載了中國古代先民的企盼和希望，也記載了封建帝王的睿智、昏庸和腐朽。
各位親愛的遊客朋友們，我們今天的遊覽就要結束了。非常高興能與大家共同度過這段美好的時光。對我今天的導遊有什麼不滿意之處，請大家批評指正，謝謝!
大巴車搖搖晃晃地沿著山路駛向遺址，遠處墨綠的山脈綿延起伏，沒有入雲的高聳，卻有如刀削般的陡峭山勢，塵土飛揚間映入眼簾的盡是灰黃的色彩。好一處荒無人煙的地方!我無法想象曾經居住在這裡的北京猿人是如何定居，如何生活的。
跟著導遊爬了好一段臺階，繞著山腰轉了好幾個圈，沿路零散豎著幾個標牌，標牌上寫著這裡發掘出的遺蹟古物。小道旁時不時有已經滅絕的遠古動物的模型，齜著牙，咧著嘴，目光直直射向前方，彷彿虛空中有它的獵物;還有北京猿人的生活寫照，或半蹲，或直立，或側身仰頭，舉起手中石器，有的揹著剛剛捕獲的獵物……哪怕經過萬年時光，也能看到他們臉上滿足的笑意。心中的好奇愈發強烈，我加快了步伐想要一探究竟。
終於到了第一處洞穴――新洞。洞口很大，洞口前的沙石似是被用心打磨過，一層層如利刃劍鋒，歷經萬年仍有森森寒意。在洞口，便可一覽這新洞的全貌。新洞是儲存最完好的一處洞穴，最高處約有5米，洞裡空間不大，但住一家人亦是足夠。愈往洞的深處走，溫度愈發低，但又不至於寒冷。真真應了講解員的那句話，這洞的選址是極為巧妙的，夏日涼爽，冬日也不冷。腳下踩著深黃色的土石，混凝得細密、結實，也不會太滑。有一層岩石比地面高出一米左右，沙石更加細膩平坦，我估計是那時北京猿人睡覺的地方。
手電筒蒼白的光柱照進洞的深處，隱約可以看見有稜有角的幾塊岩石散落在洞的一角，猜想可能是他們生活用的器具、工具等。那些岩石雖是零散地放置在了洞穴中最不明顯的一隅，但是它們中每一件，都是這片土地上最早居住的'先祖們的智慧結晶。它們是北京猿人生活過的痕跡，穿梭了萬年歲月，今日與我們相遇。彷彿是為了赴一場萬年的約會，不用多麼高調地顯露它們的價值，那些石頭只需靜默地守候在那裡，用萬年不變的目光注視著我們這些渴望求知的拜訪者。與它們對視，眸中含了滄桑，寫滿了古樸。但我清清楚楚地知道，它們代表了什麼。
達爾文進化論中不可或缺的一環，北京猿人的存在證明了歷史必然的發展趨勢。那個時代的他們，懂得生存，更懂得更好地生存。會使用簡單的工具，也會選一處避風的港灣與家人同住，甚至也會用貝殼獸骨雕刻出小小的飾品。
崇敬之情縈繞心間，看著每一處洞穴，我都會想想那時的人過著怎樣的生活，又有著怎樣的智慧。驚歎於他們已然學會與自然抗爭，感慨於他們已然懂得謀求更好的生活方式。
北京猿人，自有他們的智慧。
大家好!各位長途旅行辛苦了。首先代表北京青年旅行社歡迎各位朋友的到來。來到中國。來到首都北京參觀遊覽。請允許我向大家做個簡單的自我介紹。我叫妞妞。來自於北京青年旅行社。將做為大家此次之行的導遊。而為我們大家駕車的司機姓王，入鄉隨俗，在北京稱司機為師傅，所以大家叫他王師傅就可以了。
對我的稱呼就會隨意一些了，就直呼我的名字叫妞妞吧。接下來在北京的行程就由我和王師傅共同為大家服務，相信我和王師傅默契的配合，熱情周到的服務，會讓大家在北京渡過一個快樂，難忘，有意義的假期，同時大家在旅遊活動過程中有何想法和建議，可以直接告訴我或司機師傅，也可以講給你們的領隊讓他來轉告我。在可能並不超出我職權範圍之內的事情我一定會盡力的幫助大家。同時也希望大家在此次之行中可以支援並配合我的導遊服務工作。在此妞妞先前大家致敬感謝了!
(故宮午門前)
女士們、先生們：
今天有幸陪同大家一道參觀，我感到很高興。這裡就是世界聞名的故宮博物館，一般大家都簡稱它為故宮，清朝末代皇帝愛新覺羅.溥儀被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永樂皇帝朱棣遷都於此，先後有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在這座金碧輝煌的宮城裡統治中國長達五個世紀之久。帝王之家，自然規模巨集大，氣勢磅礴，時至今日這裡不僅在中國，在世界上也是規模最大，儲存最完整的古代皇家宮殿建築群。由於這座宮城集中體現了我國古代建築藝術的優秀傳統和獨特風格，所以在建築史上具有十分重要的地位，是建築藝術的經典之作，1987年已被聯合國教科文組織評定為世界文化遺產。
故宮又稱紫禁城，究其由來，是由天文學說和民間傳說相互交融而形成的。中國古代天文學家將天上所有的星宿分為三垣、二十八宿、三十一天區。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合紫微居中”的說法。因此，古人認為紫外線微垣是天帝之座，故被稱為紫宮。皇帝是天帝之子、人間至尊，因此他們也要模仿天帝，在自己宮殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表現其位居中央，環視天下的帝王氣概。還有一個說法就是指紫氣東來”。傳說老子出函谷關，關令尹喜見有紫氣從東來，知道將有聖人過關。果然老子騎了青牛前來，喜便請他寫下了《道德經》。後人因此以紫氣東來”表示祥瑞。帝王之家當然希望出祥瑞天象，那麼用紫”字來命名也就順理成章了。禁”字的意思就比較明顯了，那就是皇宮禁地，戒備森嚴，萬民莫近。此話決無半個虛字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宮後這裡正式開放以前平民百姓別想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城過去是多麼崇高威嚴，神聖不可侵犯啊!
紫禁城建在北京，是有其歷史的，也因為這裡是一塊風水寶地，說起來話長。故宮從明永樂四年(1406)開始修建，用了14年的時間才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的歷史。大家看到了，故宮是一級紅牆黃瓦的建築群，為什麼這樣呢?據道家陰陽五行學說認為，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土佔中央方位，因為華夏民族世代生息在黃土高原上，所以對黃色就產生了一種崇仰和依戀的感情，於是從唐朝起，黃色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服飾和建築上使用。而紅色，則寓意著美滿，吉祥和富貴，正由於這些原因，故宮建築的基本色調便採用了紅，黃兩種顏色。
故宮佔地72萬多平方米，有宮殿樓閣9900多間，建築面積約15萬平方米。四周有高9.9米，號稱10米的城牆，牆外一週是52米寬的護城河，俗稱筒子河。城南北長約960米，東西寬約760米，城上四角各有一座結構奇異，和諧美觀的角樓，呈八角形，人稱九樑十八柱，七十二條脊。城四周各設一門，南面的正門是午門，北門叫神武門，東門叫東華門，西門叫西華門。故宮在施工中共徵集了全國著名的工匠23萬，民夫100萬人。所用的建築材料來自全國各地。比如漢白玉石料來自北京房山縣，五色虎皮石來自河北薊縣的盤山，花崗石採自河北曲陽縣。宮殿內墁地的方磚，燒製在蘇州，砌牆用磚是山東臨清燒的。宮殿牆壁上所用的紅色，原料產自山東宣化(今高青縣)的煙筒山。木料則主要來自湖廣，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出當時工程之浩大。
我們眼前的建築叫午門。午門是紫禁城的正門，俗稱五鳳樓。明代，每年正月十五，午門都要懸燈賜食百官。到了清代這種活動就取消了。每年農曆十月七年級，都要在這裡舉行頒佈次年年曆儀式，清代乾隆年間因避乾隆帝弘曆”的名字，故將頒歷”改稱頒朔”。清代，皇帝舉行朝會或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，萬壽，大婚等重大節日，都要在這裡陳設鹵簿，儀仗。此外，國家凡有徵戰凱旋時，皇帝在午門接受獻俘典禮，如果皇帝親征也從午門出駕。
關於推出午門斬首”的說法，可能是由於戲劇午臺上及野史小說敷衍而來的。實際上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午門廷杖，當然嚴重的可能也有被當場打死的。
(進午門後金水橋前)
現在我們已經到了故宮裡面，在正式遊覽之前，我先介紹一下故宮的佈局和參觀路線。故宮佔地72萬多平方米，在這樣大的面積上，集各種建築手法，建造一組規模如此巨集大的建築群，不但沒有紛雜現象，反而給人以結構嚴謹，色彩輝煌和佈局規整的感覺，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一條極為明顯的中軸紅，這條中軸線和整座北京城有機地結為一體，北從鐘樓，南至永定門，總長度約8公里，皇家禁區苑內的部分約佔三分之一。宮內重要建築都在這條中軸線上，其它建築分東西對稱分佈。整個宮殿的設計和佈局都表現了封建君主的尊嚴”和對封建等級制度的森嚴。
故宮分外朝內廷。現在我們在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和門。門前有一對青銅獅子，威嚴，凶悍，成了門前橋頭的守衛者，象徵著權力與尊嚴。皇帝貴為天子，門前的獅子自然最精美，最高大了。東邊立的為雄獅，前爪下有一隻幼獅，象徵皇權永存，千秋萬代。我們眼前的這條小河，叫金水河，起裝飾和防水之用。河上五座橋象徵孔子所提倡的五德：仁、義、禮、智、信。整條河外觀象支弓，中軸線就是箭，這表明皇帝受命於天，代天帝治理國家。
(在太和門前)
故宮建築分為外朝”與內廷”兩大部分。由午門到乾清門之間的部分分為外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，東西兩側有文華、武英兩組宮殿，左右對稱，形成外朝”雄偉壯觀的格局。三大殿前後排列在同一個龐大的工”字型漢白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分為三層，每層有漢白玉石刻欄杆圍繞，三臺中有三層石雕御路”。太和殿俗稱金鑾殿，是故宮最高大的一座建築物，也是國內最高大、最壯麗的古代木結構建築。乾清門以內為內廷”，建築佈局也是左右對稱。中部為乾清宮，交泰殿、坤寧宮，是封建皇帝居住和處理日常政務的地方。兩側的東、西六宮是嬪妃的住所，東、西一所是皇子的住所。內廷”還有為皇家遊玩的三處花園——御花園、慈寧花園、乾隆花園。內金水河沿內廷”西邊蜿蜒繞過英武殿、太和門、文華殿流出宮外，河上有白玉石橋，沿河兩岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕欄杆，形似玉帶。故宮建築絕大部分以黃琉璃瓦為頂，在陽光下金碧輝煌，莊嚴美觀。
故宮中的建築除了突出中軸線外，還用了各種手法，使宮城中各組建築獨具特色。比如殿基的處理，殿頂的形式，吻獸和垂脊獸的數目，彩繪圖案的規制等等。這樣，不僅使主要建築更顯得高大，壯觀，而且還表現了宮中建築的等級差別。民間傳說故宮有房9999間半，說天上的皇宮一共有房10000間，地上的皇帝自稱天子”，不敢與其同數，所以就少了半間。這半間房在哪兒呢?它指的便是文淵閣西頭那一小間。實際上紫禁城有房9000餘間，所謂的這半間是根本不存在的。文淵閣西頭一間，面積雖小，僅能容納一個樓梯，但它仍是一整間。文淵閣樓下是藏我國第一部《四庫全書》的地方，為了照顧佈局上的美觀，所以把西頭一間建造的格外小。
(經過太和門之後)
女士們、先生們，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗稱金鑾殿，是故宮內最大宮殿。建築面積2377平方米，重簷廡殿頂，是殿宇中最高等級，為外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三層重疊的工”字型須彌座上，由漢白玉雕成，離地8餘米，下層臺階21級，中，上層各9級。
太和殿始建於公元1406年，經歷了三次火災和一次兵燹的毀壞，現在大家看到的是清朝建的。四個屋簷上各有一排動物，原來是釘子，用來固定瓦片用的，後來換成了神話傳說中的動物，據說可以辟邪，而且數量越多，表明建築越重要。太和殿上有9個，9是陽之極數，依次為7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允許有這種裝飾的。
明清兩朝曾有24個皇帝在此登基，宣佈即位詔書。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、冊立皇后、頒佈法令、政令、派將出徵、金殿傳臚以及賜安等等，皇帝都要在這裡舉行儀式，接受文武百官朝賀。
這個廣場是太和殿廣場，面積達3萬平方米。整個廣場無一草一木，空曠寧靜，給人以森嚴肅穆的感覺。正中為御路，左右地面鋪的磚橫七豎八，共15層，以防有人挖地道進入皇宮。周圍有一些大缸，是做什麼用的呢?在故宮裡一共有308個大缸，是用來儲水防炎的，缸下可燒炭加溫，防止冬天缸水結冰。為什麼要建這麼大的廣場呢·那是是為了讓人們感覺到太和殿的雄偉壯觀。站在下面向前望去：藍天之下，黃瓦生輝。層層石臺，如同白雲，加上香菸繚繞，整個太和殿好像天上仙境一樣。舉行大典時，殿內的琺琅仙鶴盤上點上蠟燭，香亭、香爐燒檀香，露臺上的銅爐、龜、鶴燃松柏枝，殿前兩側香菸繚繞，全場鴉雀無聲。皇帝登上寶座時，鼓樂齊鳴，文武大臣按呂級跪伏在廣場，仰望著雲中樓閣山呼萬歲，以顯示皇帝無上權威與尊嚴。
清朝末代皇帝溥儀1908年底登基時，年僅3歲，由他父親攝政王載灃把他抱扶到寶座上。當大典開始時差，突然鼓樂齊鳴，嚇得小皇帝哭鬧不止，嚷著要回家去。載灃急得滿頭大汗，只好哄著小皇帝說：別哭，別哭，快完了，快完了!”大臣們認為此話不吉祥，說來也巧，3年後清朝果真就滅亡了，從而結束了我國20__多年的封建統治。
昨天下午，我們剛來時導遊姐姐提醒我們北京的飯菜很差，被遊客們稱之為“三乎”。哪“三乎”呢，就是鹹乎乎、黑乎乎、黏糊糊。
今天早晨，我們體驗了來北京的第一頓早餐。來到餐廳排著隊，我伸長脖子一看，大出意外，還不錯哦。有小籠包、豆漿、茶蛋，還有清爽的小鹹菜。吃過後，我覺得味道還不錯，和那“三乎”好像一點也不挨邊，虛驚一場。導遊姐姐是故意嚇唬我們吧。
吃過飯，大家坐上車來到了新前門大街。 北京的前門是古都北京九門之首，前門大街位於中軸線上的南端，為皇帝祭天之道，所以也被稱為“天街”。現在是北京重點打造的歷史風貌保護區。
這裡有古色古香的五牌樓，風格各異的仿古建築，別有一番風味。這條街很長很長，街兩邊都是一些商店，有賣衣服的，有賣茶葉的，還有賣小飾品的。
不過，因為我們來的太早，好多商家還沒營業呢。這裡匯聚了許多老字號的店鋪，比如謙祥益、全聚德、大北照相館等。這裡曾是老北京三大商業區之一，始於明盛於清。顛峰時期商賈雲集，老字號多達上百家。
青石鋪就的路面乾淨整潔，路中央鋪著長長的鐵軌。不過，很遺憾沒有看見傳說中的“鐺鐺車”。
這裡的路燈與眾不同，有鳥籠形的，有糖葫蘆形的，不知道晚上點亮後會是怎樣的美景呢?
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