Honourablejudges,ladiesandgentlemen,
Goodafternoon!weencounterdifficultiesinlife,rtunately,however,thisattitudewilldoyounogood,becauseifyouwillhavenocourageeventofacethem,howcanyouconquerthem?Thus,beoptimistic,ladiesandgentlemen,asitcangiveyouconfidenceandhelpyouseeyourselfthroughthehardtimes,justasWinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Anoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity;apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.”
LadiesandGentlemen,keepingoptimistic,youwillbeabletorealize,inspiteofsomehardship,there’salwayshopewaitingforyou,oricallyaswellascurrently,ee,ThomasEdisonisoptimistic;ifnot,edNobelisoptimistic;ifnot,anceArmstrongisalsooptimistic;ifnot,thedevilofcancerwouldhavedevouredhislifeandtheworldwouldnotseea5-timewinneroftheTourDeFrance.
Arosemaybebeautiful,ormaybenot;thatdependsonyourattitudeonly,andsodoessuccess,rancesanddifficultiesdoexist,butifyouareoptimistic,thentheyareonlyepisodesonyourlongwaytothethroneofsuccess;theyaremorebridgesthanobstacles!NowIprefertoendmyspeechwiththegreatBritishpoetShelley’slines:“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?”Thankyou!
We Are The World ,We Are The Future
Someone said “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”. I don’t know who wrote these words, but I’ve always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be. We are all in the position of the farmers. If we plant a good seed ,we reap a good harvest. If we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all.
We are young. “How to spend the youth?” It is a meaningful question. To answer it, first I have to ask “what do you understand by the word youth?” Youth is not a time of life, it’s a state of mind. It’s not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips or supple knees. It’s the matter of the will. It’s the freshneof the deep spring of life.
A poet said “To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour. Several days ago, I had a chance to listen to a lecture. I learnt a lot there. I’d like to share it with all of you. Let’s show our right palms. We can see three lines that show how our er and life is. I have a short line of life.
What about yours? I wondered whether we could see our future in this way. Well, let’s make a fist. Where is our future?
Where is our love, career, and life? Tell , it is in our hands. It is held in ourselves.
We all want the future to be better than the past. But the future can go better itself. Don’t cry because it is over, smile because it happened. From the past, we’ve learnt that the life is tough, but we are tougher. We’ve learnt that we can’t choose how we feel, but we can choose what about it. Failure doesn’t mean you don’t have it, it does mean you should do it in a different way. Failure doesn’t mean you should give up, it does mean you must try harder.
As what I said at the beginning, “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”. The past has gone. Nothing we do will change it. But the future is in front of us. Believe that what we give to the world, the world will give to us. And from today on, let’s be the owners of ourselves, and speak out “We are the world, we are the future.”
世界是我們的，未來是我們的
一些人說“我們正在讀一本無窮的書中的第一章的第一節。”我不知道誰寫了這些話，但是我一直很喜歡它，因為它提醒了
我，我們能夠創造我們想要的未來。
我們都是農夫。如果我們播下好的種子，我們將會豐收。如果我們的種子很差，有很多草籽，收割的將是無用的莊稼。如果我們什麼也不播種，什麼收穫也沒有。
我們是年輕的。“怎樣度過青春?”這是個有意義的問題。為了去回答它，我首先要問“從‘青春’這個詞中你能理解到什麼?” 青春不是人生的一個時期，而是精神的一種狀態。青春不是桃面、丹脣、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，。青春是生命的深泉在湧流.
一位詩人說“從一粒沙看世界，從一朵花看天堂，把無限放在你的手掌，永恆在一剎那裡收藏”。幾天前，我有了一個聽講座的機會，從中我學到了很多東西。現在，我想把這些與大家共享。讓我們伸出右手，我們可以看到手掌中的展示我們的愛，事業和生活的三條線。我在生活方面這條線很短，那你們的呢?我想知道我們是否可以用這種辦法去看我們的未來。好的，讓我們一起握拳。我們的未來在哪兒?我們的愛、事業和生活在哪兒?告訴我!是的，它們就在我們的手中。它們被我們自己掌握著。
我們所有人都希望未來能比過去更美好，但是未來能自己變得更好。不要因為結束而哭泣，微笑吧，為你的曾經擁有。從過去來看，生活是艱苦的，但我們是更堅強。我們知道我們不能選擇感覺，但是我們能選擇和它相關的東西。失敗並不意味著你不擁有成功，它只意味著你應該用另一種方式去做這件事。失敗並不意味著你應該放棄，只意味著你應該更加努力。
正如我在前面所說的“我們正在讀一本無窮的書中的第一章的第一節。”過去的已經過去，無論我們無力改變，但是未來卻在我們前方。相信“我們給了世界什麼，世界也將給我們”。並且從今天起，讓我們一起做我們自己的主人，一起大聲說出“世界是我們的，未來是我們的。”
Hello, everybody! Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, everybody. All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat. How is everybody doing today? (Applause.) How about Tim Spicer? (Applause.) I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia. And we’ve got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade. And I am just so glad that all could join us today. And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host. Give yourselves a big round of applause. (Applause.)I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school. And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it’s your first day in a new school, so it’s understandable if you’re a little nervous. I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now -- (applause) -- with just one more year to go. And no matter what grade you’re in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could’ve stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.I know that feeling. When I was young, my family lived overseas. I lived in Indonesia for a few years. And my mother, she didn’t have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the , as you might imagine, I wasn’t too happy about getting up that early. And a lot of times, I’d fall asleep right there at the kitchen table. But whenever I’d complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she’d say, “This is no picnic for me either, buster.” (Laughter.)So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. But I’m here today because I have something important to discuss with you. I’m here because I want to talk with you about your education and what’s expected of all of you in this new school at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world -- and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed. That’s what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself. Every single one of you has something that you’re good at. Every single one of you has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. That’s the opportunity an education can provide.
I believe in our future
Honorable Judges, fellow students:
Good afternoon!
Recently, ther is a heated debate in our society. The college students are the beneficiaries of a rare privilege, who receive exceptional education at extraordinary places. But will we be able to face the challenge and support ourselves against all odds? Will we be able to better the lives of others? Will we be able to accept the responsibility of building the future of our country?
The cynics say the college students are the pampered lost generation, which would cringe at the slightest discomfort. But the cynics are wrong. The college students I see are eagerly learning about how to live independently. We help each other clean the dormitory, go shopping and bargain together, and take part time jobs to supplement our pocket money.
The cynics say we care for nothing other than grades; and we neglect the need for character cultivation. But again, the cynics are wrong. We care deeply for each other, we cherish freedom, we treasure justice, and we seek truth. Last week, thousands of my fellow students had their blood type tested in order to make a contribution for the children who suffer from blood cancer.
As college students, we are adolescents at the critical turning point in our lives. We all face a fundamental choice: cynicism or faith, each will profoundly impact our future, or even the future of our country. I believe in all my fellow classmates. Though we are still inexperienced and even a little bit childish. I believe that we have the courage and faith to meet any challenge and take on our responsibilities. We are preparing to assume new responsibilities and tasks, and to use the education we have received to make our world a better place. I believe in our future.
我對未來充滿信心
尊敬的評委，各位同學：
下午好!
最近，社會上有一場很激烈的爭論。大學生是一種稀有特權的享有者，在很棒的地方接受高等教育。但是，我們能面對挑戰而無所畏懼嗎?我們能夠改善他人的生活嗎?我們能夠承擔建設祖國未來的重任嗎?
懷疑論者說大學生是被寵壞的一代，一丁點挫折都受不了。但是他們錯了，我所看到的大學生正在努力的學習獨立生活。我們互相幫助打掃衛生，一起上街砍價購物，一起參加兼職工作來賺零花錢。
懷疑論者說我們除了成績什麼都不關心，從而忽略了性格的培養。但是，他們又錯了。我們彼此關心，我們嚮往自由，我們珍惜公正，我們追求真理。上個星期，很多我的同學去驗血，為了給患血癌的孩子貢獻自己的力量。
作為大學生，我們是處在人生分水嶺的青年。我們都面臨一個重要的選擇：懷疑人生還是相信自己，每一種都會給我們的人生帶來重大的影響，甚至影響我們祖國的未來。我相信我們的同學們，雖然我們依然缺乏經驗，甚至有些志氣，但是我相信我們有勇氣和自信來面對生活的挑戰並承擔我們的責任。我們正努力準備接受新的任務，用我們所學習的知識將世界變得更美好。我對我們的未來充滿信心。
keep your direction
what would you do if you failed? many people may choose to give up. however, the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick to your goal.
on your way to success, you must keep your direction. it is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and helping you overcome obstacles on your way. otherwise, you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.
direction means objectives. you can get nowhere without an objective in life.
you can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve it. in this way, you will know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly. and you should also have a belief that you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.
堅持你的方向
如果失敗了你會怎麼做?很多人可能會選擇放棄。然而，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅持你的方向和目標。
在通往成功的路上，你必須堅持你的方向。它就像一盞燈，在黑暗中為你指路，幫助你度過難關。否則，你很容易就會迷失方向或猶豫不前。
方向意味著目標。人生如果沒有目標，將一事無成。
你可以試著把你的目標寫在紙上，並制定實現目標的計劃。這樣，你就會懂得如何合理安排時間，如何正確地支配時間。而且你還要有這樣的信念：只要你一直堅持自己的方向，你就一定可以成功。
As everyone knows,English is very important has been used everywhere in the has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. If we can speak English well,we will have more chance to use more and more people have taken notice of it,the number of the people who go to learn English has increased at a high speed.
But for myself,I learn English not only because of its importance and its usefulness,but also because of my love for I learn English, I can feel a different way of thinking which gives me more room to touch the I read English novels,I can feel the pleasure from the book which is different from reading the I speak English, I can feel the confident from my I write English,I can see the beauty which is not the same as our Chinese...
I love English,it gives me a colorful dream.I hope I can travel around the world one day. With my good English, I can make friends with many people from different contries.I can see many places of great intrests.I dream that I can go to London,because it is the birth place of English.
I also want to use my good English to introduce our great places to the English spoken people,I hope that they can love our country like us.
I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.
If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday , it will love me too.
I am sure that I will realize my dream one day!
Thank you!
正如每個人所知，英語在今天十分重要。它已經被應用到世界的各個角落。它已經成為商業上最為通用的一門語言並廣泛的用於國際貿易。如果我們能說好英語，我們就有更多的機會成功。因為越來越多的人注意到這一點，學英語的人數正在已很高的速度增長。
但是對我而言，我學英語不僅僅因為它的重要性以及它的實用性，更是因為我喜愛英語。當我學英語時，我可以體會到一種不同的思維方式，它可以給我更多接觸世界的空間。當我讀英語小說時，我能感受到不同於閱讀翻譯文的快樂。當我說英語時，我可以感到自信。當我寫英語時，我能夠感到不同於漢語的那種美……
我愛英語，它給了我一個色彩斑斕的夢。我希望有朝一日我可以暢遊世界，用我流利的英語，我可以和世界各地的人交友。我能看到許多的名勝。我希望我能夠到倫敦去，因為那裡是英語的故鄉。
我也希望用我流利的英語來將我們的名勝介紹給說英語的朋友，我希望他們可以像我們一樣的愛我們的國家。
我知道，羅馬不是一天築成的。(成功需要日積月累。)我相信在持續不斷的努力學習下，總有一天我可以擁有一口流利的英語。
如果你想被愛，你就應該學著去愛他人。所以我相信我對英語的愛定將換來它對我的愛。
我相信總有一天我會實現我的夢!
謝謝!
Learn How to Say No
We've all been taught that we should help people. It is the right thing to do and will make us popular with others. It may even win us favors in return. However, we must be realistic. We can't say yes to every request. If we did, we would fail or go crazy for sure. Sometimes we simply don't have the time to help. In this case, we must know how to say no politely.
When we need to say no, here is one method we can try. First, we should tell the truth. If we really can't do something, we should just say so. Second, we should remember to refuse requests politely. We must communicate clearly, but must also be sincere and sympathetic. A true friend will understand. Finally, we must not feel guilty about saying no. Sometimes refusing others is the right thing to do. It can save ourselves, and them, a lot of trouble. In short, we cannot please everyone all the time. Refusing favors is a part of life.
學習如何說不
我們都被教導說，我們應該要幫助別人。這是應該做的事，而且這樣做會使我們受人歡迎。它甚至會為我們贏得一些回報。但是，我們必須要實際一點。我們不能答應每一個要求。如果我們這麼做，我們就一定會失敗或發瘋。有時候我們確實沒有時間去幫忙。既然如此，我們就必須知道如何有禮貌地說不。
當我們需要說不的時候，有個辦法我們可以試試。首先，我們應該要說實話。假如我們真的辦不到某件事，我們就應該說不。第二，我們應該記得要客氣地拒絕對方的要求。我們必須清楚地表達，但態度也必須真誠並且表示同情。一個真正的朋友會諒解的。最後，我們不必為了說不而覺得有罪惡感。有時候拒絕別人才是我們應該做的事。它可以替我們自己和別人，都省下許多麻煩。總而言之，我們無法一直取悅每個人。拒絕請求是人生的一部分。
My friends, comrades, and fellow South Africans: I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy, and freedom for all. I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people. Your tireless and heroic sacrifices have made it possible for me to be here today. I therefore have placed the remaining years of my life in your , I extend my sincere and warmest gratitude to the millions of my compatriots and those in every corner of the globe who have campaigned tirelessly for my release. I extend special greetings to the people of Cape Town the city through which — which has been my home for three decades.
I salute the rank?and?file members of the ANC: You have sacrificed life and limb in the pursuit of the noble cause of our , like Solomon Mahlangu and Ashley Kriel, who have paid the ultimate price for the freedom of all South Africans. I salute the South African Communist Party for its sterling contribution to the struggle for democracy. You have survived 40 years of unrelenting persecution.
The memory of great communists like Moses Kotane, Yusuf Dadoo, Bram Fischer, and Moses Mabhida will be cherished for generations to come. I salute General Secretary Joe Slovo, one of our finest patriots. We are heartened by the fact that the alliance between ourselves and the Party remains as strong as it — it always , the National Education Crisis Committee, the South African Youth Congress, the Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses, and COSATU and the many other formations of the Mass Democratic Movement. I also salute the Black Sash and the National Union of South African Students.
We note with pride that you have looked — that you have acted as the conscience of white South Africa. Even during the darkest days in the history of our struggle you held the flag of liberty high. The large?scale mass mobilization of the past few years is one of the key factors which led to the opening of the final chapter of our — Your organized strength is the pride of our movement. You remain the most dependable force in the struggle to end exploitation and oppression.
I greet the traditional leaders of our country — many among you continue to walk in the footsteps of great heroes like Hintsa and , you, the young lions. You, the young lions, have energized our entire struggle. I pay tribute to the mothers and wives and sisters of our nation. Without your support our struggle would not have reached this advanced stage. The sacrifice of the frontline states will be remembered by South Africans , black and white, recognize that apartheid has no future. It has to be ended by our own decisive mass action in order to build peace and security.
The mass campaigns of defiance and other actions of our organizations and people can onlyculminate in the establishment of continent is in calculable. The fabric of family life of millions of my people has been shattered. Millions are homeless and unemployed. Our economy — Our economy lies in ruins and our people are embroiled in political strife. Our resort to the armed struggle in 1960 with the formation of the military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto we Sizwe, was a purely defensive action against the violence of apartheid. The factors which necessitated the armed struggle still exist today. We have no option but to continue. We express the hope that a climate conducive to a negotiated settlement will be created soon so that there may no longer be the need for the armed , strategies, and , I feel duty?bound to make the point that a leader of the movement is a person who has been democratically elected at a national conference.
This is a principle which must be upheld without any , I wish to report to you that my talks with the government have been aimed at normalizing the political situation in the country. We have not as yet begun discussing the basic demands of the struggle. I wish to stress that I myself have at no time entered into negotiations about the future of our country except to insist on a meeting between the ANC and the has gone further than any other Nationalist President in taking real steps to normalize the situation. However, there are further steps, as outlined in the Harare Declaration, that have to be met before negotiations on the basic demands of our people can begin.
Negotiations cannot take place — Negotiations cannot take place above the heads or behind the backs of our people. It is our belief that the future of our country can only be determined by a body which is democratically elected on a non?racial basis. Negotiations on the dismantling of apartheid will have to address the overwhelming demands of our people for a democratic, non?racial and unitary South Africa. And this reality is that we are still suffering under the policies of the Nationalist , so that the process towards democracy is rapid and uninterrupted. We have waited too long for our freedom. We can no longer wait.
Now is the time to intensify the struggle on all fronts. To relax our efforts now would be a mistake which generations to come will not be able to role in a united democratic and non?racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony. In conclusion, I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are as true today as they were then. I spoke: I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and — and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.
18年的生命中，有著許多美好的經歷，初入大學校園，又是另一種生活，同時，作為當代大學生，你的身上肩負著成為我們民族的脊樑，為社會做出巨大的貢獻的重任。今天和小編一起來看看這篇演講稿吧。
Inmy18yearsoflife,impressedbyitsgarden-likecampus,ncefellinlovewithit.
在我這18年的生命中，有著許多美好的經歷，而大學生活則是其中最難忘的一段。我永遠不會忘記剛剛跨進大學校園的那幾天：花園一樣的校園，熱情活躍的學生，特別是那裡的學習氣氛，給我留下了深刻的印象。
Afterthearduousmilitarytraining,easilyarousemyinsatiabledesiretotakeinasmuchasIcan.
經過了一段艱辛的軍事訓練後，我完全融入到了學習中。老師的講課真是棒極了。他們傳授給我們的不僅是課本上的知識，還包括其他各種各樣的資訊。我渴望獲得儘可能多的知識，是老師激發起了我這個不能滿足的慾望。
Franklyspeaking,ver,throughmyowneffortsandthankstomyteachers'guidance,'vebenefitedalotfromlecturesandmanyotheracademicreports.
坦率地說，一開始我還不能跟上老師的講課。但是，通過我自己的努力以及老師的指導，我取得了巨大的進步。我從老師的授課和其他許多學術報告中獲益匪淺。
Learningisalongprocess;I'lishinghouseofferedmeapart-timejobincompilationandrevision.
學習是個循序漸進、長期的過程，我會在知識的寶庫中不斷探索，豐富自我。今年暑假，我跨出象牙塔，進入並接觸到了真正的社會。一個出版社給了我編輯和校對的兼職工作。
heywerereallysurprisedwhenItranslatedsevenEnglisharticlesover5,ually,eiropinionIturnedouttobeausefulandtrustworthycolleague.
工作初期，同事們都礁不起我。但是，當我在一天之內翻譯完7篇（總字數超過5000字）的英語文章後，他們真的是大吃一驚。漸漸地，他們開始用尊敬的眼光看待我。他們認為，我變成了一個有用並值得信賴的好同事。
eshowingthemhowbroadandhowcivilizedtheouterworldis,Iwasdeeplytouchedbytheireagernesstolearn,ldn'reciousexperiencewiththepoorkidsmademeawareoftheresponsibilityontheshouldersofus,futureteachers.
我也同樣意識到，只有那些為別人帶來幸福的人才能真正的幸福。因而，我經常參加有關公眾福利享業的活動。有一次，我和同學去了一個貧痔的山區村莊。在那裡，我們教那些沒錢上學的孩子。我向他們展示了一幅寬廣、文明的外部世界的畫面，但同時我也被那些孩子學習的渴望、他們的真誠和純潔深深打動了。在我們離開的那一天，我那不爭氣的眼淚禁不住流了下來。這次珍貴的經歷讓我們這些未來的教師意識到了自己肩上的責任重大。
Besidesstudyandsocialpractice,odybuildingeveryday,sowriteaplayandputitoninoursparetime.
除了學習和社會實踐，我還經常參加娛樂活動。我每天都鍛鍊身體，希望保持健康和充滿活力。我們還在業餘時間寫劇本並排練演出。
ajorityofstudentscherishtheirbeautifulseasonandcherishthehopethatonedaythey'gathertogetherforeating,'forgetcompletelyabouttheirmissionascollegestudentsandthehopeoftheirmotherland.
園生活是最豐富多彩的。但是，不同的人有著不同的選擇。大多數的學生珍惜他們的美好時光，並殷切希望將來能出類拔萃。可是，的確有學生無動於衷。他們聚在一起吃喝玩樂，他們忙於追求異性朋友，他們完全忘記了自己作為大學生的使命和祖國對他們的厚望。
Finally,opeeverybodycanbecomethebackboneofournationandmakegreatcontributionstosociety!
最後，我希望每個人都能盡努力成為國家的有用人才。我也希望每個人都能成為我們民族的脊樑，為社會做出巨大的貢獻!
President pitzer Mr. Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb, Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen:
I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief.
I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion.
We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a state noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds.
Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension.
No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50,000 years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century. Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them. Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter. Only five years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels. Christianity began less than two years ago. The printing press came this year, and then less than two months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power. Newton explored the meaning of gravity. Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available. Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight.
This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers. Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward.
So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait. But this city of Houston, this state of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. This country was conquered by those who moved forward--and so will space.
William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.
If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred. The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space.
Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolution, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it--we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding.
Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first. In short, our leadership in science and industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation.
We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours.
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?
We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too.
It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency.
In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history. We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10,000 automobiles with their accelerators on the floor. We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48 story structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field.
Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth. Some 40 of them were made in the United States of America and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union.
The Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science. The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines.
Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course. Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs.
We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them. And they may be less public.
To be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight. But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade, we shall make up and move ahead.
The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school. Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains.
And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs. Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this state, and this region, will share greatly in this growth. What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space. Houston, your city of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community. During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to $60 million a year; to invest some $200 million in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over $1 billion from this center in this city.
To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money. This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined. That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year--a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year. Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority--even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us. But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun--almost as hot as it is here today--and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out--then we must be bold.
I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute.
However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid. I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job. And this will be done in the decade of the Sixties. It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university. It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform. But it will be done. And it will be done before the end of this decade.
And I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America.
Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there."
Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.
Thank you.
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