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南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短(精選19篇)

欄目: 江蘇導遊詞 / 釋出於: / 人氣:1.58W

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇1

現在我們來到了秦淮河畔,河中的畫防都是仿照明代建築風格製造的,船頭掛有大紅綵球和紅燈籠。每當元宵節南京人習慣來這裡遊玩賞燈。這種風氣在明代就已盛行,據說明朝建都後,朱元津微服巡察京城。當他來到秦淮河畔,看到兩岸綠樹成蔭,河水清澈,亭臺樓閣,風景宜人,隨口說了句:"惜河中缺遊船。"皇帝開了金口,左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫,以博取皇帝歡心。從此,秦淮畫訪成了這裡的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳節時分,更是河上水燈萬盞齊放,兩岸龍燈飛舞,歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲,連綿不絕,通宵達旦,真可謂"秦淮燈火甲天下"。難怪南京有"家家走橋,人人看燈"的民諺。我們眼前的這段秦淮河,自宋以後就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池,又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學的學宮叫辟雍,諸侯講學成學宮叫泮宮,夫子廟的學宮相當於諸侯講學的地方,所以這池稱"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石橋,按等級而論,縣官、學官走中間一座,秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋,有犯上作亂之罪,進退兩難,只好自己跳進了泮池。再請各位看河對岸的一段硃紅色石磚牆,這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建於明萬曆三年(歷澤年),長達110米,為全們照壁之冠。各位遊客:這座夫子廟始建於東晉成帝鹹康三年(337年),當時成帝採納了王導的建議:"治國以培育人才為重",決定立大學於秦淮河畔。原來只建有學宮,孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學富基礎上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市,它包括夫子廟、學宮和貢院三大主要建築群,其範圍南臨秦淮河北岸,北抵建康路東端,東起姚家巷,西止四福巷,規模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞,但各代都加以興修擴建,到清末民初,其樓閣、殿宇的結構和佈局堪稱東南之冠。現在的夫子廟建築,~部分是清代末年重建的,一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看,這座樓閣式建築,叫做奎星閣,它初建於清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建築曾兩次被毀,1985年重建。現在我們來到了清代開闢的廟前廣場,廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑,高有一丈許,上面刻有滿漢兩種文字"文武大臣至此下馬",表示對聖人孔子的崇敬。左側的這座六角重簷亭子叫"聚星亭","聚星"取群星集中,人才薈萃之意。建於明萬曆十四年(1586年),也曾幾經興廢,到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一倖存的清代建築,可惜在1968年被當作"四舊"拆除,1983年又得以重建,恢復了原來的風貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊,叫"天下文樞坊"。請大家繼續隨我往前走。這座門叫櫺星門,這是孔廟的廟門。據傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿,他得人方便高興。門是石結構的,六柱三門,建於明成化十六年(1480年),後來被毀,又於清同治九年(1870年)重建。不過,現在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側便是東市、西市。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短(精選19篇)

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇2

今天,我將帶大家到秦淮河、夫子廟去遊覽。秦淮河旅遊區,位於南京老城區城南,從市區出發,坐汽車約需20分鐘才能到達。它是一個以夫子廟為中心,集遊覽、購物、品嚐風味於一體,展示古城風貌和民族風情的旅遊地。

秦淮河的由來和歷史變遷

秦淮河,是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經濟、文化發展起過重要作用的河流。相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。秦始皇東巡會稽,經過南京時,為方便船隻行駛,曾下令開鑿方山,使淮水與長江溝通,因而這段河道得名"秦淮河"。但據地質考察證明,秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流,當時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經過,但由於地理變遷,河流改道,逐漸形成了現在的河道。歷史上的秦淮河,河道寬綽。自五代吳王楊行密在長幹橋一帶築石頭城以後,河道開始變窄,並被分隔成內、外"秦淮"。內秦淮河由東水關人城,經夫子廟,再由水西門南的西水關出城與外秦淮河匯合。河流全長10公里,這就是古往今來令無數文人墨客為之讚美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇,孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中,也都對"十里秦淮"有過生動的描寫。古老的秦淮河與流經南京城北的長江相比,顯得十分渺小,但是它與南京城的誕生、發展,以及南京地區的政治、經濟、文化發展有著極其密切的關係。早在五六千年前的新石器時代,這裡已有人類繁衍生息。迄今為止,沿河兩岸發現的原始村落遺蹟多達五六十處。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。東吳孫權定都建業(南京)後,曾在秦淮河兩岸作"柵塘",既可禦敵,又可防洪。從六朝時起,夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地,秦淮河充當了南京地區對外貿易的主要航道,河中舟船穿梭,一派繁榮。據說,舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立,河房水閣爭奇鬥豔,遊艇畫防燈火通明,富豪貴族在這裡過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活,清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權貴的名妓李香君,她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞,六朝以來的繁華和奢靡,舊社會的汙垢和勞動人民的血淚,然而,今天的秦淮河,經過了歷史的沉澱和人民的改造,已散發著健康文明的馨香,展現了清澈動人的風姿。它是南京歷史的見證,難怪人們慣於把"秦淮"當作南京的代名詞。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇3

走過櫺星門,便是孔廟的正門,叫大成門,也叫戟門。門內側有石碑四塊。第一塊是《孔子問禮圖碑》,刻於南朝齊永明二年(484年)。記載了春秋末年奴隸制衰亡之際,孔子出於對周王朝禮樂制度的崇拜,抱著興國安邦、濟世訪賢的願望,於魯昭公二十四年(公元前518年),從家鄉曲阜去周王城洛陽考察典章制度,尋求鞏固魯國奴隸主政權辦法的經歷。碑的上半部有"孔子問禮圖,吳敬恆題"的題字。圖中是二人駕車,一組身穿古裝人物在城門前歡迎的場面,還有"永明二年,孔子在魯人周門禮周流"的字樣。這塊碑已有1500多年的歷史了,圖文仍清晰可辨,是難得的珍貴文物。第二塊碑是《集慶孔廟碑》,碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔廟時由盧摯撰寫的,到元至順元年(1330年),由純齋王公書寫刻石。第三塊碑是《封四氏碑》,講的是元至順二年,文宗皇帝詔示:加封顏回、曾參(孔子的兩個弟子)、孔極(孔子的孫子)、孟軻(孔子的再傳弟子)為四亞聖之事。第四塊碑是《封至聖夫人碑》,講的是元至順二年(1331年),文宗皇帝頒旨加封孔子之妻為至聖夫人之事。廟院兩側是碑廊(原來是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位的地方),廊內陳列了當代書法名家的碑刻30塊。現在,請大家隨我從中間的石雨道走。在進大成殿前,我先給大家介紹一下殿前的這個露天台子,這是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古時每年二月、八月的第一個丁日和孔子誕辰這一天(農曆八月二十七日),地方官吏都要在孔廟舉行盛大的祭掃活動。祭祀採用的是酉周奴隸主祭天地鬼神的禮儀,在大成殿前擺上仿青銅器做的祭器,上供牛2頭、豬16頭、羊16頭,以及大量布帛菽粟、乾鮮果品、香紙蠟燭等。主祭人要穿特製的古裝祭服,宣讀祭文,向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩禮,還配有樂隊和舞隊表演,以歌頌孔子,所以大成殿前要設舞臺。現在請各位遊客隨我進人孔廟主殿--大成殿。這是一座氣勢巍峨,重簷廡殿頂,屋脊中央有雙龍戲珠立雕的建築。這種規格的建築在全國也是屈指可數的。"大成"意思是孔子集古聖先賢思想之大成。大成殿內原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒,兩旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。現在的大成殿已被闢為"南京鄉土文化博物館"。請大家再往前走,這裡便是夫子廟的學宮。門楣上方原來有"學宮"匾額,門外柏木牌坊,牌坊上題有"東南第一學"。牌坊的北面是四周圍有木欄的花圃,左右有四書齋,是學子自修讀書的地方。這四齋名稱分別是"志道"、"據德"、"依仁"、"遊藝"。後面是明德堂,這座建築建於南宋紹興九年(1139年),堂名為文天祥所書。明德堂是學子集會的地方,每月朔望(農曆七年級和十五)朝聖後,學子在此集會,訓導師宣講聖教和上諭。東牆有"臥碑",就是訓教的法規。左右橫樑上懸掛著江寧府所屬六縣舉貢員生題額。我們眼前的這座建築是梨香閣,原來是祭祀孔子父母的崇聖祠,現改為遊樂場了。東面那座建築是青雲樓,它建於明萬曆十四年(1586年),是供把歷代督學使的祠堂,初建時為三層樓,因為臨近貢院,為防止有人從樓上偷看貢院,清代時改建成二層樓,上層用作藏書,下層是閱覽室。清末廢除科舉後,改為國小,民國初年改為江寧縣教育會,抗戰時被用作開茶館、歌場,戰後曾先後作為民眾教育館和南京市通志館。這也是舊學宮保留下來的為數不多的建築之一。各位遊客:參觀完學宮建築後,我們再去參觀一下夫子廟的另一座古建築群--貢院。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇4

各位遊客,我們現在就來到了夫子廟。“六朝金粉地,十里秦淮河”,指的就是南京城南夫子廟地區的秦淮河風光帶,自六朝起,這裡就是居民商業集中地,為古都繁華地帶。

我們現在站的地方是文德橋,這裡有著名奇觀“文德半月”,秦淮河水從我們腳下緩緩渡過,“十里秦淮”就是指東水關至西水關的水道。

夫子廟又稱孔廟、文廟。它是祭祀我國古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的地方。因為孔子在古代被人尊稱為孔夫子,所以孔廟被稱為“夫子廟”。它集旅遊、休閒、文化、商業為一體,展現了六朝古都的風貌。

整個夫子廟建築以大成殿為中心,從照壁至衛山,都是在一條南北中樞線上成方位對稱的格局,具有典型的中國傳統建築風格。

文德橋之所以有半邊月的奇景,是因為它與子午線的方向是一致的。大家向東看,有一堵紅牆,經建於明代萬曆年間,是全國最大的照壁,長110米,照壁起著遮蔽和裝飾作用。

這是盼池,當時文人洗墨之處,也是失火取水之處。

池的東邊是魁星閣,魁在古代是保佑文人高中的星宿,有“魁星點鬥,獨佔鰲頭”之說。池的西邊是聚星亭,是天下群星聚集的地方,盼池的北邊是一個牌坊,這就是“天下文樞”坊,四個字意指天下文化聚集的中心。

遊客們,我們穿過六柱三門的櫺星門,就來到了大成門,在左右各有兩塊石碑,這就是“孔子問禮圖碑”,上面刻有孔子從山東到南京向老子虛心請教的情景,蹬上露臺,我們可以看到一尊孔子青銅雕像,高4.18米,這是我國最高的孔子銅像。在銅像之後就是孔廟的主體建築大成殿,現在我們就到殿內看一看。

首先,我們看到的是一幅孔子巨幅畫像,它高6.5米,寬3.15米,是我國最大的孔子畫像,畫像前是孔子四位門生的漢白玉雕像。

殿內有38幅由翡翠、瑪瑙、黃金、雞血石為材料製作的“孔子聖蹟圖”,它描述了孔子一生的生平事蹟。

穿過大成殿來到學宮,這裡是當年秀才學習的地方,學宮的主體建築是“明德堂”是南宋民族英雄文天袢所題,德指“忠信,忠於國家,取信於民”。

明德堂前有一鍾亭,內有禮運鍾,還有一鼓亭,內有聖音鼓,是為紀念孔子2550週年所建,在明德堂後面還有尊經閣、崇聖祠、青雲樓等。

大成殿外東西兩側是東西市,是當時進行商品買賣的地方,它充分展現了明末清初街市風貌,所以夫子廟特色還在於廟市合一。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇5

各位朋友,大家好!歡迎光臨南京夫子廟。夫子廟地處城南秦淮河畔,地理位置優越,交通十分方便,是南京人引以為自豪的歷史遺蹟和旅遊景點,是新興的文化、商業、遊覽中心和廟市合一的繁華之地。

夫子廟,又叫孔廟、文廟,是祭祀我國著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。孔子在古代被人們尊稱為孔夫子,故其廟宇俗稱“夫子廟”。由於儒學的正統地位,它的創始人孔子備受封建社會歷朝歷代的統治者和士子們的尊崇,祀奉他的孔廟遍佈全國各地,有的地方還不只一個。夫子廟作為封建士子崇拜的場所,大多與教育設施(如學宮、貢院等)佈置在一起,即所謂的廟附於學,一般是在學宮的前面或一側。

歷史上,南京城區的夫子廟曾有三處,一處在今市政府大院內,另一處在朝天宮。現在我們要參觀、遊覽的,是第三處,也是最有名氣的一處。它是宋景佑元年(1034年)從朝天宮遷來的,初為建康府學,元為集慶路學,明初為國學,後為應天府學,清遷出府學,改為江寧、上元兩縣學。咸豐年間毀於兵火,同治年間(1869年)重建,抗戰中為日軍焚燬。現存夫子廟為80年代初重建。它採用前廟後學,孔廟在前,學宮在後,後來設立的貢院被佈置在學宮的左側。因此,南京夫子廟比較完整的格局包括三部分,即孔廟、學宮、貢院。以大成殿為中心的南北中軸線及兩側的主要建築和以明遠樓為中心的江南貢院陳列館成為夫子廟地區最主要的旅遊觀光點。

夫子廟地區由於悠久的歷史、方便的水上交通,使其在夫子廟出現之前,就已成為古代南京比較有名的“佳麗地”和名士聚居地,因此除了以上所述主要景點外,還有吳敬梓故居、古桃葉渡、萃苑、百年老店一條街、文德橋、王謝故居、烏衣巷、媚香樓等景點。

現在我們已站在夫子廟中軸線的起點部分—夫子廟廣場。環顧四周,南有泮池、照壁、木坊,東西兩側有聚星亭、魁光閣及商業區,北有中軸線上主要建築大成殿和分佈於孔廟東西兩側的東、西二市,形成了夫子廟地區區別於其他城市孔廟的獨特氛圍,即歷史上形成的廟市合一的格局。

請看廣場前的這一條河,它叫秦淮河,是南京人民的母親河,全長110公里,孕育了早期的南京文明。流經廣場的這一段是內秦淮河的一部分,建廟時被改造為泮池,因曲阜孔廟泮水流過而得名。南岸的一堵紅牆,是建於明萬曆(1575年)年間的大照壁,長達110米,氣勢磅礴,為全國照壁之最。照壁起遮蔽和裝飾作用,是整個夫子廟建築群的開始。泮池北岸石欄則為明正德(1520xx年)年間所建,是歷經了滄桑變遷之後,成為夫子廟建築群中唯一儲存最好的古代建築小品,抗戰前曾加以修整。遊人至此,憑欄小憩,觀覽秦淮秀色,心曠神怡。

泮池西側的文德橋現為漢白玉橋。因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。因為橋向與子午線方向一致,所以每逢農曆11月15日子時左右,皓月當空,憑欄俯視,在橋的兩邊分別可看到橋影將河中明月分成兩個半月,被稱為“文德分月”。吳敬梓在《儒林外史》一書中就有記述,如果您有機會的話,不妨在農曆11月15日來文德橋邊看一看。

文德橋南烏衣巷口的一組徽派建築群,為“王謝古居”。作為東晉豪族王謝兩大家族聚居區,影響比較大,尤其是唐劉禹錫名作《烏衣巷》的詩句,使烏衣巷、王謝舊居變得非常有名,現為“南京六朝歷史文化陳列館。”大家有時間可以進去參觀參觀。

現在我們看石欄北側是新復建的天下文樞坊,表明此處為天下文化中心。三門四柱,頗為壯觀。在古代,它與後面的櫺星門對應,用於帝王出巡朝聖祀孔,中間高門坊是皇帝幸臨的御道,左右供郡親王出入,一般的官員臣民不能通行,因而平時都用木柵欄封閉起來。

廟前廣場西側的聚星亭,六角飛簷、古樸大方,外表看雙重飛簷翹角,貌似兩層結構,其實只有一層,亭名取群星聚集、人才薈萃之意。再請看東邊,臨水而立的小院子是魁光閣,閣內的魁星亭,三層六面,下臨秦淮,景緻獨特。古有“奎主文章”之說。奎星即魁星,是文運興旺之兆,是科舉時考試奪魁的象徵,因而魁星被歷代學子奉為神靈。魁光閣與聚星亭東西犄角相望,互為呼應,融為一體。

廟前廣場北面的石砌坊門,是孔廟第一道大門—櫺星門,六柱三門,古樸優美,中間橫楣刻有篆文“櫺星門”。櫺星是古代天文學中的“文星”,取名之由是要表示天下文人學士集學於此的意思。三門之間鑲嵌有牡丹圖案的磚刻浮雕,精雕細琢,美侖美奐。石柱頂端皆用雲板,即華表之意,作為一種標誌。此乃皇帝祭孔的儀門。

走過櫺星門,我們就來到大成殿的大成門前。

大成門,又稱戟門,是夫子廟的正大門,兩旁為持敬門。封建時代只有官員可以由大成門出入,一般士子只能從旁門進出。進入門內,左右分別樹有四塊古碑:東邊有元至順二年(1331年)的《封至聖夫人碑》和(封四氏碑),西邊有公元1330年的殘碑《集慶孔子廟碑》和由市政府遷來的甫齊永明二年(484年)的《孔於問禮圖碑》。以《孔子問禮圖碑》為著。

院落甬道兩旁排列了孔子十二門生中的八位,即閔損、冉耕、冉求、端木賜、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由,均由漢白玉雕刻而成,狀甚虔誠,栩栩如生。

向前看,大成殿前的平臺為丹墀,俗稱露臺,高1.4米,東西寬21.8米,南北長“14.0米,四周圍以石欄,有云頭望柱24根,臺前兩角設有石燈籠。此露臺用作祭祀和歌舞。露臺中央的孔於雕像格外引入注目,青銅質地,達4.18米,重乙37噸,做工精細,維妙維肖,體態豐盈,面部慈祥、深沉,眉宇間透露出偉大思想家特有的睿智,給人留下非常深刻的印象。露臺兩旁原是兩廡,是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位和存放祭祀、儀禮、佾舞用具的處所。現縮為小兩廡,改為碑廊,陳列有趙樸初、林散之、武中奇等著名書法家墨跡的碑石30餘塊,供遊人欣賞。

露臺盡頭即為巍峨莊嚴的夫子廟主殿—大成殿,高16.22米,寬27.3米,進深27.9米,是重槽歇山頂的仿古建築。正面屋簷下海藍色豎匾,上書“大成殿”。孔子為“大成至聖先師”,“大成”當指孔子。“大成”一詞,源出《札記.學記》,是學習的最高境界。又見於《孟子.萬章》。“孔子,聖之時者也。孔子之謂集大成。”屋脊鴟吻中有造型精美的“雙龍戲珠”立雕,這在國內同類建築中屬首創之作;屋面覆蓋青色小瓦所體現的輕秀之勢,與北方孔廟屋面採用黃色琉璃瓦的富麗恢巨集之勢明顯不一樣,更顯隨和、入俗之意,這亦是南京夫子廟更接近俗文化的表現之一,亦或稱之為“入鄉隨俗”吧。整座建築重簷飛翹,斗拱交錯,氣勢雄偉;殿堂七楹,殿廊環立26根仿木圓柱;前後花格長門16扇,內殿藻井枋檁,素雅肅穆。殿中央陳列有高6.5米、寬3.5米的國內最大的孔子畫像,畫像前二側還有12位門生中的另4位,即孟子,孔汲,曾參、顏回,前面還陳列有柷、琴、臥箜篌,編磬,編鐘、古箏、鼓等古代樂器。

四周牆壁懸掛了38幅反映孔子生平事蹟的鑲嵌壁畫,稱為“孔子聖蹟圖”,是由浙江樂清2OO匠師採用取自浙江、福建,內蒙古、遼寧、青海、廣西、廣東等省(區)的內玉石,雞血凍、壽山石,翡翠綠、周村凍等石中名晶及黃金、珠寶、羅鈿等貴重的珠寶飾件,耗3年之功雕成,總投資580萬元人民幣。畫面採用中國古典全景式構圖方式,輔以考證有據的細部描述,做工精細,色澤自然,富有立體感,給人以逼真神奇之感。每幅面高2.5米,寬1.3米,畫中有人物408位,造型面目自然、栩栩如生。38幅壁畫分別是聖蹟之圖、題首前言、尼山致禱、麒麟玉書、二龍五老、鈞天降聖、俎豆學禮、職司委吏、命名榮貺、職司乘田、問禮老聃、在齊聞韶、晏嬰沮封、退修詩書、夾谷會齊、歸田謝過、誅少正卯;女樂文馬、因膰去魯。匡人解圍。醜次同車之一,醜次同車之二、宋人伐木、楛矢貫隼、適衛擊磬、學琴師襄、西河返駕、靈公問陳、子路問津、在陳絕糧、子西沮封、作歌丘陵,杏壇禮樂、跪受赤虹、西狩獲麟、夢奠兩楹、治任別歸、漢高祀魯。體現了孔子“萬世師表”的光輝典範形象,這恰如殿中對聯所寫“氣備四時興天地鬼神日月合其德;教垂萬世繼堯舜禹湯文武作之師“。真乃謂“德侔天地道貫古今,刪述六經垂憲萬世”。

由大成殿東廡北門出,經東市即進入學宮區。

東市和西市是由原來進出學宮的東、西甬道改成,用作秦淮河上往返船隻經銷商品的場所,現已成為夫子廟地區最具特色的工藝美術晶、文化用品銷售場所和文化活動場所。

學宮是封建時代培養人才的場所,有不同層次,如縣學、府學(路學、州學等)和國學,都與孔廟毗鄰,以示儒學立國,修身的正統地位。學宮包括明德堂、尊經閣、敬一亭、崇聖祠和青雲樓等單體建築。走進學宮大門,就是古風盎然的明德堂,是士子們每月朔、望日朝聖(即孔子)之後,集中聽訓導師宣講聖教和上諭(倫理和政府法令)的場所,以培養學子們忠君愛國的思想。對於明德堂的名稱,可能有的遊客要問,各地夫子廟建築群中只有“明倫堂”,何以南京夫子廟例外,叫作“明德堂”?確實,南京夫子廟內,明德堂原來也稱“明倫堂”,只是當年元軍即將攻克南京之時,身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥,為了表明他寧死不屈的決心,親自手書,改“明倫堂”為“明德堂”以明效忠國家、報效民眾之志氣,故保留至今。明德堂後的尊經閣,始建於明朝中期,高三層,18.7米,重簷丁字脊歇山頂,氣象非凡,是當年存放儒家典籍、教諭講課的講堂,現為民俗風情陳列館。與尊經閣並排而立的是崇聖祠和青雲樓,尊經書院分置尊經閣後兩邊。崇聖祠祀孔子父母,現為梨園;青雲樓清時改為圖書館;尊經書院為講課之所,相當於現在的教室。尊經閣後小高地,叫衛山,建有敬一亭,天下文廟皆有敬一亭始於明嘉靖時,亭內立皇帝御題的“敬一箴”,作為生員士子的座右銘。所謂“敬一”就是對孔學的敬業之意。

游完學宮,向東過貢院西街走數十米,就是江南貢院。利用這一段時間,我給大家介紹一下夫子廟的其他情況。夫子廟地區除了夫子廟自身建築之外,還有更為引人注目的民風民俗、特色市場和風味小吃。

其一,南京人向有過燈節的習俗,六朝時期佛興燈旺,作為帝王之都的南京,每至元宵節,燈火滿市井,為全國之冠。明朝時放燈時間延長,正月初八為上燈節。十八日為落燈節,是我國曆史上為時最長的燈節,那時南京人幾乎“家家走橋,人人看燈”,由此,延至清代以及近代,南京燈節都極為隆重,以夫子廟地區為最盛。建國以後,夫子廟燈會在政府的支援和組織下,每年的正月,夫子廟的大街小巷、店堂鋪面、河房屋頂都掛滿了各式各樣的彩燈,前來觀賞的人群絡繹不絕,熙熙攘攘,煞是壯觀,其規模之大、延續時間之長、燈綵式樣之多,在全國同類燈會中均名列前茅。

其二,夫子廟除了它的文化特色外,其商業文化也比較發達,首先是夫子廟建築群兩側的東、西二市就以其豐富的工藝美術晶、古玩、字畫及其他文化用品交易而顯示出文化的商業性價值,其次在夫子廟還有小商品市場、花鳥蟲魚市場和古玩、珍藏品交易市場,體現了南京人的一種閒適心態和文化品位。夫子廟已成為現代商品雲集的商業中心區之一。

其三,夫子廟還是南京四時茶食的發源地,隨著各種節令的更替和食俗的形成,夫子廟秦淮小吃因時更新,各種茶食店鋪,攤販小吃,應有盡有,成為我國東南地區歷史最久、最獨具特色的飲食文化旅遊區。從泮池文德橋至文源橋方圓百米左右的市面,風味飲食店就有數十家之多。可謂鹹甜葷素風味迥異;東西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和園、六鳳居、老正興、奇芳閣、蔣有記等,風味名點和小吃有數百種,極大地強化了夫子廟的區域性特徵。

好,我們已到了始建於1168年的江南貢院遺址。江南貢院是專門用來考試的場所,起初規模並不大,只供府、縣學考試之用。明初鄉試、會試集中在此舉行。後貢院規模擴大,待到清朝,正式定名為江南貢院,已經是規模空前,形成東起姚家巷,西至學宮、孔廟,南臨秦淮河,北抵建康路的方形整體,其號舍達兩萬多個,在當時全國貢院中首屈一指。民國之後,貢院冷落,只有明遠樓等,作為歷史文物被保留下來。

我們現在看到的明遠樓,上下三層,四四方方,飛簷出甍,面面皆窗,它本是貢院舉行考試期間用來警戒和發號施令之所。如今樓下拱門內保留的明、清和民國年間的石碑,詳盡記載了江南貢院的盛衰歷史。為有效地儲存封建時代科舉考場的情景,80年代中期,有關部門在此建立了“江南貢院陳列館”,復建了以“千字文”命名的部分號舍,陳列了神態各異的應試學子的塑像,供人們參觀。同時,遊人們還可以親自體會一下“金榜題名”的古趣。各位朋友,您不想試一試?

遊罷夫子廟的主要觀光點,我們大概可以把夫子廟的特點歸納為以下兩點。

第一,夫子廟是一個廟市合一的活動場所,這是其最大特色,而其他城市的孔廟建築及其文化氛圍通常與商業文明、市井文化相隔離。在夫子廟,一方面是圍牆內嚴謹的文化氛圍;另一方面是圍牆外、秦淮河兩岸充滿活力的商業文明,如工藝美術品、小商品、花鳥及現代商場、批銷中心,以及業經去其糟粕、取其精華的俗文化,如傳統的民風民俗—秦淮燈綵、秦淮風味小吃、雲錦工藝、南京白局等,一應俱全,充分體現了夫子廟的繁華和與眾不同。學宮、孔廟與市場(東西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民風民俗等)和諧相處,高雅的儒學文化與通俗的市井文化、商業文化相互相容、共同發展,形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二,夫子廟建築佈局中有許多中國之最。如象徵南京母親河—秦淮河的長達110米的高大照壁,是全國最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的,是所有孔廟中獨一無二的。由此可知,秦淮河在夫子廟的歷史演變過程中的影響是非常重要的。南京夫子廟學宮明德堂的名稱在全國也是少有的;大成殿“三寶”—孔子畫像、雕像和孔子生平事蹟壁畫,堪稱全國之最。值得一提的是,由於南京夫子廟的與眾不同,地方政府和國家旅遊局自80年代以來,開發並形成了以夫子廟為中心的秦淮風光帶。在東起東水關、西迄西水關的十里秦淮,發掘出那些被歷史湮沒的秦淮勝蹟,如瞻園、白鷺州、中華門城堡以及桃葉渡至鎮淮橋一帶的秦淮水上游和沿河景觀,即所謂的“四點一線”,形成了集山水、園林、市街、河房河廳和民風民俗於一體的綜合旅遊區。現已佈局井然,初具規模,景緻獨特,美不勝收,成為全國旅遊景區四十佳之一。基於此,有關部門還開闢了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅遊線路和陸上游一條線,成為繼“湖南路燈光夜市”後又一顆照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”,使得夜晚的南京城更顯魅力。

各位朋友,夫子廟的遊覽就到此結束了,感謝大家的支援和合作!

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇6

秦淮河,是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經濟、文化發展起過重要作用的河流。相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。秦始皇東巡會稽,經過南京時,為方便船隻行駛,曾下令開鑿方山,使淮水與長江溝通,因而這段河道得名"秦淮河"。但據地質考察證明,秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流,當時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經過,但由於地理變遷,河流改道,逐漸形成了現在的河道。歷史上的秦淮河,河道寬綽。自五代吳王楊行密在長幹橋一帶築石頭城以後,河道開始變窄,並被分隔成內、外"秦淮"。內秦淮河由東水關人城,經夫子廟,再由水西門南的西水關出城與外秦淮河匯合。河流全長10公里,這就是古往今來令無數文人墨客為之讚美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇,孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中,也都對"十里秦淮"有過生動的描寫。古老的秦淮河與流經南京城北的長江相比,顯得十分渺小,但是它與南京城的誕生、發展,以及南京地區的政治、經濟、文化發展有著極其密切的關係。早在五六千年前的新石器時代,這裡已有人類繁衍生息。迄今為止,沿河兩岸發現的原始村落遺蹟多達五六十處。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。東吳孫權定都建業(南京)後,曾在秦淮河兩岸作"柵塘",既可禦敵,又可防洪。從六朝時起,夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地,秦淮河充當了南京地區對外貿易的主要航道,河中舟船穿梭,一派繁榮。據說,舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立,河房水閣爭奇鬥豔,遊艇畫防燈火通明,富豪貴族在這裡過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活,勞動人民,特別是廣大婦女卻是以淚洗面,飽嘗了人間的辛酸。那時南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河兩岸。清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權貴的名妓李香君,她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞,六朝以來的繁華和奢靡,舊社會的汙垢和勞動人民的血淚,甚至還溶有南京大屠殺的血腥。然而,今天的秦淮河,經過了歷史的沉澱和人民的改造,已散發著健康文明的馨香,展現了清澈動人的風姿。它是南京歷史的見證,難怪人們慣於把"秦淮"當作南京的代名詞。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇7

"Wild grass and flowers by the Zhuque bridge, sunset at the entrance ofWuyi Lane..." This is my first understanding of Confucius temple when I was achild.

I don't know. I'm scared. If you are a tourist, have been to Nanjing, buthave not been to the Confucius Temple, it is really in vain!

Confucius Temple is a famous scenic spot in Nanjing with a long Confucius Temple is close to the Qinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing,just like the Yangtze River and Yellow River in China. Qinhuai river rippling,sparkling, water from time to time out of the lovely fish, sitting on the boatof Confucius Temple to see the scenery, do not have a taste.

To see the Confucius Temple, you must come in the evening. At this time,the Confucius Temple is full of bright lights and colorful neon lights. It lookslike the aurora in the sky of the city. At this moment, people come to theConfucius Temple regardless of the fatigue of the night. Hungry? Ha ha, noproblem! Folloe me! Duck blood vermicelli soup, chicken juice soup bag, muttonkebab, not enough to KFC! McDonald's also has! And Nanjing stinky tofu and otherclassic snacks By the way! There are salted duck! Salted duck is a specialty ofNanjing! Welcome to taste! One of the salted duck is called osmanthus duck,which is improving on the level of salted duck, with the fragrance of ucius Temple is not the "No.2 lion bridge". It's just food. There are manyfashionable shops for you to visit. Of course, your eyes will not be idle. TheConfucius Temple is an ancient building long ago, which contains the flavor ofold Nanjing. The exquisite carving on the walls and the gorgeous nationalpattern on the roof are so beautiful. In addition, the Qinhuai River at night iseven more beautiful. The clear water reflects the starry night sky, green trees,buildings, and the colorful lights, which make the Qinhuai River colorful.

On the Lantern Festival, the Confucius Temple is full of people. There aresmall shops selling lanterns in the streets, including lovely rabbit lanterns,ancient horse lanterns and Kongming lanterns. In addition to lanterns, there aremany lantern shops in the Confucius Temple during the Lantern Festival. LanternFestival has big and small, big inside sesame, small bubble sugar water, arevery delicious.

We believe that not only the Confucius Temple, but also Nanjing, a citywith a long history, will have a better future!

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇8

各位朋友,大家好!歡迎光臨南京夫子廟。

夫子廟地處城南秦淮河畔,地理位置優越,交通十分方便,是南京人引以為自豪的歷史遺蹟和旅遊景點,是新興的文化、商業、遊覽中心和廟市合一的繁華之地。

夫子廟,又叫孔廟、文廟,是祭祀我國著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。

孔子在古代被人們尊稱為孔夫子,故其廟宇俗稱“夫子廟”。

由於儒學的正統地位,它的創始人孔子備受封建社會歷朝歷代的統治者和士子們的尊崇,祀奉他的孔廟遍佈全國各地,有的地方還不只一個。

夫子廟作為封建士子崇拜的場所,大多與教育設施(如學宮、貢院等)佈置在一起,即所謂的廟附於學,一般是在學宮的前面或一側。

歷史上,南京城區的夫子廟曾有三處,一處在今市政府大院內,另一處在朝天宮。

現在我們要參觀、遊覽的,是第三處,也是最有名氣的一處。

它是宋景佑元年(1034年)從朝天宮遷來的,初為建康府學,元為集慶路學,明初為國學,後為應天府學,清遷出府學,改為江寧、上元兩縣學。

咸豐年間毀於兵火,同治年間(1869年)重建,抗戰中為日軍焚燬。

現存夫子廟為80年代初重建。

它採用前廟後學,孔廟在前,學宮在後,後來設立的貢院被佈置在學宮的左側。

因此,南京夫子廟比較完整的格局包括三部分,即孔廟、學宮、貢院。

以大成殿為中心的南北中軸線及兩側的主要建築和以明遠樓為中心的江南貢院陳列館成為夫子廟地區最主要的旅遊觀光點。

夫子廟地區由於悠久的歷史、方便的水上交通,使其在夫子廟出現之前,就已成為古代南京比較有名的“佳麗地”和名士聚居地,因此除了以上所述主要景點外,還有吳敬梓故居、古桃葉渡、萃苑、百年老店一條街、文德橋、王謝故居、烏衣巷、媚香樓等景點。

現在我們已站在夫子廟中軸線的起點部分—夫子廟廣場。

環顧四周,南有泮池、照壁、木坊,東西兩側有聚星亭、魁光閣及商業區,北有中軸線上主要建築大成殿和分佈於孔廟東西兩側的東、西二市,形成了夫子廟地區區別於其他城市孔廟的獨特氛圍,即歷史上形成的廟市合一的格局。

請看廣場前的這一條河,它叫秦淮河,是南京人民的母親河,全長110公里,孕育了早期的南京文明。

流經廣場的這一段是內秦淮河的一部分,建廟時被改造為泮池,因曲阜孔廟泮水流過而得名。

南岸的一堵紅牆,是建於明萬曆(1575年)年間的大照壁,長達110米,氣勢磅礴,為全國照壁之最。

照壁起遮蔽和裝飾作用,是整個夫子廟建築群的開始。

泮池北岸石欄則為明正德(1514年)年間所建,是歷經了滄桑變遷之後,成為夫子廟建築群中唯一儲存最好的古代建築小品,抗戰前曾加以修整。

遊人至此,憑欄小憩,觀覽秦淮秀色,心曠神怡。

泮池西側的文德橋現為漢白玉橋。

因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。

因為橋向與子午線方向一致,所以每逢農曆11月15日子時左右,皓月當空,憑欄俯視,在橋的兩邊分別可看到橋影將河中明月分成兩個半月,被稱為“文德分月”。

吳敬梓在《儒林外史》一書中就有記述,如果您有機會的話,不妨在農曆11月15日來文德橋邊看一看。

文德橋南烏衣巷口的一組徽派建築群,為“王謝古居”。

作為東晉豪族王謝兩大家族聚居區,影響比較大,尤其是唐劉禹錫名作《烏衣巷》的詩句,使烏衣巷、王謝舊居變得非常有名,現為“南京六朝歷史文化陳列館。“大家有時間可以進去參觀參觀。

現在我們看石欄北側是新復建的天下文樞坊,表明此處為天下文化中心。

三門四柱,頗為壯觀。

在古代,它與後面的櫺星門對應,用於帝王出巡朝聖祀孔,中間高門坊是皇帝幸臨的御道,左右供郡親王出入,一般的官員臣民不能通行,因而平時都用木柵欄封閉起來。

廟前廣場西側的聚星亭,六角飛簷、古樸大方,外表看雙重飛簷翹角,貌似兩層結構,其實只有一層,亭名取群星聚集、人才薈萃之意。

再請看東邊,臨水而立的小院子是魁光閣,閣內的魁星亭,三層六面,下臨秦淮,景緻獨特。

古有“奎主文章”之說。

奎星即魁星,是文運興旺之兆,是科舉時試奪魁的象徵,因而魁星被歷代學子奉為神靈。

魁光閣與聚星亭東西犄角相望,互為呼應,融為一體。

廟前廣場北面的石砌坊門,是孔廟第一道大門—櫺星門,六柱三門,古樸優美,中間橫楣刻有篆文“櫺星門”。

櫺星是古代天文學中的“文星”,取名之由是要表示天下文人學士集學於此的意思。

三門之間鑲嵌有牡丹圖案的磚刻浮雕,精雕細琢,美侖美奐。

石柱頂端皆用雲板,即華表之意,作為一種標誌。

此乃皇帝祭孔的儀門。

走過櫺星門,我們就來到大成殿的大成門前。

大成門,又稱戟門,是夫子廟的正大門,兩旁為持敬門。

封建時代只有官員可以由大成門出入,一般士子只能從旁門進出。

進入門內,左右分別樹有四塊古碑:東邊有元至順二年(1331年)的《封至聖夫人碑》和(封四氏碑),西邊有公元1330年的殘碑《集慶孔子廟碑》和由市政府遷來的甫齊永明二年(484年)的《孔於問禮圖碑》。

以《孔子問禮圖碑》為著。

院落甬道兩旁排列了孔子十二門生中的八位,即閔損、冉耕、冉求、端木賜、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由,均由漢白玉雕刻而成,狀甚虔誠,栩栩如生。

向前看,大成殿前的平臺為丹墀,俗稱露臺,高1.4米,東西寬21.8米,南北長“14.0米,四周圍以石欄,有云頭望柱24根,臺前兩角設有石燈籠。

此露臺用作祭祀和歌舞。

露臺中央的孔於雕像格外引入注目,青銅質地,達4.18米,重乙37噸,做工精細,維妙維肖,體態豐盈,面部慈祥、深沉,眉宇間透露出偉大思想家特有的睿智,給人留下非常深刻的印象。

露臺兩旁原是兩廡,是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位和存放祭祀、儀禮、佾舞用具的處所。

現縮為小兩廡,改為碑廊,陳列有趙樸初、林散之、武中奇等著名書法家墨跡的碑石30餘塊,供遊人欣賞。

露臺盡頭即為巍峨莊嚴的夫子廟主殿—大成殿,高16.22米,寬27.3米,進深27.9米,是重槽歇山頂的仿古建築。

正面屋簷下海藍色豎匾,上書“大成殿”。

孔子為“大成至聖先師”,“大成”當指孔子。

“大成”一詞,源出《札記.學記》,是學習的最高境界。

又見於《孟子.萬章》。

“孔子,聖之時者也。

孔子之謂集大成。

”屋脊鴟吻中有造型精美的“雙龍戲珠”立雕,這在國內同類建築中屬首創之作;屋面覆蓋青色小瓦所體現的輕秀之勢,與北方孔廟屋面採用黃色琉璃瓦的富麗恢巨集之勢明顯不一樣,更顯隨和、入俗之意,這亦是南京夫子廟更接近俗文化的表現之一,亦或稱之為“入鄉隨俗”吧。

整座建築重簷飛翹,斗拱交錯,氣勢雄偉;殿堂七楹,殿廊環立26根仿木圓柱;前後花格長門16扇,內殿藻井枋檁,素雅肅穆。

殿中央陳列有高6.5米、寬3.5米的國內最大的孔子畫像,畫像前二側還有12位門生中的另4位,即孟子,孔汲,曾參、顏回,前面還陳列有柷、琴、臥箜篌,編磬,編鐘、古箏、鼓等古代樂器。

四周牆壁懸掛了38幅反映孔子生平事蹟的鑲嵌壁畫,稱為“孔子聖蹟圖”,是由浙江樂清2OO匠師採用取自浙江、福建,內蒙古、遼寧、青海、廣西、廣東等省(區)的內玉石,雞血凍、壽山石,翡翠綠、周村凍等石中名晶及黃金、珠寶、羅鈿等貴重的珠寶飾件,耗3年之功雕成,總投資580萬元人民幣。

畫面採用中國古典全景式構圖方式,輔以考證有據的細部描述,做工精細,色澤自然,富有立體感,給人以逼真神奇之感。

每幅面高2.5米,寬1.3米,畫中 共有人物408位,造型面目自然、栩栩如生。

38幅壁畫分別是聖蹟之圖、題首前言、尼山致禱、麒麟玉書、二龍五老、鈞天降聖、俎豆學禮、職司委吏、命名榮貺、職司乘田、問禮老聃、在齊聞韶、晏嬰沮封、退修詩書、夾谷會齊、歸田謝過、誅少正卯;女樂文馬、因膰去魯。

匡人解圍。

醜次同車之一,醜次同車之二、宋人伐木、楛矢貫隼、適衛擊磬、學琴師襄、西河返駕、靈公問陳、子路問津、在陳絕糧、子西沮封、作歌丘陵,杏壇禮樂、跪受赤虹、西狩獲麟、夢奠兩楹、治任別歸、漢高祀魯。

體現了孔子“萬世師表”的光輝典範形象,這恰如殿中對聯所寫“氣備四時興天地鬼神日月合其德;教垂萬世繼堯舜禹湯文武作之師“。

真乃謂“德侔天地道貫古今,刪述六經垂憲萬世”。

由大成殿東廡北門出,經東市即進入學宮區。

東市和西市是由原來進出學宮的東、西甬道改成,用作秦淮河上往返船隻經銷商品的場所,現已成為夫子廟地區最具特色的工藝美術晶、文化用品銷售場所和文化活動場所。

學宮是封建時代培養人才的場所,有不同層次,如縣學、府學(路學、州學等)和國學,都與孔廟毗鄰,以示儒學立國,修身的正統地位。

學宮包括明德堂、尊經閣、敬一亭、崇聖祠和青雲樓等單體建築。

走進學宮大門,就是古風盎然的明德堂,是士子們每月朔、望日朝聖(即孔子)之後,集中聽訓導師宣講聖教和上諭(倫理和政府法令)的場所,以培養學子們忠君愛國的思想。

對於明德堂的名稱,可能有的遊客要問,各地夫子廟建築群中只有“明倫堂”,何以南京夫子廟例外,叫作“明德堂”?確實,南京夫子廟內,明德堂原來也稱“明倫堂”,只是當年元軍即將攻克南京之時,身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥,為了表明他寧死不屈的決心,親自手書,改“明倫堂”為“明德堂”以明效忠國家、報效民眾之志氣,故保留至今。

明德堂後的尊經閣,始建於明朝中期,高三層,18.7米,重簷丁字脊歇山頂,氣象非凡,是當年存放儒家典籍、教諭講課的講堂,現為民俗風情陳列館。

與尊經閣並排而立的是崇聖祠和青雲樓,尊經書院分置尊經閣後兩邊。

崇聖祠祀孔子父母,現為梨園;青雲樓清時改為圖書館;尊經書院為講課之所,相當於現在的教室。

尊經閣後小高地,叫衛山,建有敬一亭,天下文廟皆有敬一亭始於明嘉靖時,亭內立皇帝御題的“敬一箴”,作為生員士子的座右銘。

所謂“敬一”就是對孔學的敬業之意。

游完學宮,向東過貢院西街走數十米,就是江南貢院。

利用這一段時間,我給大家介紹一下夫子廟的其他情況。

夫子廟地區除了夫子廟自身建築之外,還有更為引人注目的民風民俗、特色市場和風味小吃。

其一,南京人向有過燈節的習俗,六朝時期佛興燈旺,作為帝王之都的南京,每至元宵節,燈火滿市井,為全國之冠。

明朝時放燈時間延長,正月初八為上燈節。

十八日為落燈節,是我國曆史上為時最長的燈節,那時南京人幾乎“家家走橋,人人看燈”,由此,延至清代以及近代,南京燈節都極為隆重,以夫子廟地區為最盛。

建國以後,夫子廟燈會在政府的支援和組織下,每年的正月,夫子廟的大街小巷、店堂鋪面、河房屋頂都掛滿了各式各樣的彩燈,前來觀賞的人群絡繹不絕,熙熙攘攘,煞是壯觀,其規模之大、延續時間之長、燈綵式樣之多,在全國同類燈會中均名列前茅。

其二,夫子廟除了它的文化特色外,其商業文化也比較發達,首先是夫子廟建築群兩側的東、西二市就以其豐富的工藝美術晶、古玩、字畫及其他文化用品交易而顯示出文化的商業性價值,其次在夫子廟還有小商品市場、花鳥蟲魚市場和古玩、珍藏品交易市場,體現了南京人的一種閒適心態和文化品位。

夫子廟已成為現代商品雲集的商業中心區之一。

其三,夫子廟還是南京四時茶食的發源地,隨著各種節令的更替和食俗的形成,夫子廟秦淮小吃因時更新,各種茶食店鋪,攤販小吃,應有盡有,成為我國東南地區歷史最久、最獨具特色的飲食文化旅遊區。

從泮池文德橋至文源橋方圓百米左右的市面,風味飲食店就有數十家之多。

可謂鹹甜葷素風味迥異;東西南北各有千秋。

最著名的店面有百年老店永和園、六鳳居、老正興、奇芳閣、蔣有記等,風味名點和小吃有數百種,極大地強化了夫子廟的區域性特徵。

好,我們已到了始建於1168年的江南貢院遺址。

江南貢院是專門用來考試的場所,起初規模並不大,只供府、縣學考試之用。

明初鄉試、會試集中在此舉行。

後貢院規模擴大,待到清朝,正式定名為江南貢院,已經是規模空前,形成東起姚家巷,西至學宮、孔廟,南臨秦淮河,北抵建康路的方形整體,其號舍達兩萬多個,在當時全國貢院中首屈一指。

民國之後,貢院冷落,只有明遠樓等,作為歷史文物被保留下來。

我們現在看到的明遠樓,上下三層,四四方方,飛簷出甍,面面皆窗,它本是貢院舉行考試期間用來警戒和發號施令之所。

如今樓下拱門內保留的明、清和民國年間的石碑,詳盡記載了江南貢院的盛衰歷史。

為有效地儲存封建時代科舉考場的情景,80年代中期,有關部門在此建立了“江南貢院陳列館”,復建了以“千字文”命名的部分號舍,陳列了神態各異的應試學子的塑像,供人們參觀。

同時,遊人們還可以親自體會一下“金榜題名”的古趣。

各位朋友,您不想試一試?

遊罷夫子廟的主要觀光點,我們大概可以把夫子廟的特點歸納為以下兩點。

第一,夫子廟是一個廟市合一的活動場所,這是其最大特色,而其他城市的孔廟建築及其文化氛圍通常與商業文明、市井文化相隔離。

在夫子廟,一方面是圍牆內嚴謹的文化氛圍;另一方面是圍牆外、秦淮河兩岸充滿活力的商業文明,如工藝美術品、小商品、花鳥及現代商場、批銷中心,以及業經去其糟粕、取其精華的俗文化,如傳統的民風民俗—秦淮燈綵、秦淮風味小吃、雲錦工藝、南京白局等,一應俱全,充分體現了夫子廟的繁華和與眾不同。

學宮、孔廟與市場(東西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民風民俗等)和諧相處,高雅的儒學文化與通俗的市井文化、商業文化相互相容、共同發展,形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二,夫子廟建築佈局中有許多中國之最。

如象徵南京母親河—秦淮河的長達110米的高大照壁,是全國最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的,是所有孔廟中獨一無二的。

由此可知,秦淮河在夫子廟的歷史演變過程中的影響是非常重要的。

南京夫子廟學宮明德堂的名稱在全國也是少有的;大成殿“三寶”—孔子畫像、雕像和孔子生平事蹟壁畫,堪稱全國之最。

值得一提的是,由於南京夫子廟的與眾不同,地方政府和國家旅遊局自80年代以來,開發並形成了以夫子廟為中心的秦淮風光帶。

在東起東水關、西迄西水關的十里秦淮,發掘出那些被歷史湮沒的秦淮勝蹟,如瞻園、白鷺州、中華門城堡以及桃葉渡至鎮淮橋一帶的秦淮水上游和沿河景觀,即所謂的“四點一線”,形成了集山水、園林、市街、河房河廳和民風民俗於一體的綜合旅遊區。

現已佈局井然,初具規模,景緻獨特,美不勝收,成為全國旅遊景區四十佳之一。

基於此,有關部門還開闢了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅遊線路和陸上游一條線,成為繼“湖南路燈光夜市”後又一顆照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”,使得夜晚的南京城更顯魅力。

各位朋友,夫子廟的遊覽就到此結束了,感謝大家的支援和合作!

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇9

今天,我將帶大家到秦淮河、夫子廟去遊覽。秦淮河旅遊區,位於南京老城區城南,從市區出發,坐汽車約需20分鐘才能到達。它是一個以夫子廟為中心,集遊覽、購物、品嚐風味於一體,展示古城風貌和民族風情的旅遊地。

秦淮河的由來和歷史變遷

秦淮河,是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經濟、文化發展起過重要作用的河流。相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。秦始皇東巡會稽,經過南京時,為方便船隻行駛,曾下令開鑿方山,使淮水與長江溝通,因而這段河道得名"秦淮河"。但據地質考察證明,秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流,當時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經過,但由於地理變遷,河流改道,逐漸形成了現在的河道。歷史上的秦淮河,河道寬綽。自五代吳王楊行密在長幹橋一帶築石頭城以後,河道開始變窄,並被分隔成內、外"秦淮"。內秦淮河由東水關人城,經夫子廟,再由水西門南的西水關出城與外秦淮河匯合。河流全長10公里,這就是古往今來令無數文人墨客為之讚美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇,孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中,也都對"十里秦淮"有過生動的描寫。古老的秦淮河與流經南京城北的長江相比,顯得十分渺小,但是它與南京城的誕生、發展,以及南京地區的政治、經濟、文化發展有著極其密切的關係。早在五六千年前的新石器時代,這裡已有人類繁衍生息。迄今為止,沿河兩岸發現的原始村落遺蹟多達五六十處。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。東吳孫權定都建業(南京)後,曾在秦淮河兩岸作"柵塘",既可禦敵,又可防洪。從六朝時起,夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地,秦淮河充當了南京地區對外貿易的主要航道,河中舟船穿梭,一派繁榮。據說,舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立,河房水閣爭奇鬥豔,遊艇畫防燈火通明,富豪貴族在這裡過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活,清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權貴的名妓李香君,她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞,六朝以來的繁華和奢靡,舊社會的汙垢和勞動人民的血淚,然而,今天的秦淮河,經過了歷史的沉澱和人民的改造,已散發著健康文明的馨香,展現了清澈動人的風姿。它是南京歷史的見證,難怪人們慣於把"秦淮"當作南京的代名詞。

秦淮畫舫-伴池-夫子廟照壁-廟前廣場-櫺星門

各位遊客:

現在我們來到了秦淮河畔,河中的畫防都是仿照明代建築風格製造的,船頭掛有大紅綵球和紅燈籠。每當元宵節南京人習慣來這裡遊玩賞燈。這種風氣在明代就已盛行,據說明朝建都後,朱元津微服巡察京城。當他來到秦淮河畔,看到兩岸綠樹成蔭,河水清澈,亭臺樓閣,風景宜人,隨口說了句:"惜河中缺遊船。"皇帝開了金口,左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫,以博取皇帝歡心。從此,秦淮畫訪成了這裡的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳節時分,更是河上水燈萬盞齊放,兩岸龍燈飛舞,歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲,連綿不絕,通宵達旦,真可謂"秦淮燈火甲天下"。難怪南京有"家家走橋,人人看燈"的民諺。我們眼前的這段秦淮河,自宋以後就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池,又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學的學宮叫辟雍,諸侯講學成學宮叫泮宮,夫子廟的學宮相當於諸侯講學的地方,所以這池稱"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石橋,按等級而論,縣官、學官走中間一座,秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋,有犯上作亂之罪,進退兩難,只好自己跳進了泮池。再請各位看河對岸的一段硃紅色石磚牆,這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建於明萬曆三年(歷澤年),長達110米,為全們照壁之冠。各位遊客:這座夫子廟始建於東晉成帝鹹康三年(337年),當時成帝採納了王導的建議:"治國以培育人才為重",決定立大學於秦淮河畔。原來只建有學宮,孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學富基礎上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市,它包括夫子廟、學宮和貢院三大主要建築群,其範圍南臨秦淮河北岸,北抵建康路東端,東起姚家巷,西止四福巷,規模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞,但各代都加以興修擴建,到清末民初,其樓閣、殿宇的結構和佈局堪稱東南之冠。現在的夫子廟建築,~部分是清代末年重建的,一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看,這座樓閣式建築,叫做奎星閣,它初建於清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建築曾兩次被毀,1985年重建。現在我們來到了清代開闢的廟前廣場,廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑,高有一丈許,上面刻有滿漢兩種文字"文武大臣至此下馬",表示對聖人孔子的崇敬。左側的這座六角重簷亭子叫"聚星亭","聚星"取群星集中,人才薈萃之意。建於明萬曆十四年(1586年),也曾幾經興廢,到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一倖存的清代建築,可惜在1968年被當作"四舊"拆除,1983年又得以重建,恢復了原來的風貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊,叫"天下文樞坊"。請大家繼續隨我往前走。這座門叫櫺星門,這是孔廟的廟門。據傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿,他得人方便高興。門是石結構的,六柱三門,建於明成化十六年(1480年),後來被毀,又於清同治九年(1870年)重建。不過,現在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側便是東市、西市。

大成門-大成殿-學宮

各位遊客:

走過櫺星門,便是孔廟的正門,叫大成門,也叫戟門。門內側有石碑四塊。第一塊是《孔子問禮圖碑》,刻於南朝齊永明二年(484年)。記載了春秋末年奴隸制衰亡之際,孔子出於對周王朝禮樂制度的崇拜,抱著興國安邦、濟世訪賢的願望,於魯昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年),從家鄉曲阜去周王城洛陽考察典章制度,尋求鞏固魯國奴隸主政權辦法的經歷。碑的上半部有"孔子問禮圖,吳敬恆題"的題字。圖中是二人駕車,一組身穿古裝人物在城門前歡迎的場面,還有"永明二年,孔子在魯人周門禮周流"的字樣。這塊碑已有1500多年的歷史了,圖文仍清晰可辨,是難得的珍貴文物。第二塊碑是《集慶孔廟碑》,碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔廟時由盧摯撰寫的,到元至順元年(1330年),由純齋王公書寫刻石。第三塊碑是《封四氏碑》,講的是元至順二年,文宗皇帝詔示:加封顏回、曾參(孔子的兩個弟子)、孔極(孔子的孫子)、孟軻(孔子的再傳弟子)為四亞聖之事。第四塊碑是《封至聖夫人碑》,講的是元至順二年(1331年),文宗皇帝頒旨加封孔子之妻為至聖夫人之事。廟院兩側是碑廊(原來是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位的地方),廊內陳列了當代書法名家的碑刻30塊。現在,請大家隨我從中間的石雨道走。在進大成殿前,我先給大家介紹一下殿前的這個露天台子,這是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古時每年二月、八月的第一個丁日和孔子誕辰這一天(農曆八月二十七日),地方官吏都要在孔廟舉行盛大的祭掃活動。祭祀採用的是酉周奴隸主祭天地鬼神的禮儀,在大成殿前擺上仿青銅器做的祭器,上供牛2頭、豬16頭、羊16頭,以及大量布帛菽粟、乾鮮果品、香紙蠟燭等。主祭人要穿特製的古裝祭服,宣讀祭文,向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩禮,還配有樂隊和舞隊表演,以歌頌孔子,所以大成殿前要設舞臺。現在請各位遊客隨我進人孔廟主殿--大成殿。這是一座氣勢巍峨,重簷廡殿頂,屋脊中央有雙龍戲珠立雕的建築。這種規格的建築在全國也是屈指可數的。"大成"意思是孔子集古聖先賢思想之大成。大成殿內原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒,兩旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。現在的大成殿已被闢為"南京鄉土文化博物館"。請大家再往前走,這裡便是夫子廟的學宮。門楣上方原來有"學宮"匾額,門外柏木牌坊,牌坊上題有"東南第一學"。牌坊的北面是四周圍有木欄的花圃,左右有四書齋,是學子自修讀書的地方。這四齋名稱分別是"志道"、"據德"、"依仁"、"遊藝"。後面是明德堂,這座建築建於南宋紹興九年(1139年),堂名為文天祥所書。明德堂是學子集會的地方,每月朔望(農曆七年級和十五)朝聖後,學子在此集會,訓導師宣講聖教和上諭。東牆有"臥碑",就是訓教的法規。左右橫樑上懸掛著江寧府所屬六縣舉貢員生題額。我們眼前的這座建築是梨香閣,原來是祭祀孔子父母的崇聖祠,現改為遊樂場了。東面那座建築是青雲樓,它建於明萬曆十四年(1586年),是供把歷代督學使的祠堂,初建時為三層樓,因為臨近貢院,為防止有人從樓上偷看貢院,清代時改建成二層樓,上層用作藏書,下層是閱覽室。清末廢除科舉後,改為國小,民國初年改為江寧縣教育會,抗戰時被用作開茶館、歌場,戰後曾先後作為民眾教育館和南京市通志館。這也是舊學宮保留下來的為數不多的建築之一。各位遊客:參觀完學宮建築後,我們再去參觀一下夫子廟的另一座古建築群--貢院。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇10

Located in the south of Jiankang road in Nanjing City, it mainly refers tothe Confucius Temple, Xuegong and Gongyuan, but the streets around these threebuildings are traditionally called Confucius Temple. In the area of about 0.5square kilometers from pingjiangfu road in the east to Zhanyuan road in thewest, there are more than 300 shopping malls and shops, 2 cinemas and manyhotels and amusement parks, etc., and there is an underground commercial streetof about 10000 square meters underground. It can be said that Confucius Templeis a multi-functional service center integrating tourism, culture, commerce,catering and entertainment. More than 150000 people attended the festival,especially during the Jinling Lantern Festival. In 337, the Prime Minister WangDao built a school Palace on the North Bank of the Qinhuai River, which is theearliest building of Confucius Temple.

In 1032, Emperor Renzong built Confucius Temple and Confucius Temple infront of the Academy. Later, it was destroyed several times and rebuilt severaltimes due to war. The present building was rebuilt in 1984. It reproduces thestyle and landscape of Jiangnan market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ConfuciusTemple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, covering an area of26300 square meters. Zhaobi is located on the South Bank of Qinhuai River. It is10 meters high and 110 meters long. The top of the wall is covered with smallcylinder green tiles and the four corners are slightly tilted. Its length is thelongest in China.

There is a crescent shaped panchi on the north bank and a row of carvedstone railings built in the Ming Dynasty on the bank. On the east side of thestone fence is kuiken pavilion with three floors and six flying angles; on thenorth side is Wenshu square with four pillars and three gates, with four goldcharacters "Tianxia Wenshu" engraved in the middle; on the west side is Juxingpavilion with double eaves and carved ridge flying angles, and in front ofDacheng gate is Lingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The buildingshere all have the word "Star", which means that the stars of the world aregathered here. Dachengmen is an ancient building with a beam and a bucket. Ithas a Dragon Ridge and three doors standing side by side. Each door has 45 studsand a faucet ring. On the left and right sides of the gate stand four stonetablets of the Southern Qi, yuan and Song Dynasties, and on both sides of theinner courtyard are corridors connecting the Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is themain building of Confucius Temple. It is 16.2 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and20.9 meters deep. It has seven Ying double eaves, four slopes and five standing carving of dragon and pearl on the main ridge is the first inChina. With 56 huge stones in the hall, it is majestic and spectacular. In frontof the hall, the bronze statue of Confucius in Danlong, 4.18 meters high, is thehighest in China. Outside the walls on both sides of the East and West are theEast and West markets carefully planned and designed according to the style ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly dealing in antique jade, four treasures ofthe study, famous calligraphy and paintings and tourist souvenirs. Located atthe back of Dacheng hall, the academy is composed of Mingde hall, ZunjingPavilion, Chongsheng temple, Qingyun tower and other buildings. It is thehighest Academy in ancient state capital. Mingde hall is the main hall of theAcademy, which is now a playground.

From Wenshufang to the East, you can see a square three story woodenstructure building with a bucket arch and cornice Mingyuan building. It is thecentral building of the former Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is the place to monitorexaminees and issue orders during examinations. On both sides of the courtyardbehind the building are the imperial examination houses of the Ming and QingDynasties. The house is about 1.5 meters long and wide. There are only twoboards on the top and the bottom, with tables on the top and benches on thebottom. The examinees eat, drink and sleep in this narrow space for a few the food they bring in should be checked, and even the steamed bread shouldbe cut to prevent cheating. In its heyday, Jiangnan Gongyuan covered an area ofmore than 70000 square meters, with 20644 houses, the largest scale of Gongyuanin China. Mingyuanlou is now known as "Jiangnan Gongyuan site", which is aprovincial cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Temple in history usedto be an abnormal bustling city, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenit opened in autumn, tens of thousands of candidates (up to 20000 people)gathered here, so bookstores, teahouses and inns came into being, andrestaurants and brothels also proliferated. At that time, some streets andalleys on the South Bank of the Qinhuai River were the "gentle townships" and"gold selling caves" for the children of rich families. There were also manyfamous prostitutes, such as Li Xiangjun and Dong Xiaowan, known as "Qinhuaieight beauties". Today, Meixiang building is rebuilt at 38 chaoku street, whichis open to visitors as Li Xiangjun's former residence.

Wu Jingzi, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, once lived on the Bank ofQinhuai River. After 19 years, he wrote a famous book "scholars' history" whichcriticized the imperial examination system. On the site of his former residence,Qinhuai Water Pavilion, a building of the style of river hall and river house inMing and Qing Dynasties has been built, which is called "Qinhuai family" e are folk activities such as antique wedding and so on. At present, morethan 100 kinds of traditional snacks have been discovered. With foreign fastfood such as KFC and McDonald's, visitors can enjoy them. Jinling LanternFestival is even more famous. It's called the Lantern Festival on the 12th andthe Lantern Festival on the 18th of the first month of the lunar calendar. Infact, since the beginning of the new year, people have been buying, selling andwatching lanterns. There are dozens of colorful lanterns, which make peopledazzled and confused.

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇11

Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Templeis located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple marketare integrated.

Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in ucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, itsfounder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As aplace for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.

Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area ofNanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of SongDynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in YuanDynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, andJiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in theXianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by theJapanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, ConfuciusTemple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan isarranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively completepattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, ConfuciusTemple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuanexhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.

Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, ConfuciusTemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as Wu Jingzi's former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xie's former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.

Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of ConfuciusTemple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi andmufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district inthe East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West citieson the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of Temple market integration in history.

Look at the river in front of the square. It's called Qinhuai River. It'sthe mother river of Nanjing people. It's 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is apart of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu.A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period ofthe Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largestscreen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on theNorth Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. Aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the AntiJapanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of Qinhuai.

The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It gotits name from the Confucian school's advocacy of article morality. Because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which iscalled "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you havea chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.

A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of WangXie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in TangDynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xie's former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties inNanjing." You can visit it when you have time.

Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to theLingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.

The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has onlyone floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. Inthe East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The KuixingPavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces QinhuaiRiver. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui ZhuWen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore,Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuangPavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.

The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" inancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor toworship Confucius.

After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dachenghall.

Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, withZhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the East, there are the stele of fengzhisheng's wife in 1331, the remnantstele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picturestele of Confucius asking for rites.

On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofConfucius' twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ranYong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of HanDynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.

Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong,commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. It's made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. It'sexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius' gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.

At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius TempleDacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall"ucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers toConfucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confuciusis the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the bird's kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernConfucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of theperformances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofConfucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen andYanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.

38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "Confucius' holy trace". They are made ofinner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi,Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takesthree years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts theChinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. Theshape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the ErlongWulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, thename Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, YanYingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help peopleout. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chimeby Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggongabout Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtanritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhirenbiegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and TangWenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theConstitution for all ages.".

From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district throughDongshi.

Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the ConfuciusTemple area.

The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. Therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to ConfuciusTemple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion,Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of theschool is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors' preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Templecomplex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of theSouthern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender Hechanged "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of MingDynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics andteaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing sideby side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjingacademy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty,Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highlandbehind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. AllConfucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajingperiod of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperor's motto of "JingyiZhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to Confucianism.

After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past GongyuanWest Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. Inaddition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank youfor your support and cooperation!

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇12

好,我們已到了始建於1168年的江南貢院遺址。江南貢院是專門用來考試的場所,起初規模並不大,只供府、縣學考試之用。明初鄉試、會試集中在此舉行。後貢院規模擴大,待到清朝,正式定名為江南貢院,已經是規模空前,形成東起姚家巷,西至學宮、孔廟,南臨秦淮河,北抵建康路的方形整體,其號舍達兩萬多個,在當時全國貢院中首屈一指。民國之後,貢院冷落,只有明遠樓等,作為歷史文物被保留下來。

我們現在看到的明遠樓,上下三層,四四方方,飛簷出甍,面面皆窗,它本是貢院舉行考試期間用來警戒和發號施令之所。如今樓下拱門內保留的明、清和民國年間的石碑,詳盡記載了江南貢院的盛衰歷史。為有效地儲存封建時代科舉考場的情景,80年代中期,有關部門在此建立了“江南貢院陳列館”,復建了以“千字文”命名的部分號舍,陳列了神態各異的應試學子的塑像,供人們參觀。同時,遊人們還可以親自體會一下“金榜題名”的古趣。各位朋友,您不想試一試?

遊罷夫子廟的主要觀光點,我們大概可以把夫子廟的特點歸納為以下兩點。

第一,夫子廟是一個廟市合一的活動場所,這是其最大特色,而其他城市的孔廟建築及其文化氛圍通常與商業文明、市井文化相隔離。在夫子廟,一方面是圍牆內嚴謹的文化氛圍;另一方面是圍牆外、秦淮河兩岸充滿活力的商業文明,如工藝美術品、小商品、花鳥及現代商場、批銷中心,以及業經去其糟粕、取其精華的俗文化,如傳統的民風民俗—秦淮燈綵、秦淮風味小吃、雲錦工藝、南京白局等,一應俱全,充分體現了夫子廟的繁華和與眾不同。學宮、孔廟與市場(東西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民風民俗等)和諧相處,高雅的儒學文化與通俗的市井文化、商業文化相互相容、共同發展,形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二,夫子廟建築佈局中有許多中國之最。如象徵南京母親河—秦淮河的長達110米的高大照壁,是全國最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的,是所有孔廟中獨一無二的。由此可知,秦淮河在夫子廟的歷史演變過程中的影響是非常重要的。南京夫子廟學宮明德堂的名稱在全國也是少有的;大成殿“三寶”—孔子畫像、雕像和孔子生平事蹟壁畫,堪稱全國之最。值得一提的是,由於南京夫子廟的與眾不同,地方政府和國家旅遊局自80年代以來,開發並形成了以夫子廟為中心的秦淮風光帶。在東起東水關、西迄西水關的十里秦淮,發掘出那些被歷史湮沒的秦淮勝蹟,如瞻園、白鷺州、中華門城堡以及桃葉渡至鎮淮橋一帶的秦淮水上游和沿河景觀,即所謂的“四點一線”,形成了集山水、園林、市街、河房河廳和民風民俗於一體的綜合旅遊區。現已佈局井然,初具規模,景緻獨特,美不勝收,成為全國旅遊景區四十佳之一。基於此,有關部門還開闢了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅遊線路和陸上游一條線,成為繼“湖南路燈光夜市”後又一顆照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”,使得夜晚的南京城更顯魅力。

各位朋友,夫子廟的遊覽就到此結束了,感謝大家的支援和合作!

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇13

南京夫子廟,常簡稱夫子廟,是一座位於南京市秦淮河北岸貢院街的孔廟。“夫子”是孔子弟子對孔子的尊稱。目前以夫子廟為中心、廟市街景合一的秦淮風光景區是集文化、旅遊、購物、服務等功能於一體的文化活動中心。附近有夫子廟國小。

夫子廟景區的古建築群由孔廟、學宮、江南貢院等組成,六朝至明清時,世家大族多聚於夫子廟一帶,素有“六朝金粉地”之稱,為江南文化樞紐之地,是秦淮風光的核心地帶。夫子廟街市是中國著名的傳統古街市。每年的春節至元宵節期間在夫子廟舉行的金陵燈會是南京春節最重要的活動之一。

夫子廟始建於宋景佑元年(1034年),由東晉學宮舊址擴建而成,稱文宣王廟。南宋建炎時為兵火所毀,紹興年間重建,為建康府學,同時建科舉考場江南貢院;元朝為集慶路學,明初為國子監,後為應天府學;清朝成為江寧、上元兩縣縣學,同治八年(1869年)重建之後,於1937年遭侵華日軍焚燒而嚴重損毀。

1984年,市、區人民政府為保護古都文化遺產,經有關專家科學論證和規劃,幾度撥專款,歷數年的精心維修和復建。如今的夫子廟已煥然一新,再展輝煌。被譽為秦淮名勝而成為古城南京的特色景觀區,也是蜚聲中外的旅遊勝地。1991年被國家評為“中國旅遊勝地四十佳”之一。

夫子廟前以秦淮河為泮池,北岸由整石雕琢成的石欄建於明正德九年(1514年),是南京夫子廟保留最完好的古代建築;南岸石磚牆為照壁,建於明萬曆三年(1575年),長110米,高10米;北岸廟前有聚星亭、思樂亭;中軸線上有櫺星門、大成門、大成殿、明德堂、尊經閣;廟東有魁星閣。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇14

在夫子廟的東邊有座江南貢院,是當年科舉考試場所,也是我國古代最大的科舉考試的遺。科舉制度發源於隋唐時期,當時有號20644間。科舉考試分為院試、鄉試、會試、殿試四個等級。在院試會考中的是生員,也就是“秀才”,秀才參加第二級考試“鄉試”,考中的人稱“舉人”,舉人蔘加第三級考試“會試”,會試考中是“貢士”,貢士有資格參加最高一級的考試“殿試”,由皇帝主考,第一名是狀元,第二名是榜眼,第三名是探花。

在夫子廟周圍還有一些著名的景點,東晉書法家王獻之迎接愛妾桃葉的桃葉渡;吳敬梓故居陳列館;東晉名望族王導、謝安古居及烏衣巷;明末傳奇風塵女子李香君媚香樓等。好,遊客們,今天的遊覽至此結束,再見!

問答

1、孔子生平及主要著作?

孔子,魯國人,名丘,字仲尼。出生於公元前551年,死於公元前479

年,享年73歲。是儒家學派的創始人,我國古代著名的思想家教育家。他編訂了《詩》《書》《禮》易》《樂》《春秋》,其中《詩經》是我國最早的詩歌總集,他還編寫了現存最早的偏年史《春秋》

2、夫子廟在我國眾多孔廟中有哪些特點?

廟市合一,它先有學宮後有孔廟,有全國最大的照璧(長110米,高10米),有唯一用天然河道形成的泮池,有全國最大的孔子銅像,畫像。

3、夫子廟的建築特色及旅遊特點是什麼?

“青磚小瓦馬頭牆,迴廊掛落花閣窗”的典型徽派建築風格,集廟、市、景合一。

4、什麼是泮池,照壁有什麼作用?

所謂天子之學為“雍”,諸侯之學稱為“泮”。當年魯國於泮水河畔建學宮,後人紛紛效仿,在孔廟前修一水池稱為泮池。南京夫子廟前的泮池是利用天然河道內秦淮河而形成的。照壁起遮蔽和裝飾用。

5、夫子廟的泮池和寺廟前的放生池有什麼區別?

相同點是古代的木結構建築易起火,泮池和放生池都是便於防火救火。 不同點:夫子廟前的泮池為月牙形,沿襲傳統,教化黎民百姓像流水一樣源遠流長。

寺廟前的放生池為圓形或半圓形,是供寺廟內和尚放生用的。

6、桃花扇是一部什麼樣的書?講述了什麼故事?

《桃花扇》是一部以南明王朝的興亡為內容的歷史悲劇,共40出,故事內容是以復社名士侯方域與秦淮名妓李香君的愛情故事為主線,深刻地反映了南明王朝滅亡的歷史和當時的社會面貌,揭露了南明王朝政治的腐敗和衰亡原因,作者的創作意圖是“借離合之情,寫興亡之感”,以巨大的藝術感染力,吸引了眾多的讀者和觀眾。

7、國子監是一個什麼樣的機構?

明代的國子監是當時我國最大的國立大學,他們除了教學授課外,還整理編訂了世界上最大的一部百科全書《永樂大典》。國子監學生最多時多達9972名。

8、“文德橋的欄杆—靠不住院”是什麼意思?

因文德橋在每年的陰曆十一月十五子時,月正當頭,人立橋頭自顧無影,橋的東西水面各有一半牙兒的倒影,相傳古人在橋上爭看這一奇景,曾數次將橋欄杆擠塌,故有此說,現在這句歇後語形容好說大話,吹牛皮的人。

9、 為何何孔廟的門都叫“大成門”,大殿都叫“大成殿”

表示孔子是中國古代文化的集大成者。

10、 大成門內四塊碑的名稱,內容是什麼?

a)孔子問禮圖碑:記載孔子抱著興國安邦,濟世訪賢的願望,從山東曲阜前往洛陽尋求鞏固魯國政權的辦法,圖上繪的是孔子跪在洛陽城門外,向坐在馬車上的老子請教。

b) 《集慶孔子廟碑》撰寫碑文的是元朝翰林院學士盧摯,內容是“詔以興學作士為王政”強調教育及培養人才是立國之本。

c) 《封四氏碑》:是元文宗加封孔子最有成就的弟子顏回、曾參、孔伋、孟軻為四亞聖,刻於1331年

d) 《封至聖夫人碑》是元文宗加封孔子夫人的碑,因孔子在元朝被封為大成至聖文宣王,所以加封孔子夫人為至聖夫人,刻於1331年。

11、 中國科舉制度始於何年,終於何年?始於隋朝,終於清末1905年。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇15

"L'herbe sauvage près du pont zhuque, le coucher de soleil à l'entrée de laruelle Wuyi..."C'était ma première connaissance du temple Confucius quandj'étais enfant.

Je ne sais pas, j'ai vous êtes un touriste, vous êtes déjà venu àNanjing, mais vous n'êtes pas allé au temple Confucius, c'est vraimentblanc!

Le temple Confucius est un lieu pittoresque célèbre à Nanjing avec unelongue temple Confucius s'appuie sur la rivière Qinhuai, qui est laRivière mère de Nanjing, tout comme la rivière Yangtze et la rivière jaune rivière Qinhuai est bordée de vagues bleues et scintillantes. De tempsen temps, de jolis petits poissons sautent de l'eau. Asseyez - vous sur lebateau de peinture du temple Confucius et regardez le paysage. Il n'y a pas dego?t.

Pour voir le temple du ma?tre, venez la nuit.? ce moment - là, le templeConfucius était lumineux et lumineux avec des néons colorés. Il semblait quel'aurore s'était produite au - dessus de la ville. Il était magnifique. En cemoment, les gens sont venus au temple Confucius pour errer malgré la fatigue dela ? Ha ha ha, pas de problème! Folloe me! Soupe de vermicelles de sangde canard, sac de soupe de jus de poulet, kebabs d'agneau, pas assez pour KFC!McDonald's aussi! Et des collations classiques comme le tofu puant ! Et le canard d'eau salée! Le canard d'eau salée est unespécialité de Nanjing! Bienvenue à déguster! L'un des canards d'eau salée est lecanard osmanthus, qui est raffiné au niveau du Canard d d'eau salée et contientl'odeur douce de l' temple Confucius quand les gens ne sont pas "lepont lion n° 2" juste manger, il ya aussi beaucoup de magasins à la mode s?r, vos yeux ne seront pas oisifs, le temple Confucius est un ancienb?timent il y a longtemps, contient la saveur de l'ancien Nanjing, les murs dela sculpture fine, le toit des motifs nationaux magnifiques, ne peut pas ê plus, la rivière Qinhuai était plus belle cette nuit - là, et l'eauclaire reflétait le ciel étoilé, les arbres verts, les b?timents et les lumièrescolorées qui illuminaient la rivière Qinhuai.

Au festival des lanternes, le temple Confucius est encore plus bondé degens. Il y a de petits magasins vendant des Lanternes dans les rues et lesruelles. Il y a de belles lanternes de lapin, des Lanternes de cheval ancienneset des Lanternes de plus des lanternes, il y a beaucoup de magasinsde lanternes dans le temple du ma?tre pendant les jours du Festival lanternes sont grandes et petites, les grandes contiennent dusésame, les petites bulles d'eau sucrée, sont très savoureuses.

Nous croyons que non seulement le temple Confucius, mais aussi Nanjing,cette ville historique, l'avenir sera plus beau!

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇16

各位遊客,大家好!我們今天要參觀的是位於秦淮河畔的夫子廟。說起夫子廟,我們還得先來談談南京人的母親河-----秦淮河。秦淮河又名淮水、小江、龍藏浦,是南京文化的古老淵源。它從東水關入城,從西水關出城,流經夫子廟前的這一段長約十華里,因此被稱為“十里秦淮”。從古至今,秦淮河的兩岸就是一派繁華的景象,唐人杜牧的詩是這樣說的:“煙籠寒水月籠沙,夜泊秦淮近酒家。商女不知亡國恨,隔江猶唱後庭花”,一首詩說盡了秦淮河的繁華。解放以後,經過南京市政府的大力建設,今天的十里秦淮已成為展現江南特有風貌的國家5A級風景名勝區。

夫子廟共包括孔廟、學宮、貢院三大建築群,東晉年間,朝廷在這裡興建了學宮;宋代在東晉學宮的舊址上擴建了夫子廟;南宋又開設了科舉考場----貢院。然而,夫子廟在歷史上曾經五毀五建,最後一次是在1937年毀於侵華日軍的戰火,今天的夫子廟是1984年以後重新修建的。

廟前廣場(2分鐘)

各位遊客,現在我們來到的是孔廟前的廣場。廟市合一是夫子廟最顯著的特點之一。廣場縱向為廟,橫向為市,廟市合一,獨具氛圍。位於大家身後的這堵紅牆稱為照壁,具有遮蔽、避邪及裝飾的作用,全長110米,是我國照壁之最。照壁前的這個半圓形的水池稱為泮池,古時皇帝講學的地方叫辟雍,諸侯講學的學宮叫泮宮,夫子廟的學宮等級相當於諸侯講學的地方,所以這池便稱為泮池,位於泮池西側的這座橋叫文德橋,因儒家提倡文章道德而得名,由於橋向與子午線方向一致,因此每年農曆十一月十五日子時左右,天上明月的倒影便會被橋影分成兩半,這一奇觀被稱為“文德分月”。文德橋畔廣場西側有一聚星亭,取“群星集中,人才薈萃”之意。迎面這個大牌坊,是“天下文樞坊”。造型為四柱三門,它的意思是說這裡是天下文化的中心。牌坊南側有魁星閣,古有“奎主文章”之說,魁星是文運興旺之兆,也是科舉考試奪魁的象徵,因而,魁星被歷代學子奉為神靈。在廣場北方便是櫺星門,相傳櫺星是天上的文星,是主管教化的星宿,取名之由是表示天下文人學士集學於此的意思。

大成門、露臺(1分鐘)

大成門是大成殿的正門,也是夫子廟的正大門。在古代森嚴的封建等級制度下,只有官員可以從大成門出入,一般士子只能從旁門進出。門後兩側牆壁上鐫刻兩個大字,分別為“禮”和“仁”,是孔子思想的核心,也是其本人畢生追求的目標。在大成門後,大成殿前有一甬道,甬道兩旁立有孔子十二位門生中的八位,均由漢白玉雕刻而成,分別為閔損、冉耕、冉求、端木賜、冉庸、宰予、言偃和仲由。甬道的盡頭為露臺,高1.4米,東西長21.8米,南北寬14米,四周圍以石欄,前有二龍戲珠丹陛石,兩側立有石燈,露臺是舉行祭祀和歌舞的地方,露臺正中有一尊孔子銅像,銅像前設有鐵香爐,上刻“至聖先師”是對孔子的尊稱。銅像高4.18米,重2.37噸,是國內孔廟中最大的一尊銅像。露臺兩旁原是兩廡,是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位和存放祭祀、儀禮、佾舞用具的處所,現縮為小兩廡,改為碑廊,陳列有趙樸初、林散之、武中奇等著名書法家墨跡的石碑30餘塊,供遊人欣賞。

大成殿(2分鐘)

大成殿是夫子廟的標誌性建築,高16.22米,寬27.3米,進深27.9米。正面屋簷下海藍色豎匾上書“大成殿”三個字。大成殿屋脊鴟吻中有二龍戲珠立雕,這在國內同類建築中屬首創之作,屋面覆蓋青色小瓦所體現的輕靈秀美之勢,與北方孔廟採用黃色琉璃瓦所體現的恢弘氣勢明顯不一樣,更顯隨和、入俗,這也是南京夫子廟更接近民俗文化的表現之一。殿中央陳列有國內最大的孔子畫像,畫像上方掛三塊匾額都是出自歷代皇帝之手,分別為康熙所書“萬世師表”、乾隆所書“與天地參”以及光緒所書“斯文在茲”。在畫像前兩側立有孔子的四位門生,即孟子、孔汲、曾參、顏回,前面還有琴、古箏、鼓等古代樂器。在四周牆壁上有38幅反映孔子生平事蹟的鑲嵌壁畫,為《孔子聖蹟圖》,由浙江樂清200名匠師採用取自浙江、福建、內蒙古、廣東、廣西等地的玉石、雞血凍、壽山石等石中名品及黃金、珠寶等貴重飾件,耗3年之工雕成,總投資580萬元人民幣,現價值人民幣1億多元,這38幅壁畫分別為:聖蹟之圖、題首前言、尼山致禱、麒麟玉書、二龍五老等。

碑刻(1分鐘)

由大成殿出,右手邊的古井即玉兔泉,據記載,玉兔泉是由秦檜發現並挖掘的。泉旁側立有《籌措朝考盤費碑》,記載了兩江總督時期李鴻章、左宗棠捐助考生進京會考費用的一段歷史。另一側還有四塊碑,其中最著名的是刻於南朝時期的《孔子問禮圖碑》,記載了春秋末期奴隸制即將瓦解之際,孔子為維護奴隸制從魯國到周天子所生活的城市洛陽尋訪典章制度,向老子請教問禮的故事,另外是南京市僅存的三塊元碑《集慶孔子廟碑》《封至聖夫人碑》和《封四氏碑》。

A學宮 :學宮大門(30秒) 明德堂(1分30秒) 尊經閣及其周邊(1分鐘)

學宮位於大成殿後方,南向門楣上書“大明國子學”,由曾國藩題寫,北向門楣上書“東南第一學”,由清乾隆時期文武雙科狀元秦大士題寫。走進學宮大門,可以看見左右兩個亭子中豎有一鍾一鼓,亭額上分別寫有“習禮”“仰聖”四個字,是古時士子們用於祭拜孔子的。

正對著學宮大門的是明德堂,堂名由文天祥題寫,明德堂是學子集會的地方,每月朔望朝聖後,學子們便在此集會,訓導師宣講聖教和上諭,以培養學子們忠君愛國的思想。明德堂原名“明倫堂”,當年元軍即將攻克南京時,文天祥為了表明他寧死不屈的決心和效忠國家、報效民眾之志氣,親自手書改“明倫堂”為“明德堂”,故保留至今。

明德堂後的尊經閣高三層,重簷丁字脊歇山頂,是當年存放儒家典籍,教諭講課的講堂,現為民俗風情陳列館。與尊經閣並排而立的是崇聖祠和青雲樓,尊經書院分置尊經閣後兩邊,崇聖祠原為專奉孔子先輩之所,現為梨園。青雲樓在清朝時改為圖書館。尊經書院為講課之所,相當於現在的教室。尊經閣後的小高地叫衛山,建有敬一亭,所謂“敬一”就是對孔學的敬業之情。

其他(1分鐘)

各位遊客,白天的夫子廟繁華熱鬧,晚上的夫子廟更是流光溢彩!早在南北朝時期,秦淮河上就又金陵燈會,明朝時更是達到了頂峰,槳聲燈影裡的秦淮河,可謂天下一絕。今天的夫子廟沿襲了“青磚小瓦馬頭牆,迴廊掛落花隔窗”的徽派建築風格。遊客來到這裡,不僅能夠領略傳統文化,還能飽嘗獨具風味的秦淮小吃,探尋秦淮八豔的傳奇故事,乘上秦淮畫舫飽覽兩岸風光或者去探尋烏衣巷、王導謝安故居、李香君故居等名人蹤跡,都是賞心樂事。我的講解到此結束,謝謝大家!

B貢院 前街、明遠樓(1分30秒)

現在我們來到的是貢院前街,在街道中豎立著六尊人物雕像,他們都是歷朝歷代從這裡走出去的才子,分別有唐寅、吳承恩、鄭板橋、吳敬梓、林則徐和張謇。在雕塑的東側,立有石碑11塊,記載著這座貢院的歷史興衰以及各朝皇帝、大臣、名士對貢院的讚譽、評價和題詠,前街正前方是貢院,貢院牌坊上有李漁題寫的楹聯,始建於南宋,是專門用於舉行科舉考試的場所。起初,應試人數不多,規模也不大,僅僅供府、縣學的考試之用,偶遇考生增多的年份,甚至需要借用寺廟作為臨時考場,時至明永樂年間,重建了這座貢院,後南京貢院的規模不斷擴大,待至清正式定名為“江南貢院”時,已達到空前之勢,形成了東起姚家巷,西至學宮、孔廟,南臨秦淮河,北抵建康路的方形整體,號舍多達兩萬多間。民國之後,貢院冷落,直至今日,只有明遠樓作為歷史文物被保留了下來。明遠樓是歷屆科舉考試時用於警戒和發號施令之所。一樓拱門內保留有明、清和民國年間的石碑,詳盡記載了江南貢院的盛衰歷史,有效地儲存了封建時代科舉考場的情景。20世紀80年代有關部門在此建立了“江南貢院陳列館”。

號舍(1分鐘)

現在貢院內恢復了四十餘間號舍,以千字文為序,號舍高6尺,深4尺,寬3尺,面積不超過1.5平方米,裡面僅陳列一上一下兩塊板而已。考生要在裡面待上9天考上三場,吃喝拉撒睡考全在這裡。白天他們在案板上答卷,晚上就在案板上合衣而眠。我們可以想象當年考試的艱辛,貢院西側的號巷內用蠟像展示了考生百態,東側為遊客體驗區,有興趣的朋友可以體驗一下。

至公堂(1分30秒)

科舉始於隋唐,止於晚清,長達1320xx年,在明清時期逐漸形成了童試、鄉試、會試、殿試四個等級的考試。前方大家看到的“至公堂”過去是主考官辦公地,至公二字取意考試“公平、公正、平等”,現在是科舉陳列室,分為東中西三個展廳,中間的展廳是科舉文化陳列室,內有一尊魁星點鬥、獨佔熬頭的雕塑,旁邊的這組橫型展示了當年狀元高中跨馬遊街的情形,非常壯觀。四周牆壁上展出的圖片資料介紹了中國科舉制度的起源、發展。東側的狀元廳內展出了中國曆代狀元名錄。而西側的是名人廳,裡面展出了和江南貢院有關的名人,還有和科舉有關的一些圖片資料和實物資料。

關於夫子廟的講解就到此結束了,謝謝大家!

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇17

夫子廟導遊詞位於南京市健康路以南,主要指的是孔廟、學宮、貢院三大建築群,但習慣上將圍繞這三大建築群一帶的街道都稱做夫子廟。在東自平江府路

,西至瞻園路的約0.5平方公里的範圍內有商場商店300多家、影劇院2家及諸多賓館及遊樂場等,地下還有一個約10000平方米的

地下商業街。可以說夫子廟是一個集旅遊、文化、商業、餐飲、娛樂等多功能的服務中心。節假日的人流量達15萬人次以上,逢金陵燈會期間

更是盛況空前。東晉鹹康三年,(337年)丞相王導在秦淮河北岸建學宮,這是夫子廟的最早建築。宋明道元年(1032年)宋仁宗在學宮

前建孔廟,彌夫子廟。後因戰亂幾次被毀,幾次重建。現在的建築為1984年重新規劃修建起來的。它重現了明清時代江南街市的風貌景觀

,一派古色古香。孔廟是祭祀孔子的地方,佔地2.63萬平方米。照壁在秦淮河南岸,高10米、長110米,壁頂覆小圓筒青瓦,四角略

翹,其長度為我國照壁之最。河北岸有彎月形泮池,岸上還有一排明代建成的雕鏤石欄。石欄東邊是三層六面飛角的奎墾閣;北面是四柱三門

的文樞坊,中間上刻“天下文樞”四個金字;西面是重簷雕脊飛角的聚星亭,大成門前是六柱三門石砌的櫺星門。此處建築皆帶“星”字,意指

天下文曲星集於此地。大成門為古代抬樑穿鬥式建築,翹角龍脊,三門並立,每扇門上有45枚門釘及龍頭銜環。門內左右兩側立南齊、元、宋

時期的石碑四塊,內院兩側有廊連線大成殿。大成殿是孔廟的主體建築,高16.2米、寬27.3米、深20.9米,七楹重簷,四坡

五脊,主脊上的雙龍戲珠立雕為國內首創,加上全殿的56根巨型石往,巍峨壯觀。殿前丹墀正中立孔子銅像,高4.18米,為全國之冠。

東西兩側圍牆外是按明清風格精心規劃設計的東西市場,以經營古玩玉器、文房四寶、名家字畫及旅遊紀念品為主。學宮位於大成殿後,由明

德堂、尊經閣、崇聖祠、青雲樓等一組建築組成,是古代州府的最高學府,明德堂是學宮的正堂,現闢為遊樂場。由文樞坊向東左拐即可見到

一座斗拱飛簷的正方型三層木結構建築——明遠樓。它是原江南貢院的中心建築,是考試期間監視考生和釋出命令的地方。樓後院落兩側是仿明

清時科舉考試的號舍,號舍長寬約1.5米,僅有上、下兩塊木板,上為桌、下為凳。考試幾天考生吃喝睡全在這狹小的空間內,帶進去的食

物全要檢查,連饅頭也要切開看,以防夾帶作弊。最盛時期,江南貢院佔地7萬多平方米,號舍20644間,規模為全國貢院之首。明遠樓現

稱“江南貢院遺址”,為省級文物保護單位。歷史上的夫子廟曾經是一個畸型的繁華鬧市,特別是明清時期,每逢開科秋闈,上萬名(最多達

2萬多人)考生雲集於此,於是書肆、茶館、客棧應運而生,酒樓妓院也就滋生蔓延。當年秦淮河南岸的一些街巷即為富家子弟的“溫柔鄉”

、“銷金窟”。還出過不少名妓,如李香君、董小宛等被稱為“秦淮八豔”。今在鈔庫街38號重建了媚香樓,做為李香君故居對遊人開放。

清代著名作家吳敬梓曾居住於秦淮河畔,歷經20xx年,在此寫出了抨擊科舉制度的名著《儒林外史》。在他的故居——秦淮水亭的遺址上如今

建起了明清河廳河房式樣的建築,為“秦淮人家”賓館。內設拾風堂,舉行仿古婚禮等民俗活動。遊覽夫子廟還可以順便品嚐秦淮風味小吃,目

前已挖掘出傳統小吃品種100多個,加上洋快餐肯德基、麥當勞,足可讓遊人大快朵頤。金陵燈會更是遠近聞名,名為農曆正月十二上燈

,十八落燈,其實從年七年級開始,買燈、賣燈和觀燈者即人如潮湧,各色彩燈達數十種,使人眼花綴亂,目不暇接。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇18

各位遊客:現在我們來到了秦淮河畔,河中的畫防都是仿照明代建築風格製造的,船頭掛有大紅綵球和紅燈籠。每當元宵節南京人習慣來這裡遊玩賞燈。這種風氣在明代就已盛行,據說明朝建都後,朱元津微服巡察京城。當他來到秦淮河畔,看到兩岸綠樹成蔭,河水清澈,亭臺樓閣,風景宜人,隨口說了句:“惜河中缺遊船。”皇帝開了金口,左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫,以博取皇帝歡心。從此,秦淮畫訪成了這裡的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳節時分,更是河上水燈萬盞齊放,兩岸龍燈飛舞,歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲,連綿不絕,通宵達旦,真可謂“秦淮燈火甲天下”。難怪南京有“家家走橋,人人看燈”的民諺。

我們眼前的這段秦淮河,自宋以後就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池,又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學的學宮叫辟雍,諸侯講學成學宮叫泮宮,夫子廟的學宮相當於諸侯講學的地方,所以這池稱“泮池”。泮池上一般建有三座石橋,按等級而論,縣官、學官走中間一座,秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋,有犯上作亂之罪,進退兩難,只好自己跳進了泮池。

再請各位看河對岸的一段硃紅色石磚牆,這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建於明萬曆三年(歷澤年),長達110米,為全們照壁之冠。各位遊客:這座夫子廟始建於東晉成帝鹹康三年(337年),當時成帝採納了王導的建議:“治國以培育人才為重”,決定立大學於秦淮河畔。原來只建有學宮,孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學富基礎上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市,它包括夫子廟、學宮和貢院三大主要建築群,其範圍南臨秦淮河北岸,北抵建康路東端,東起姚家巷,西止四福巷,規模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞,但各代都加以興修擴建,到清末民初,其樓閣、殿宇的結構和佈局堪稱東南之冠。現在的夫子廟建築,~部分是清代末年重建的,一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看,這座樓閣式建築,叫做奎星閣,它初建於清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建築曾兩次被毀,1985年重建。

現在我們來到了清代開闢的廟前廣場,廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑,高有一丈許,上面刻有滿漢兩種文字“文武大臣至此下馬”,表示對聖人孔子的崇敬。左側的這座六角重簷亭子叫“聚星亭”,“聚星”取群星集中,人才薈萃之意。建於明萬曆十四年(1586年),也曾幾經興廢,到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一倖存的清代建築,可惜在1968年被當作“四舊”拆除,1983年又得以重建,恢復了原來的風貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊,叫“天下文樞坊”。請大家繼續隨我往前走。這座門叫櫺星門,這是孔廟的廟門。據傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿,他得人方便高興。門是石結構的,六柱三門,建於明成化十六年(1480年),後來被毀,又於清同治九年(1870年)重建。不過,現在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側便是東市、西市。

南京夫子廟導遊詞簡短 篇19

Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mu's poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,today's ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.

The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was ver, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Today's ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.

Temple Square (2 minutes)

Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.

Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)

Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius' thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.

Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)

Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius' miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.

Inscriptions (1 minute)

From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang's donation of examinees'fees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.

A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)

The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.

Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.

The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confucius'ancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.

Other (1 minute)

Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Today's Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xie'an and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!

B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)

Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was l today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical yuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.

Dormitory (1 minute)

Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees' the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.

To court (1 minute 30 seconds)

The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, children'sexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixing'sfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No It's often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of China's imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.

This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!