Today, we come to Datong, Shanxi Province. It's said that Datong's noodlesare very famous. They are as fast as flying knives. Ah! I can't wait to have atry. When I come to the restaurant, I have performances and experiences. I sawin front of the table, a master skillfully grabbed a handful of dry flour fromthe nearby basin and spread it evenly on the wooden table. Then, he picked up aboard with flour on it, and used a small stainless steel razor to cut itquickly. The strips of noodles he cut off are called "sliced noodles". Thesliced noodles are really like the eight monsters in Shanxi. They are really asfast as flying knives. It's not only fast, but also the descending speed has asense of rhythm. They all go up first, then go in, slowly descend, and finallyfly to the edge of the platform. I looked at it myself and was stunned. Thosenoodles are not only the same speed, but also the same thickness.
"Pa" sound, I feel something fell on my head, a touch, ah! It's noodles."Children, please don't put your head in it." I'm still wondering. I suddenlythink of the head of the noodles, a look. So my head is on the table! After awhile, when the dough is only half, the master stops. I was in a daze. I didn'tknow what he wanted to do. Then, the others began to line up. I suddenlyunderstand, from the middle of the team into, and then squeezed out, and back tothe end of the team. I stick my tongue out and wait. When I arrived, I coollyrolled up my short sleeve sleeve, took a deep breath, and then picked up therazor and the board, ready to show you. But it's much harder than I thought.
I didn't know how to shave with a razor. Then I scratched my head andremembered that the noodles were cut like fruit, but I forgot whether to cut upor down. So I thought: sliced noodles fall from top to bottom, that should beupward slicing! So I began to upward slicing. The first time the noodles fell infront of me, I was very proud; the second time the noodles fell; the third timeI was unlucky, the noodles didn't know where to fly. At this time, my cousinbegan to laugh. I was a little confused and had an ominous premonition. Iusually feel my head when I think about a problem. I feel it Ah! I cried. Itfell on my head again. I just didn't wipe it. The noodles piled up on my head. Iwipe the face off with a tissue and try to cut it down. I made it this time. I'mvery happy. Ah! How fun it is to make noodles!
My friends, the scenic spot we are going to visit today is Jiulongbi inDatong. The tour time is about 2 hours. Please don't take photos or touch thewall during the tour. Now, please check the tour bus license plate and XiaoZhang's mobile phone number again. If you have anything, please contact me intime.
Jiulongbi was built in the last years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. It is theZhaobi in front of the house of Zhu GUI, the 13th son of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhangof Ming Dynasty. Together with the Jiulongbi in Beijing Palace Museum and BeihaiJiulongbi, it is called "three major Jiulongbi in China". Unfortunately, thepalace was destroyed in the end of Chongzhen. Jiulongbi was preserved because itwas separated from Heyang street. On June 25, 20__, as an ancient building ofMing Dynasty, Datong Jiulongbi was approved by the State Council to be listed inthe fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Jiulongbi is 45.5 meters long from east to west, 8 meters high and 2.02meters thick. It is the largest and oldest existing dragon wall in China. It canbe called the first dragon wall in China. The top of the wall is covered withglazed tiles, and the top is supported by glazed brackets. The wall is made of426 pieces of specially made multicolored glass. Nine flying dragons aremajestic and soaring on the wall. On both sides is the pattern of sun and gap of the dragon is filled with the patterns of rocks, flowers and the bottom of the wall is xumizuo, 2.09 meters high, with 41 groups of ErlongXizhu patterns carved on it. The waist is made up of 75 pieces of glass bricks,with various animal images such as cattle, horses, sheep, dogs, deer andrabbits. The most beautiful time of the nine dragon wall is when the sun that time, the nine dragon wall is bathed in the dazzling brilliance, and thegiant dragon seems to travel through the flowing clouds, just like the realdragon reappearance, which is fascinating.
Different from Beihai in Beijing and Jiulongbi in the Forbidden City, theDragon claws of Jiulongbi in Datong are four clawed dragons, which distinguishesthe status of the Daiwang and the emperor, but it also shows the status ofDaiwang in the current Dynasty.
After appreciating the majestic momentum of Jiulongbi, you must be verycurious about the origin of Jiulongbi. Ha ha, don't worry about it. Next, let mesay it for you. It's like this: Zhu GUI, the 13th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, theemperor of Ming Dynasty, didn't read poetry since he was a child. He wasstubborn and eccentric. He didn't dare to give stars to the moon, and hecouldn't get a pig's tail or a cow's head. Zhu Yuanzhang made him king of Yuwhen he was enfeoffed as a vassal king, and later he was changed to a king ofDai Dynasty to guard Datong. When Daiwang arrived in Datong, he often killedpeople for no reason in the streets. People in Datong called him "LengzhengDaiwang" behind his back. Xu Shi, the imperial concubine of Dai Wang, was anugly and jealous shrew. She once painted the two beautiful girls of Dai Wangblack on the bottom of the pot to vent their jealousy. In this way, the couplestirred up Datong City and the people were in dire straits.
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the king of Yan to succeed to the throne,the king of Dai made a big fuss in the golden palace, shouting that he wouldbecome emperor too. Zhu Yuanzhang had no choice but to build large-scalebuildings and palaces in the city of Datong, so that the Daiwang could live anemperor's life. Up to now, there are street names such as "Huangcheng Street","Zhengdian Street" and "Donghuamen" in the ancient city of Datong, which are theruins of the old imperial palace.
One day, this Leng Wang Ye suddenly wants to go to Yan Di to see his fourthbrother Zhu Di. The king of Yan was annoyed and afraid of him, but he had nochoice but to entertain him with a small feast for three days and a big feastfor five days. One day, Dai Wang strolled outside the palace full of wine andfood. When he saw that a new glazed nine dragon wall had been built in front ofthe palace, he clamored to build one in front of the palace of Datong, andbrought the design back to Datong. When the princess found out, she asked forhelp
It must be two feet longer, two feet higher and two inches thicker than theDragon Wall in the palace of King Yan. The king of Dai had no choice but toagree. Therefore, the Dragon Wall in Datong is the largest in scale, and the onein the Forbidden City can't match it.
Half a year later, nine dragon wall was built. Zhu GUI, the king of DaiDynasty, Xu Da, the old general, and his daughter, Xu Shi, went up to the citytower to watch. In the sun, the glazed tiles on the top of the wall weredazzling, and the nine colored glass dragons on the wall were lifelike. Daiwangcheered with joy. After a while, the clouds were thick and it began to the palace lanterns were all on, through the rain curtain, the colorfulwall was bathed in Jiulong water. It was complicated and confusing, and had aspecial taste. So there was the saying of playing Dragon in the rain.
The king called out again, and suddenly there were three thunders in theair. Zhu GUI was startled. In a trance, he saw two dragons flying from the sky,black and yellow, spitting water like a spring in front of the wall. It turnedout that the dragon on the Dragon Wall confused the real with the fake, whichattracted the giant dragon in the sky to send rain. After the rain, the rainbowis in the sky, the sunset is red, and the Jiulongbi which has been bathed ismore dazzling. Dai Wang orders people to go to find out if there are any scarson the dragon wall. The people who came back reported that jinpocang behindlongbi was blasted out of two wells, one sweet and one bitter, within threesteps. Now jinpocang has two wells, which is also a scene of Jiulongbi. Therewas also a pit in front of the dragon wall, which was filled with green Wang asked people to build a pool in front of the wall. Water from two wellsis introduced into the pool, sweet water is used for food, and bitter water isused for treatment. The nine dragons are reflected in the water. The wind blowsand the water moves. It's like a dragon playing in the water. It becomes anotherscene of the nine dragon wall.
Well, that's all for the explanation. Next, let's enjoy it by er here in 2 hours. Have a nice trip!
At present, the place where we are is Xuankong Temple. The characteristicsof the whole Xuankong Temple can be summarized in three words, that is,"strange, dangerous and clever".
In Xuankong Temple, we will find that there are many statues in XuankongTemple, but three of them are the most precious. The reason why they are nobleis that their molding art is very unique, and they are made by the process ofyarn stripping. It is 50cm high and weighs only 3kg. It is the lightest and mostvaluable statue in the temple.
Then the second and third part of Xuankong Temple is the real wooden pillars outside give people the feeling that they support the wholetemple by more than a dozen wooden pillars. In fact, most of those woodenpillars are not load-bearing. We can see that the plank road connects each e are some beams under the plank road. These beams are inserted into therock. During the construction, the rock is chiseled out of the small belly largestone cave, and the tapered wooden wedge is placed inside, Make the crossbeaminto a scissor shape and smash it with a strong force. The greater the force onthe outside, the tighter the bite on the inside. They press the force on therock.
As we all know, Hengshan has always been a place for military strategists,so the rulers of each dynasty have their own religion to worship, and the threereligions hall is a collection of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, which willbe protected in any dynasty. This is also a political reason why Xuankong Templewill not be destroyed for thousands of years.
Now let me show you around the hanging temple.
hello everyone!
Datong, a city under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Province, is one of thefirst batch of 24 national historical and cultural cities in China, one of thefirst batch of 13 larger cities in China, one of the nine ancient capitals inChina, national new energy demonstration city, China's excellent tourism city,National Garden City, National double support model city, nationaltransportation hub city, China's sculpture City, and China's top ten sports andleisure city.
Datong is the vice central city of Shanxi Province and the second largestcity in Shanxi Province. It is located in the center of Datong Basin in thenorth of Shanxi Province, the junction of Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, andthe northeast edge of the Loess Plateau. In fact, it is the barrier of the wholeShanxi Province, the gateway of the north, and the throat of Shanxi, Hebei andInner Mongolia. It is a place that must be contested by military strategists inthe past dynasties.
Datong, formerly known as Yunzhong and Pingcheng in ancient times, was thecapital of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the capital of Liao and Jin e are many historic sites in Datong, including Yungang Grottoes, HuayanTemple, Shanhua temple, Hengshan Xuankong Temple, Jiulongbi, etc.
Datong is one of the largest coal energy bases in China, the national heavychemical energy base, the midpoint of Shenfu, Zhungeer emerging energy zone andBeijing Tianjin Tangshan developed industrial zone. It is known as "PhoenixCity" and "coal capital of China".
Datong, a city with unique natural and geographical conditions, hasachieved remarkable results in urban greening and garden coverage after years ofinvestment and construction. On January 14, 20__, Datong City was officiallynamed "national garden city" by the Ministry of housing and urban ruraldevelopment.
Xuankong Temple is located at the foot of Hengshan Mountain, on the Xiyancliff in Jinlong gorge, five kilometers south of Hunyuan County, Datong e ancient times, it has been listed as the first wonder of HengshanMountain.
Looking up, you can see that the distribution of the halls and towers issymmetrical with changes, scattered with connections, zigzag and looping,virtual and real with each other, small and exquisite, rich in space, changeablein levels, small in size, big in size, small in size, small in size, compact inlayout, scattered and dependent. Its layout is not only different from that ofthe central axis of the Pingchuan temple, which is symmetrical to the left andright, but also different from that of the mountain palace which is graduallyrising along the mountain, They are all constructed according to the concave andconvex of the cliff, the shape of the cliff and the situation of the cliff. Theyare naturally arranged in the air. They seem to be stacked and scattered, andthe changes are subtle, so that the combination of shapes and spatial contrastachieve an orderly artistic effect. Looking at the temple from afar, it lookslike a pair of exquisite relief sculptures, inlaid in the cliffs of ten thousandRen. Looking at the temple from a close perspective, it has the potential offlying in the air.
Xuankong Temple is not only breathtaking, strange and spectacular inappearance, but also has distinctive architectural structure with rich andcolorful forms. The eaves have single eaves, double eaves and three-tier eaves,the mast structure has beam lifting structure, flat roof structure and bucketarch structure, and the roof has main ridge, vertical ridge, berm ridge and poorridge. The overall appearance, skillfully constructed and overlapped, creates aunique style of building in the cave, cave in the building, half wall hall, halfwall cave, cave connected hall and hall connected building. It not onlyintegrates the art of Chinese garden architecture, but also does not lose thepattern of Chinese traditional architecture.
Among the existing bronze, iron, clay and stone sculptures in XuankongTemple, many styles and styles have the characteristics of early times, whichare treasures of high artistic value.
Now you have 30 minutes of free browsing time. Please pay attention to yoursafety and come back here on time.
尊敬的各位領導(各位遊客朋友)大家好!歡迎您們來到有著?鹽茶古道，長壽古鎮?之稱的大同鎮檢查指導工作(旅遊觀光)，(自我介紹)。現在各位所站的地方就是古鎮的入口處，大家前面所看到的就是大同古鎮了。東晉穆帝永和年間(公元345年)，在今赤水設臵安樂縣，大同這裡就有居民集聚，古時叫蠻峒子場，南宋時叫大洞場。清末時，大洞場赴日留學生陳玉生、陳玉昆在日本留學期間受孫中山、黃興等人思想影響，學成回國後，服務鄉祉，便將大洞場改為大同場，意在響應孫中山先生所倡導的?世界為公，天下大同?的思想。於是才有了今天大同鎮的鎮名。
古鎮入口到陳貢珊碑——
大家現在看到的這條河是赤水河的一級支流——大同河，大同河古為蠻峒河，又名鰲溪、勞溪、厚溪、竹溪。鰲，是龍的孩子，?一龍生九子，九子都姓鰲?。大同河作為龍的孩子，源自四川省敘永縣，在切角埡處匯入赤水河，赤水河在四川合江匯入母親河長江。大同河干流全長60公里，流域面積1040平方公里，全河落差89米。經赤水境為25公里，流域面積185平方公里，落差45米。在上個世紀陸路交通還不便捷時，這條河是一條重要的水路交通運輸通道。
大同古鎮是典型的山水古鎮，也是貴州省歷史文化名鎮，是所轄區域地理位臵和經濟文化中心，交通要衝，軍事據點。它和其它古鎮一樣，串架接廬，對面鋪店。它與眾不同的是有著依山就勢的街道，立柱木板壁街面，臨溪鴿籠式吊腳樓，淳樸敦厚的民風。慶幸的是，__大串連時公路還不通大
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同，紅浪尚未波及到被鄉民深藏著的‘四舊’，才有今天的古廟、古碑、古牌坊，才有吊腳樓的木雕、瓜望、簷撐、閣樓，才有今天的古樸民風、鄉土民俗。正因為大同鄉民的人心存古，這些不能再生的文物、千百年傳承下來的文化遺產才得以保護，才有今天大家看到的完美的大同古鎮。
陳貢珊碑——
大家看到這裡立有幾塊碑，當地人喊這裡叫碑灣。碑灣有四塊大石碑，三塊德政碑一塊義渡碑。它紀錄了三個清代官員和一個開明紳士為大同古鎮鄉民所做的貢獻，每塊碑都有一個傳奇的故事。
第一塊碑是?清封朝議大夫陳貢珊先生紀念碑?，碑高3.5米，寬1.6米，厚0.4米。據專家考證，該碑為全省現有最高的單體石碑，為遵義市文物保護單位。中間大字為柳體楷書?清封朝議大夫陳貢珊先生紀念碑?。兩旁小字，是前清甲午科舉人王家槐為紀念碑撰的敘文。每側7行，共14行。每行48字，計624字。
陳貢珊，仁懷廳大洞場人。他在地方政績卓著，清朝皇帝誥封他為?朝議大夫?(文階從四品，相當於現在的全國政協常委員。)後代陳玉生、陳玉昆和侄兒陳念貽，均為清末日本留學生。三人在日本時與孫中山先生、黃興先生有過交往。三人回到家鄉造福鄉址。
碑文記敘了陳貢珊在大同古鎮組織團練、保境安民、重視教育、開文明風尚、教化鄉民等業績。陳公的所作所為，雖受時代侷限。但許多東西，現在為官者可以借鑑，民眾可以學習。
(導遊要熟讀《清封朝議大夫陳貢珊先生紀念碑》白話文，便於遊客提出些問題好答覆。)
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第二塊碑是?□(永)葆遺愛。道光乙已年春三月吉旦，平樾峰大老爺德政碑，河西里士民約客公立。?這塊碑是河西里的士大夫、庶民、商客為道光二十三年(1844年)五月任仁懷廳直立同知平樾峰平大人樹的德政碑。平樾峰號平翰，浙江山陰縣人，監生出生。平大人道光二十四年十月卸任。這碑是道光乙已即二十五年(1845年)三月立的，平大人已卸任半年。
第三塊是?同治庚午菊月，欽加知府銜奏署、貴州仁懷直隸軍民府正堂敖大老爺德政，河西里士庶約客公立。?是河西里(河西里轄丙灘一甲，大洞二甲，大壩山三甲，寶源四甲。)的士大夫和庶民、邀約外來經商設號的各位，一起為同治八年(1870年)十二月上任仁懷直隸同知敖京友敖大人樹的德政碑，同治的庚午是同治九年(1871年)九月立的碑。敖京友字蘭生，四川榮昌縣人，副榜出生。同治十年(1872年)卸任。----
第四塊碑是?民國二十九年歲次庚辰全月下浣吉旦，廖公義渡。?是1940年臘月，下浣(每月30天，前10天為上浣，中10天為中浣，後10天為下浣。)立的。是為了紀念清代監生廖輔元的，他為關灘渡口捐舍錢和田地來開支渡工工資，鄉民懷念他的義舉，為他刻碑以昭後世。
?天地之間有把稱，這稱砣就是老百姓?這歌詞不假。古鎮百姓和天下百姓一樣，只要誰為他們做了一點好事，百姓會感恩戴德，樹碑立傳。百姓懷念清官，憎恨貪官汙吏，體現古鎮鄉民愛憎分明的美德。畏威懷德，是古鎮百姓的肚量。古鎮百姓就是這樣淳樸善良。
路邊竹欄杆——
外用竹子，內部挖空，填築水泥，美化景觀，保護安全，從碑灣到下碼頭共400多米長。
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碼頭黃葛樹到三口之家處——
有古樹的地方就有人家，這是大同古鎮的特色。建房的人選擇枝粗葉茂的樹旁修房有三個理由(可以採用提問式):一是樹子都這樣茂盛，這裡的土地一定肥沃，附近的土壤一定適合農作物生長;二是水源一定好;三是樹大葉茂可遮陰，樹下是休閒的好地方。
三口之家處——
大家來看這三根黃桷樹，都有兩、三抱大，樹頭的粗根緊緊地抱著大同河岸的石頭，樹幹、樹枝斜傾伸向河面。有兩棵樹的主枝相互扣合在一起，像老夫婦枯皺的手臂挽在一起，是攙扶，是依靠，是廝守，是永恆戀情，倆老恩恩愛愛，執著忠貞。更為奇怪的是，在兩棵樹間的石頭上長了一棵一尺直徑左右的小黃桷樹。像它倆的獨生子，在它倆的翼下茁壯成長。這?三口之家?，住居是那麼簡陋，家業是那麼脊貧，沒有土地，卻不離不棄死死地抱著這塊鄉土。
老來得子---
看此處有棵枝葉茂盛的黃桷樹，而在它的旁邊則有棵正在茁壯成長的小樹，老人們愛這兩棵樹取了個?老來得子?的名字，我想這意味著發展，象徵著與時俱進。
青蛙石
解放前，地方老大立碑，挑米夫每人舀出一碗米放在這裡，方可經過。大同河經過大同古鎮而出赤水河，大同古鎮鄉民利用大同河運輸，是通過碼頭來接觸河道的。古鎮河邊建了三個古碼頭。沙灣有個沙灣碼頭，是渡口和挑水碼頭;田彎頭洞子碼頭叫上碼頭，是馬鞍石灘口上面的小船碼頭;
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這個月亮潭邊的叫下碼頭，是停船舶、竹木筏和運儲物資的碼頭，運往四川敘永、古藺的鹽，船裝到這裡再啟上岸，人工從播敘古道運去的。
同天同地各春秋---
(下碼頭旁)大家看這三棵黃葛樹樹，每根相距不到20米，它們的根都在河邊的石頭上，相互串繞。就是說?根連根，枝牽繞?。都吮吸著古鎮的甜水，沐浴著大同的陽光，享受著鄉民的呵護。但這三棵的葉芽萌發期不同。當這棵樹剛爆芽，另一棵則是葉綠茂盛，還有一棵的葉便枯黃凋謝，同一時間演繹著春、夏、秋、冬四季葉的變化。它是怕遊人欣賞古樹時感到單調，只覺春天美，而忘記了蕭殺秋風;只戀夏日濃密樹葉下的陰涼，而忘記嚴冬凋零的疏枝;也不要只為冬枝而嘆息，它在冰雪中孕育春芽，越過寒冬，換上青翠欲滴新衫。這又和大同人三代人各執其事竟有如此的相同。大家給了這三棵樹一個雅號?同天同地各春秋?。
石碾盤——
原是油坊，做桐油和茶油，桐油做為桐油燈的燈油之用，是採取山上桐梓樹的果子榨取而來。茶油做為飲食之用，是採集山上茶樹的果子榨取而來。將採來的果子烘乾，放在石碾盤上將其碾碎後蒸熟，最後榨成油。
後又是米坊、鐵鋪、染坊、糟坊(酒坊)。 下碼頭---
從大同下街入場口下坡到大同河邊，是一條寬闊的石級大道，是行人通道。靠壁半邊是斜坡，便於板車通行。碼頭到街口長33米，寬4.5米。臨水幾級石梯是半圓形平臺，半徑為11.5米。大家看平臺左側這一堆天然巨石，巨石上鑿有石鼻眼、石樁，是拴船筏之用。從石鼻眼的光滑程度，石樁
雲岡石窟:雲岡石窟位於大同市西16公里的武周山麓，武州川的北岸。石窟依山開鑿，東西綿延一公里。現存主要洞窟45個，計1100多個小龕，大小造像51000餘尊，它是我國規模最大的石窟群之一，也是世界聞名的藝術寶庫。1961年國務院公佈為第一批全國重點文物單位。 雲岡石窟是在北魏中期齊鑿的。北魏經歷了"太武滅佛"、"文成復法"。文成帝和平年間(460——465)雲岡石窟開始大規模營造，到孝明帝正光五年(524)建成，前後計60多年。初由著名的高僧曇曜主持，"於京城西武州塞，鑿山石壁，開窟五所"。現第16至20窟就是"曇曜五窟"。現存洞窟大部分鑿於太和十八年(494)遷洛前。據《水經注》記載，當時"鑿石開山，因巖結構，真容巨壯，世法所希。山堂水殿，煙寺相望，林淵錦鏡，綴日新眺"。 雲岡石窟雕刻在我國三大石窟中以造像氣魄雄偉、內容豐富多彩見稱。最小的佛像2公分。最大的高達17米，多為神態各異的教人物形象。石窟有形制多樣的仿木構建築物，有主題突出的佛傳浮雕，有精雕細刻的裝飾紋樣，還有栩栩如生的樂舞雕刻，生動活潑，琳琅滿目。其雕刻藝術繼承並發展了秦漢雕刻藝術傳統，吸收和融合了佛教藝術的精華，具有獨特的藝術風格。對後來隋唐藝術的發展產生了深遠的影響，在我國藝術史上佔有重要地位，也是中國與亞洲國家友好往來、文化交流的歷史。 雲岡第五、六窟在雲岡石窟群中部，為孝文帝遷洛前約465——494年開鑿的一組雙窟。廟前有清順治八年(1651)建造的五間四層木樓閣，柱欄，琉璃瓦頂，頗為壯觀。第五窟開作橢圓形草廬形式，分前後室。後室北壁本尊為釋迦牟尼坐像，高17米，為雲岡最大的佛像，外部經唐代泥塑重灌。窟內滿雕佛龕造像。窟西側刻有兩佛對坐在樹下，頂部浮雕，線條優美。第6窟平面近方形，中央是一個連線窟頂的二層方形塔往，高約14米，塔柱上雕有四方佛，四角各有一座九層出簷小塔，馱於象背上。窟四壁滿雕佛、羅漢、等造像。窟頂有三十三諸天及各種騎乘，令人目不暇接。環繞塔柱四面和東南西三壁的中下部，刻有33幅描寫釋迦牟尼從誕生到成道的佛傳故事浮雕，內容連貫，構圖精巧。此窟規模巨集偉，雕飾富麗，內容豐富，技法精煉，是雲岡石窟中有代表性的一窟，也是中期造像藝術彙集的大檢閱。 雲岡第七、八窟位於雲岡石窟的中部，為一組雙窟，是雲岡石窟第二期開鑿較早的石窟。七窟前現存的木構建築，是清順治八年(1651)修建。七、八窟平面均為長方形，窟內佈局上下分層，左右分段。七窟後室北壁上層天幕龕的中央，雕一交腳像，坐於獅子座上，左右備一倚坐佛像，邊為二脅侍。內容仍為三世佛，且出現了造像組合。下龕為釋迦、多寶二佛並坐像。壁與窟頂相接處雕一排伎樂人像，各執樂器演奏。東西兩壁對稱開鑿，壁與頂部相接處雕一排千佛。下分四層雕有八個不同的佛龕。南壁鑿有一門一窗，左右兩側各雕四個佛龕。門窗間有六個供養人和伎樂天人像。明窗內雕和禪定比丘。內拱內雕力上、天王和。頂部分格雕平棋，中為團蓮，周雕，把整個窟頂裝飾得花團錦簇。第七、八窟與前期窟群比，在形制、內容、造像構成、題材等方面出現了諸多變化，從中折射出北魏社會變革的。 曇曜五窟現編號第16——20窟，是由曇曜主持開鑿的第一期窟洞，也是雲岡石窟最引人注目的部分之一。據《魏書·釋老志》載："和平初，......曇曜白帝，於京城西武州塞，鑿山石壁，開窟五所，鐫建佛各一，高者七十尺，次六十尺，雕飾奇偉，冠於一世。"以道武、明元、太武、景穆、文成五帝為楷模，雕刻五尊大像。這五窟規模巨集大，氣魄雄偉。形制上共同特點是外壁滿雕千佛，大體上都摹擬橢圓形的草廬形式， 無後室。造像主要是三世佛(過去、未來、現在)，主佛形體高大，佔窟內主要。第16窟本尊釋迦立像高13.5米，而相清秀，英俊瀟灑。第17窟正中為裝的交腳坐像，高15.6米，窟小像大，咄咄逼人。 第18窟本尊為身披千佛袈裟的釋迦立像，高15.5米，氣勢磅礴;東壁上層的眾造像造型奇特，技法嫻熟。第19窟本尊為釋迦坐像，高16.8米，為雲岡第二大造像。第20窟為露天造像，正中為釋迦坐像，高13.75米，為雲岡石窟的代表作，面都半圓，深目高鼻，眼大脣薄。大耳垂肩，兩肩齊挺，造型雄偉，氣勢渾厚。 雲岡五華洞位於雲岡石窟中部的第9——13窟。這五窟因請代施泥彩繪而得名。第9、10窟為一組前後室結構的雙窟，建於北魏孝文帝太和八年(484)，太和十三年竣工，遼代曾在此興建崇福寺。兩窟平面近方形。前定南壁鑿成八角列柱，東西壁上部雕出三間訪木構建築的佛龕，餘壁滿雕佛像、。後室窟門上雕有明窗，北壁主佛是釋迦佛。第10窟主像是。後室門拱內外兩面有精雕圖案花紋，結構嚴謹，富於變化。第11——13窟是一組，具有前後窟的第12窟為中心窟。11窟中立方塔柱，塔柱四面上下開龕造像，除南面上龕為外，均為釋迦立像。東壁上部有北魏太和七年(483)造像題記，是研究雲岡開鑿史的重要資料。窟東北有太和二十年(496)銘龕和七佛立像。第12窟前正室和東西壁上部均雕出三間仿木構建築屋形佛龕，前列兩柱，洞開三門，窟頂雕有伎樂天，手持排簫、琵琶、橫笛、束腰鼓等樂器，是研究音樂史的重要資料。第13窟本尊是交腳，高約13米，右臂下雕一力士託扛，既產生了力學作用，又兼具裝飾效果。南壁上層的七佛立像和東壁下層的供養天人，皆為窟中精品。東壁佛龕形制各異。五華洞雕飾綺麗，豐富多彩，是研究北魏歷史、藝術、音樂、舞蹈、書法和建築的珍貴資料，為雲岡石窟群的重要組成部分。 雲岡東部窟群，指雲岡石窟東端1——4，均為塔洞。第1、2窟為同期開的一組，鑿於孝文帝遷洛前，窟內中央雕造方形塔柱，四面開龕造像。第一窟主像是，塔南面下層雕釋迦多寶像，上層雕釋迦像。浮雕五層小塔，是研究北魏建築的形象資料。第二窟是釋迦像，塔南面下層雕釋迦多寶像，上層雕三世佛。兩窟南壁窟門兩側都雕有維摩、文殊。第三窟為雲岡石窟中規模最大的洞窟，前立壁高約25米，傳為曇曜譯經樓。窟分前後兩室。前室上部左右各雕一塔，中雕方形窟室，主像為，壁面滿雕千佛。後室南面兩側雕刻有面貌圓潤、肌肉豐滿、農紋流暢的一佛三。坐像高約10米，二立像高6.2米。從風格和雕刻手法上看，很可能是初唐時的作品。第四窟風化水蝕嚴重，南壁窟門上方有北魏正光年間銘記，是雲岡石窟現存最晚的銘記。 雲岡西部窟群包括雲岡石窟西部第21至45窟，以及一些未編號的小窟小龕。大多屬於北魏太和十八年(494)以後的作品。其特點是不成組的窟多，中小窟多，作為補刻的小龕多。造像多為瘦骨清相，衣紋下部褶紋重疊，神態文雅秀麗，藻井中飄逸灑脫，具有濃厚的漢化風格，與"龍門期"雕刻十分接近。其中第38窟北壁"幢倒樂神"浮雕，是研究北魏雜伎的形象資料。 第39窟中心五層塔柱，塔身每面作五間，六柱，柱頭上斗拱承托出簷，天平座，每層間闊高度皆小於下層，穩重雋秀，是研究早期造塔的重要資料。第40窟整體佈局巧妙地運用裝飾藝術，使洞窟格式、構圖既有規律，又有變化，提高了石窟藝術的格調。
各位遊客朋友們：
大家好!歡迎大家來到位於塞外古都、煤海之鄉的大同觀光旅遊。我是大家的導遊員楊麗，今天我們將參觀舉世聞名的佛教藝術寶庫———雲岡石窟。它與甘肅敦煌的莫高窟，河南洛陽的龍門石窟並稱為中國三大石窟。
雲岡石窟開鑿於距今1500多年的北魏王朝，現存主要洞窟45個，佛教造像51000多尊，根據武周山勢的自然起伏，雲岡石窟又自然的分成東區、中區和西區三部分。其中第1——4窟為東區，5——13窟為中區，14——45窟為西區。下面我們就先從中區的第5區開始參觀吧。
第5、6窟是一組雙窟，是雲岡石窟中最精彩壯觀、最具代表性的石窟。第5窟為橢圓形的穹窿頂馬蹄形，分前、後兩室，進入高大的後室，首先引入眼簾的是這尊兩腿雙盤、雙手疊放腿上的大佛。這種“吉祥式”坐姿的全結跏趺坐禪定印象，表示著釋迦摩尼佛已進入標準的“靜思維”修行狀態，是佛的坐、立、行、臥“四威儀”，即四個莊嚴地身姿之一。大佛高17米，是雲岡石窟第一大佛。專家們認為這尊大佛是北魏孝文帝為他的父親獻文帝鑿造的佛陀象徵。那麼上述歷史在此窟是否有所體現呢?請各位細看，大佛頭頂為藍色螺髻，面龐方圓，細眼長眉，鼻樑高直，脣含笑意，兩耳垂肩，在端莊、慈祥的神情中透露出神聖、超凡和自信的風貌。尤其是這尊佛像身穿雙領下垂，內衣束結，寬大柔軟而下垂的袈裟，衣紋流暢，給人一種絲的質感。大佛的右側是未來世彌勒佛，左側為過去式燃燈佛。大佛的後面有一個很寬敞的甬道，那是供佛教信徒們禮佛繞行的誦經道。
第6窟是雲岡石窟中以精巧著稱的一窟，稱“第一偉窟”。窟平面呈回字形，窟正中鑿一方形塔柱。在巨大的中心塔柱和整個洞窟的四壁上，雕滿了佛像、菩薩、羅漢、飛天、供養人、瑞鳥、神獸、花卉，形成了一種熱鬧擁擠，美妙神奇的佛國氛圍，主題以歌頌佛母和表現釋迦摩尼一生的成佛弘教經歷為主，因而也叫“佛母洞”。請大家隨我的手勢來觀賞面前這幅關於“右腋誕生”的畫面：古印度有一個小國叫“迦毗羅衛國”，國王叫“淨飯王”，王后叫“摩耶”，他們到了40歲的時候還沒有孩子，非常焦急。有一天，摩耶夫人夢見一位菩薩乘白象而來，後來懷了身孕。按當地習俗，婦女應回孃家分娩。摩耶夫人在快臨產時，在妹妹和僕人的陪侍下回家。半路上，他們到藍毗尼花園休息，剛到一顆菩提樹下，夫人預感快要生產了。於是，一手抓住樹枝，一手在妹妹的攙扶下，從右腋生出了孩子，這就是“喬達摩悉達多”，成佛後被尊為釋迦族聖人的“釋迦摩尼”。
下面我們要參觀的是被譽為雲岡石窟外交官和代表作的第20窟———露天大佛。這尊高達13。7米的結跏趺坐佛像，面容豐滿端莊，雙肩寬厚平直，身披右袒袈裟，呈大日如來吉祥坐禪定印象，是釋迦摩尼對宇宙、社會和人生的一種沉靜思考狀態。這尊大佛便是北魏文成帝拓拔睿的象徵。他恢復佛法，開鑿雲岡石窟，大佛的嘴角微笑神態，表現出佛教徒對他的敬意。距離產生美，角度顯神韻。在這尊露天大佛面前，以不同的距離和角度觀賞，都會產生各種變化著的美及其神韻。
現在給大家20分鐘時間在露天大佛前拍照留念，願大佛炯炯有神的雙眸，略帶微笑的嘴角，給大家留下深刻的回憶，帶來美好的福音。好，20分鐘後我們在這裡集合，謝謝大家合作!
朋友們，今天我們要遊覽的景點是大同的九龍壁。遊覽時間2小時左右，遊覽過程中請不要拍照，更不要觸控壁身。現在呢，請大家再次核對一下旅遊車牌照和小張的手機號，有什麼事情請及時與我聯絡。 九龍壁建於明代洪武末年，是明太祖朱元璋第十三個兒子代王朱桂府前的照壁，與故宮九龍壁、北海九龍壁合稱為“中國三大九龍壁”。可惜王府於崇禎末年毀於兵火。九龍壁因隔和陽街而立才得以儲存。20__年6月25日，大同九龍壁作為明代古建築，被國務院批准列入第五批全國重點文物單位名單。 九龍壁座南朝北，東西長45.5米，壁高8米，厚2.02米，是中國現存規模最大，歷史最悠久的一座龍壁，堪稱中國九龍壁之首。壁頂覆蓋琉璃瓦，頂下由琉璃斗拱支撐。壁面由426塊特製五彩琉璃拼砌而成，9條飛龍氣勢磅礴，飛騰之勢躍然壁上。兩側是日月圖案。龍的間隙由山石、花草圖案填充，相映成趣。壁底是須彌座，高2.09米，上雕41組二龍戲珠圖案。腰部由75塊琉璃磚組成浮雕，有牛、馬、羊、狗、鹿、兔等多種動物形象，生動活潑。九龍壁最美的時候是朝陽升起之時，那時的九龍壁沐浴在耀眼的裡，巨龍彷彿在流雲中穿行，猶如真龍再現，引人入勝。 不同於北海與故宮九龍壁，大同九龍壁的龍爪是四爪龍，這就區別了代王與的地位差別，不過這也足見代王在當朝的地位。 領略了九龍壁的磅礴氣勢，大家一定很好奇九龍壁的來歷吧，呵呵，不急不急，接下來就由我來為大家說道說道~是這樣的：明太祖朱元璋第十三個兒子朱桂從小不讀詩文，秉性頑劣，脾氣古怪，要星星不敢給月亮，吃豬尾巴拿牛頭也換不來。朱元璋在分封藩王時就封他為豫王，後改封代王，鎮守大同。代王到了大同，街裡，經常無故，大同百姓背地叫他“愣怔代王”。而代王的正妃徐氏呢，是個又醜又妒的潑婦，一次竟把代王的兩個漂亮待女滿臉塗上鍋底黑，以洩妒火。就這樣，兩口子把大同城攪得雞犬不寧，。 朱元璋立燕王繼承後，代王就大鬧金殿嚷著也要當。朱元璋沒法子，只好在大同城內大興土木，修建，讓代王過過癮。至今大同古城內還有“皇城街”、“正殿街”、“東華門”等街道名稱，都是舊的遺址。 一天，這位愣王爺忽然想去燕地看四哥朱棣。燕王對他又煩又怕，但又無可奈何，只好捺著性子三天一小宴五天一大宴地款待著。一天代王酒足飯飽在王府外閒逛，看見王府門前新修了一座琉璃九龍壁，就吵嚷著要在大同的前也造一座，並撒潑把圖樣帶回了大同。王妃知道後，要求 一定要比燕王府的龍壁長二尺、高二尺、厚二寸，代王無奈，只好應允，所以大同的九龍壁規模最大，故宮裡的那座也比不了它。 半年以後，九龍壁建成。代王朱桂、老將軍徐達及其女兒王妃徐氏登上城樓憑欄觀賞，陽光下壁頂的琉璃瓦光彩耀眼，壁面上的九條琉璃彩龍栩栩如生。代王高興得大聲叫好。一會兒，濃雲密佈，下起雨來。代王便命人掌燈，宮燈齊亮時，透過雨簾，彩壁上九龍浴水，撲朔迷離，別有一番情趣，於是有了雨中戲龍一說。 代王又叫了一聲好，忽然空中接連三聲驚雷。朱桂一驚，看見從天上飛來一黑一黃兩條龍，在壁前吐水如泉。原來，龍壁上的龍以假亂真，引來天上的巨龍送來了甘霖。雨後彩虹當空，晚霞通紅，沐浴過的九龍壁更加璀璨奪目，代王忙命人前去打探龍壁有無傷痕。回來的人稟報，龍壁後面的金泊倉三步之內被雷炸出了一甜一苦兩眼井，就是現在的金泊倉兩步兩眼井，也是九龍壁一景。龍壁前還被雷轟了一個坑，裡面積滿了碧水，代王就讓人在壁前砌了一個水池。水池引入兩井的水，甜水食用，苦水治病。九條龍倒映在水中，風吹水動，像游龍戲水，成為九龍壁的又一景。 好啦，就到這裡了，下面呢就由大家自己欣賞啦!2小時後在這裡集合，祝您旅途愉快!
今天，我們來到了山西大同。聽說，大同的刀削麵特別出名，像飛刀一樣快。啊!我真是迫不及待的想去試試看看了。來到餐廳，居然還有表演和體驗的。只見在臺子前，一個師傅熟練地從旁邊的盆子裡抓上了一把乾麵粉，均勻地撒在木臺子上。接著，他拿起了一個上面有面粉的木板，用一個不鏽鋼的小剃刀，飛快地削著，削下來的麵條子就是所謂的刀削麵了。那刀削麵真的像山西八大怪中說的一樣，刀削麵真的像飛刀一樣快。不僅快，而且下降的速度很有節奏感，都是先往上，然後往裡過，慢慢的下降，最後一下子飛到了臺子邊緣。我自己的看著，看得目瞪口呆。那些刀削麵不僅速度一樣，而且是一樣薄呢。
“啪”的一聲，我感覺有什麼東西掉到了我頭上，一摸，啊!原來是刀削麵。“小朋友，請不要把頭伸進去。”我心裡還納悶呢。我忽然想起了頭上的刀削麵，一看。原來是我的頭伸到臺子上了!過了一會兒，當面團只剩下一半的時候，師傅停下了。我心裡一愣，不知道他想幹什麼。接著，其他人就開始排隊了。我恍然間明白了，從隊伍中間插了進去，然後被擠了出來，又回到了隊伍末尾。我吐吐舌頭，等待著。等到我的時候，我先很酷地挽起了我的短袖的袖子，深呼吸了一下，然後拿起了剃刀和木板，準備向大家露一手。但是，事情比我想象的難多了。
我先前是拿著剃刀不知道怎麼剃，然後撓了撓腦袋，想起了刀削麵是像削水果一樣削的，但我忘記了是往上削還是往下削。於是我想：刀削麵是從上到下降落的，那應該就是往上削吧!於是我開始往上削。第一次刀削麵降落在了我面前，我挺得意;第二次刀削麵掉下去了;第三次我可倒黴了，刀削麵不知道飛哪去了。這時，表姐笑了起來，我有點迷惑，有一種不祥的預感。我一般想問題都要摸摸頭，我一摸……啊!我叫了起來，原來又是掉在我頭上了。剛剛沒擦，刀削麵在我的頭上堆了起來。我用紙巾把刀削麵擦掉，然後試著往下削。這回我成功了，十分開心。啊!做刀削麵真好玩!
大家好!
大同，山西省省轄市，是中國首批24個國家歷史文化名城之一、中國首批13個較大的市之一、中國九大古都之一、國家新能源示範城市、中國優秀旅遊城市、國家園林城市、全國雙擁模範城市、全國性交通樞紐城市、中國雕塑之都、中國十佳運動休閒城市。
大同是山西省省域副中心城市，山西省第二大城市，位於山西省北部大同盆地的中心、晉冀蒙三省區交界處、黃土高原東北邊緣，實為全晉之屏障、北方之門戶，且扼晉、冀、內蒙之咽喉要道，是歷代兵家必爭之地，有“北方鎖鑰”之稱。
大同古稱雲中、平城，曾是北魏首都，遼、金陪都，境內古蹟眾多，著名的文物古蹟包括雲岡石窟、華嚴寺、善化寺、恆山懸空寺、九龍壁等。
大同是中國最大的煤炭能源基地之一，國家重化工能源基地，神府、準格爾新興能源區與京津唐發達工業區的中點。素有“鳳凰城”和“中國煤都”之稱。
大同這座有著獨特自然地理條件的城市，歷經多年的投資與建設，城市綠化與園林覆蓋取得明顯效果。20xx年1月14日，大同市被國家住建部正式命名為“國家園林城市”。
春天,那裡萬物復甦,泉水丁冬,小花在溫暖的陽光下照耀著,為人們展示出了自己美麗的面貌,她就像害羞的小姑娘掩面而笑.她那誘人的魅力,讓你感覺到像是沉浮在花海中.小草也微微探出頭來,風姑娘輕輕的撫摸著她那幼小的身軀,在風姑娘的幫助下她把身子傾斜過來,好像要告訴人們她現在非常舒服.柳樹也抽出了點點翠綠的嫩芽,從遠處看,好象是綠色的霧瀰漫了整個“世界”.柳樹甩著長長的辮子,迎風起舞.它們有節奏的來回搖擺,好象在歡迎我們的到來.
夏天,到了晚上,抬頭仰望天空,天空就像平靜的海面湛藍,靜謐.星星像一顆顆寶石閃爍著光芒,又像頑皮的小孩眨著眼睛.天空是多麼的美麗啊!大同的晚上是最美麗的時候,傍晚坐在院子裡,柔和的微風從你耳邊吹過,你的頭髮時而立,時而倒;時而前,時而後;有節奏的“跳動”著.這裡雖然是夏天,但你絲毫感覺不到炎熱.
秋天,正是豐收的好季節.大地產下了它豐碩的果實:沉甸甸的稻子,金黃色的麥穗,又大又紅的地瓜,紅彤彤的蘋果等等.各種五顏六色的菊花,月季,桂花等在濃露之下閃耀著,一點兒沒有褪色.
這裡的冬天更是美麗,早晨推開門出去時,刺骨的寒風呼呼的吹著,不時的向我襲來.並且,偶爾會有頑皮的小雪花紛紛揚揚的落下來,就像跳舞一樣.六角形的雪花各式各樣：有的像銀針,有的像落葉,還有的像碎紙片……煞是好看.這美麗的雪景使人們沉浸在清新的空氣裡.到處銀裝素裹,美不勝收.冬姑娘真是心靈手巧啊!付出一年辛勤勞動的人們,更是感受到豐收的喜悅.
這就是我的家鄉——大同,美麗有可愛,我愛我的家鄉!
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