滇池屬富營型湖泊，部分呈異常營養徵兆，水色暗黃綠，內湖有機汙染嚴重、有機有害汙染嚴重，汙染髮展較快，外湖部分水體已受有機物汙染，有毒有害汙染(主要是指重金屬汙染)尚不突出，氮、磷、重金屬及砷大量沉積於湖底，致使底質汙染嚴重，滇池近百年來已處於“老年型”湖泊狀況;年均水溫16℃;80年代未調查結果表明：隨著滇池生態環境的變化，導致魚類產卵、孵化場地的生態環境破壞、並加之過度捕撈和魚類種群間相互作用等因素影響，使滇池魚類種群發生巨大變化，土著魚種僅存4種、土著魚種瀕於滅絕，如肉嫩味美的金線魚現己滅絕，外來魚種
形態描述滇池呈南北向分佈，湖體略呈弓形，弓背向東，東北部有一天然沙堤，長4千米，將滇池分為南北兩部分，稱為外湖和內湖;海拔1887.5米，總面積311.338平方公里，其中內湖面積10.67平方公里，外湖面積287.1平方公里，湖長41.2千米，最大寬度13.3千米，平均寬度7.56米，最大水深11.3米，平均水深5.12米，容積15.931億立方米;底質內湖肥，有很厚的淤泥，動植物殘體、黑色，有極臭味，外湖較肥，褐黃色，有骸泥;上游河流主要有盤龍江、寶象河、新河、運糧河、馬料河、大青河、洛龍河、撈漁河、樑王河...
滇池位於昆明市南的西山腳下，其北端緊鄰昆明市大觀公園，南端至晉寧縣內，距市區5公里，歷史上這裡一直是度假觀光和避暑的勝地。滇池古名滇南澤，又名昆明湖，距昆明市約20公里。滇池東南北三面有盤龍江等20餘條河流匯入，湖水由西面海口流出，經普渡河而入金沙江。形似弦月，南北長39公里，東西寬13.5公里，平均寬度約8公里。湖岸線長約200公里;湖面面積300平方公里，居雲南省首位，湖水最大深度8米，平均深度5米，蓄水量15.7億立方米，素稱“五百里滇池”。是中國第六大內陸淡水湖。
滇池是受第三紀喜馬拉雅山地殼運動的影響而構成的高原石灰岩斷層陷落湖，海拔1886米，滇池周圍有大小數十個山峰，山環水抱，天光雲影，構成一幅美麗的天然畫卷。
滇池，湖光山色十分壯麗，水面寬闊。站在龍門上，居高臨下，滇池盡收眼底，有“高原明珠”之稱。其迷人之處更在於它一日之內，隨著天際日色、雲彩的變化而變幻無窮。滇池水面寬闊，不但是旅遊的好去處，還極有經濟價值，航運、漁業、灌溉、供水等。滇池周圍風景名勝眾多，與西山森林公園、大觀公園等隔水相望，雲南民族村、國家體育訓練基地、雲南民族博物館等既相聯成片又相對獨立，互為依託，是遊覽、娛樂、度假的理想場所。 1988年，滇池以昆明滇池風景名勝區的名義，被國務院批准列入第二批國家級風景名勝區名單。
滇池名稱的由來可歸納為三種說法。一是從地理形態上看，晉人常璩《華陽國志·南中志》中說：“滇池縣，郡治，故滇國也;有澤，水周圍二百里，所出深廣，下流淺狹，如倒流，故曰滇池。”另一種說法是尋音考義，認為“滇顛也，言最高之頂。”也有的認為是彝族die(甸)即大壩子。第三種說法，是從民族稱謂來考查，《史記·西南夷列傳》有記載：“滇”，在古代是這一地區最大的部落名稱，楚將莊蹻進滇後，變服隨俗稱滇王，故有滇池部落，才有滇池名。
滇池水域，群山環抱，河流縱橫，良田萬頃，人稱“高原江南”。在池的周圍，有漁村和風帆點綴的觀音山風景區;有花光樹影的白魚口空谷園;有綿亙數裡，水淨沙明的海埂湖濱浴場和秀美雋逸的大觀樓公園等等，都是十分愜意的遊覽之地，特別是在綠波盪漾的彼岸，巍峨雄壯的西山之巔，水浮雲掩。那湖泊的秀麗與大海般玄境便呈現在你的眼前。滇池既有湖泊的秀麗，亦有大海的氣魄。
現在的滇池，已是全國首批批准建立的十二個國家級旅遊度假區之一，也是唯一設在內陸省的國家級度假區。海埂公園緊靠滇池湖畔，整個公園沿滇池湖岸而建。垂柳綠荔枝、白浪沙灘，一派多姿多彩的南疆風光，是理想的天然游泳場。在公園眺望湖對面高山上的西山森林公園，更覺賞心悅目。若是想登上西山遊玩，公園裡的大壩碼頭上，有漁民駕駛的漁船可渡過水麵到達西山腳下;也可到海埂民族村坐纜車上西山，從纜車上俯視滇池，千重波濤，湖光山色盡收眼底。
滇池又是昆明風景名勝的中心，遊客既可乘船環湖遊覽觀賞湖光山色，又能上岸一覽鄭和故里、觀音山等風景名勝。
滇池汙染是一個令人揪心的話題。為了淨化這五百里滇池的渾濁波濤，“七五”以來國家和雲南省相繼投入滇池汙染治理的經費突破了40億元。這些來自中央、地方政府的款項和世界銀行的貸款雖然有效地緩解了滇池生態環境的惡化，卻未完全根治滇池汙染。目前仍屬5類重汙染湖泊。
近年來滇池的汙染十分嚴重，被國務院列為重點治理的“三湖三河”之一。滇池汙染經歷了一個長期而複雜的過程。水質汙染從70年代後期開始，進入80年代，特別是90年代，富營養化日趨嚴重。造成滇池水汙染的原因：一是滇池地處昆明城市下游，是滇池盆地最低凹地帶;二是生活汙水進入滇池;三是工業廢水進入滇池;四是農業面源汙染;五是滇池流域城鎮化迅速發展;六是滇池屬於半封閉性湖泊，缺乏充足的潔淨水對湖泊水體進行置換;七是在自然演化過程中，湖面縮小，湖盆變淺，進入老齡化階段，內源汙染物堆積，汙染嚴重。
Kunming is located in the middle of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, with a historyof more than 2400 years. The elevation of the city center is 1891 meters. It isclose to Dianchi Lake in the South and surrounded by mountains on three to the influence of the warm and humid air flow in the southwest of theIndian Ocean, it has long sunshine, short frost period and an average annualtemperature of 15 ℃. The climate is mild, summer is not hot, winter is not cold,four seasons such as spring, pleasant climate, is very famous "Spring City". Forthis reason, the predecessors have described its characteristics as follows:there is no fur in the December moon of Kunming, the light cotton sweats in thedog days, the plum blossoms in the middle of winter, and the new year leaves ofLiushu will be thick. From December to march of the next year, groups of redheaded gulls, which escape the cold wind in the northern sea area, come fromafar and settle in Kunming city.
Kunming, with an altitude of 746 meters to 4247 meters, covers an area of15942 square kilometers and a built-up area of 98 square kilometers. It isdirectly under the jurisdiction of Panlong, Wuhua, Xishan and Guandu, and eightcounties of Chenggong, Jinning, Anning, Fumin, Songming, Yiliang, Lunan andLuquan. The population is 3635212. There are 25 ethnic groups, including Han,Yi, Hui, Bai, Miao and Mongolia. The minority population accounts for 12.6%, andthe urban population is 1611969.
250000 years ago, there were ancient human activities in Kunming area. Fromthe 13th century, Kunming became the political, economic and cultural center ofYunnan Province. It is the hub and channel connecting the "ancient Southern SilkRoad" in Southeast Asia and Sichuan Yunnan Vietnam. Kunming is the hometown ofgreat navigator Zheng He and people's musician Nie Er. Patriotic democraticmovements such as the national defense movement and the "one two one" movementcontributed to China's democratic revolution. The long history and diversifiedculture have formed the distinctive characteristics of Kunming today, which are"long history, many historic sites, beautiful scenery, many places of interest,a gathering of talents, many celebrities, early development and manycontacts".
Since the reform and opening up, Kunming's economy has always maintained agood momentum of rapid and healthy development, and its comprehensive economicstrength has entered the advanced ranks in the western region. After years ofdevelopment, it has formed five pillar industries, including cigarette,electromechanical, biological resources, information, business and cultural development is sustained, stable and coordinated, structuraladjustment has achieved remarkable results, and its characteristics areoutstanding. "Dounan flowers" and "Chenggong vegetables" have become well-knownbrands at home and abroad. It is the industrial base of Yunnan Province and animportant industrial city in Southwest China. The proportion of the tertiaryindustry in the national economy is increasing. The rapid development ofCommerce, tourism, information and modern service industries has played animportant role in promoting the economic and social development of the city.
Kunming is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. It isa gathering place of natural landscape and cultural landscape. It is also one ofthe best tourist cities in China. The holding of the World Expo has improvedKunming's popularity in the world. There is no heat in summer, no cold inwinter, four seasons like spring, flowers all year round, known as the "SpringCity" reputation.
Kunming has beautiful mountains and rivers. Kunming has a long history,many nationalities and unique natural conditions, which leave an extremely richcultural relics and scenic spots. Among them, there are 3 national scenic spots,6 national key cultural relics protection units, 66 provincial and municipal keycultural relics protection units, 30 scenic spots, more than 100 scenic spots,11 national tourist routes, 1 provincial scenic spot, ethnic customs with Yunnancharacteristics, 1 large-scale ethnic village, more than 50 Hot Springs, andmore than 400 kinds of flowers It has become a tourism system with Shilin andDianchi Lake as the focus, along Anning Shilin highway as the first line,driving Kunming City and radiating the whole province, integrating tourism,vacation and entertainment.
Kunming is also a multi-ethnic capital city, with fascinating ethniccustoms, numerous historical sites, natural landscape and cultural landscape,depicting a magical and confusing picture.
Kunming is the transportation hub and communication center of YunnanProvince, and China's port facing Southeast Asia. Kunming airport is one of thefive major international airports in China. It has six international routes toYangon, Bangkok, Singapore, one regional route to Hong Kong, about 40 routes tolarge and medium-sized cities in China, and seven routes in the province. Atpresent, there are 12 main and branch lines from Kunming to Chengdu, Kunming toGuiyang, Kunming to Hekou, as well as Kunming to Nanning, as well as the vastnumber of Railways in the province, Kunyu railway, etc. Kunming's roads extendin all directions, with more than 5000 kilometers of roads leading to all partsof the province and neighboring provinces.
Facing the new situation and new tasks, we have established the developmentstrategy of building a modern new Kunming and accelerated the process ofbuilding a well-off society in an all-round way. Taking Dianchi Lake as thecenter, the project of "traffic around the lake", "pollution interception aroundthe lake", "ecology around the lake" and "new city around the lake" will beimplemented to further optimize the urban development environment,comprehensively enhance the image of urban and rural areas, enhance thecomprehensive strength of the city, and build Kunming into a prosperous economy,developed culture, beautiful environment, perfect function, "Spring City","famous historical and cultural city", and ecological city of landscapearchitecture It is a modern regional international city facing Southeast Asiaand South Asia.
Kunming is located in the middle of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, with a history of more than 2400 years. The elevation of the city center is 1891 meters. It is close to Dianchi Lake in the South and surrounded by mountains on three sides. Due to the influence of the warm and humid air flow in the southwest of the Indian Ocean, it has long sunshine, short frost period and an average annual temperature of 15 ℃. The climate is mild, summer is not hot, winter is not cold, four seasons such as spring, pleasant climate, is very famous "Spring City". For this reason, the predecessors have described its characteristics as follows: there is no fur in the December moon of Kunming, the light cotton sweats in the dog days, the plum blossoms in the middle of winter, and the new year leaves of Liushu will be thick. From December to march of the next year, groups of red headed gulls, which escape the cold wind in the northern sea area, come from afar and settle in Kunming city.
Kunming, with an altitude of 746 meters to 4247 meters, covers an area of 15942 square kilometers and a built-up area of 98 square kilometers. It is directly under the jurisdiction of Panlong, Wuhua, Xishan and Guandu, and eight counties of Chenggong, Jinning, Anning, Fumin, Songming, Yiliang, Lunan and Luquan. The population is 3635212. There are 25 ethnic groups, including Han, Yi, Hui, Bai, Miao and Mongolia. The minority population accounts for 12.6%, and the urban population is 1611969.
250000 years ago, there were ancient human activities in Kunming area. From the 13th century, Kunming became the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan Province. It is the hub and channel connecting the "ancient Southern Silk Road" in Southeast Asia and Sichuan Yunnan Vietnam. Kunming is the hometown of great navigator Zheng He and people's musician Nie Er. Patriotic democratic movements such as the national defense movement and the "one two one" movement contributed to China's democratic revolution. The long history and diversified culture have formed the distinctive characteristics of Kunming today, which are "long history, many historic sites, beautiful scenery, many places of interest, a gathering of talents, many celebrities, early development and many contacts".
Since the reform and opening up, Kunming's economy has always maintained a good momentum of rapid and healthy development, and its comprehensive economic strength has entered the advanced ranks in the western region. After years of development, it has formed five pillar industries, including cigarette, electromechanical, biological resources, information, business and tourism. Agricultural development is sustained, stable and coordinated, structural adjustment has achieved remarkable results, and its characteristics are outstanding. "Dounan flowers" and "Chenggong vegetables" have become well-known brands at home and abroad. It is the industrial base of Yunnan Province and an important industrial city in Southwest China. The proportion of the tertiary industry in the national economy is increasing. The rapid development of Commerce, tourism, information and modern service industries has played an important role in promoting the economic and social development of the city.
Kunming is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. It is a gathering place of natural landscape and cultural landscape. It is also one of the best tourist cities in China. The holding of the World Expo has improved Kunming's popularity in the world. There is no heat in summer, no cold in winter, four seasons like spring, flowers all year round, known as the "Spring City" reputation.
Kunming has beautiful mountains and rivers. Kunming has a long history, many nationalities and unique natural conditions, which leave an extremely rich cultural relics and scenic spots. Among them, there are 3 national scenic spots, 6 national key cultural relics protection units, 66 provincial and municipal key cultural relics protection units, 30 scenic spots, more than 100 scenic spots, 11 national tourist routes, 1 provincial scenic spot, ethnic customs with Yunnan characteristics, 1 large-scale ethnic village, more than 50 Hot Springs, and more than 400 kinds of flowers It has become a tourism system with Shilin and Dianchi Lake as the focus, along Anning Shilin highway as the first line, driving Kunming City and radiating the whole province, integrating tourism, vacation and entertainment.
Kunming is also a multi-ethnic capital city, with fascinating ethnic customs, numerous historical sites, natural landscape and cultural landscape, depicting a magical and confusing picture.
Kunming is the transportation hub and communication center of Yunnan Province, and China's port facing Southeast Asia. Kunming airport is one of the five major international airports in China. It has six international routes to Yangon, Bangkok, Singapore, one regional route to Hong Kong, about 40 routes to large and medium-sized cities in China, and seven routes in the province. At present, there are 12 main and branch lines from Kunming to Chengdu, Kunming to Guiyang, Kunming to Hekou, as well as Kunming to Nanning, as well as the vast number of Railways in the province, Kunyu railway, etc. Kunming's roads extend in all directions, with more than 5000 kilometers of roads leading to all parts of the province and neighboring provinces.
Facing the new situation and new tasks, we have established the development strategy of building a modern new Kunming and accelerated the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Taking Dianchi Lake as the center, the project of "traffic around the lake", "pollution interception around the lake", "ecology around the lake" and "new city around the lake" will be implemented to further optimize the urban development environment, comprehensively enhance the image of urban and rural areas, enhance the comprehensive strength of the city, and build Kunming into a prosperous economy, developed culture, beautiful environment, perfect function, "Spring City", "famous historical and cultural city", and ecological city of landscape architecture It is a modern regional international city facing Southeast Asia and South Asia.
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