Located in the south of Jiankang road in Nanjing City, it mainly refers tothe Confucius Temple, Xuegong and Gongyuan, but the streets around these threebuildings are traditionally called Confucius Temple. In the area of about 0.5square kilometers from pingjiangfu road in the east to Zhanyuan road in thewest, there are more than 300 shopping malls and shops, 2 cinemas and manyhotels and amusement parks, etc., and there is an underground commercial streetof about 10000 square meters underground. It can be said that Confucius Templeis a multi-functional service center integrating tourism, culture, commerce,catering and entertainment. More than 150000 people attended the festival,especially during the Jinling Lantern Festival. In 337, the Prime Minister WangDao built a school Palace on the North Bank of the Qinhuai River, which is theearliest building of Confucius Temple.
In 1032, Emperor Renzong built Confucius Temple and Confucius Temple infront of the Academy. Later, it was destroyed several times and rebuilt severaltimes due to war. The present building was rebuilt in 1984. It reproduces thestyle and landscape of Jiangnan market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ConfuciusTemple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, covering an area of26300 square meters. Zhaobi is located on the South Bank of Qinhuai River. It is10 meters high and 110 meters long. The top of the wall is covered with smallcylinder green tiles and the four corners are slightly tilted. Its length is thelongest in China.
There is a crescent shaped panchi on the north bank and a row of carvedstone railings built in the Ming Dynasty on the bank. On the east side of thestone fence is kuiken pavilion with three floors and six flying angles; on thenorth side is Wenshu square with four pillars and three gates, with four goldcharacters "Tianxia Wenshu" engraved in the middle; on the west side is Juxingpavilion with double eaves and carved ridge flying angles, and in front ofDacheng gate is Lingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The buildingshere all have the word "Star", which means that the stars of the world aregathered here. Dachengmen is an ancient building with a beam and a bucket. Ithas a Dragon Ridge and three doors standing side by side. Each door has 45 studsand a faucet ring. On the left and right sides of the gate stand four stonetablets of the Southern Qi, yuan and Song Dynasties, and on both sides of theinner courtyard are corridors connecting the Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is themain building of Confucius Temple. It is 16.2 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and20.9 meters deep. It has seven Ying double eaves, four slopes and five standing carving of dragon and pearl on the main ridge is the first inChina. With 56 huge stones in the hall, it is majestic and spectacular. In frontof the hall, the bronze statue of Confucius in Danlong, 4.18 meters high, is thehighest in China. Outside the walls on both sides of the East and West are theEast and West markets carefully planned and designed according to the style ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly dealing in antique jade, four treasures ofthe study, famous calligraphy and paintings and tourist souvenirs. Located atthe back of Dacheng hall, the academy is composed of Mingde hall, ZunjingPavilion, Chongsheng temple, Qingyun tower and other buildings. It is thehighest Academy in ancient state capital. Mingde hall is the main hall of theAcademy, which is now a playground.
From Wenshufang to the East, you can see a square three story woodenstructure building with a bucket arch and cornice Mingyuan building. It is thecentral building of the former Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is the place to monitorexaminees and issue orders during examinations. On both sides of the courtyardbehind the building are the imperial examination houses of the Ming and QingDynasties. The house is about 1.5 meters long and wide. There are only twoboards on the top and the bottom, with tables on the top and benches on thebottom. The examinees eat, drink and sleep in this narrow space for a few the food they bring in should be checked, and even the steamed bread shouldbe cut to prevent cheating. In its heyday, Jiangnan Gongyuan covered an area ofmore than 70000 square meters, with 20644 houses, the largest scale of Gongyuanin China. Mingyuanlou is now known as "Jiangnan Gongyuan site", which is aprovincial cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Temple in history usedto be an abnormal bustling city, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenit opened in autumn, tens of thousands of candidates (up to 20000 people)gathered here, so bookstores, teahouses and inns came into being, andrestaurants and brothels also proliferated. At that time, some streets andalleys on the South Bank of the Qinhuai River were the "gentle townships" and"gold selling caves" for the children of rich families. There were also manyfamous prostitutes, such as Li Xiangjun and Dong Xiaowan, known as "Qinhuaieight beauties". Today, Meixiang building is rebuilt at 38 chaoku street, whichis open to visitors as Li Xiangjun's former residence.
Wu Jingzi, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, once lived on the Bank ofQinhuai River. After 19 years, he wrote a famous book "scholars' history" whichcriticized the imperial examination system. On the site of his former residence,Qinhuai Water Pavilion, a building of the style of river hall and river house inMing and Qing Dynasties has been built, which is called "Qinhuai family" e are folk activities such as antique wedding and so on. At present, morethan 100 kinds of traditional snacks have been discovered. With foreign fastfood such as KFC and McDonald's, visitors can enjoy them. Jinling LanternFestival is even more famous. It's called the Lantern Festival on the 12th andthe Lantern Festival on the 18th of the first month of the lunar calendar. Infact, since the beginning of the new year, people have been buying, selling andwatching lanterns. There are dozens of colorful lanterns, which make peopledazzled and confused.
Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mu's poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,today's ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.
The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was ver, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Today's ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.
Temple Square (2 minutes)
Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.
Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)
Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius' thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.
Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)
Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius' miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.
Inscriptions (1 minute)
From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang's donation of examinees'fees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.
A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)
The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.
Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.
The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confucius'ancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.
Other (1 minute)
Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Today's Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xie'an and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!
B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)
Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was l today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical yuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.
Dormitory (1 minute)
Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees' the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.
To court (1 minute 30 seconds)
The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, children'sexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixing'sfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No It's often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of China's imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.
This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!
Ladies and gentlemen. During yesterday's tour, I arranged for you to visitsuch places of interest as Zhongshan Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, LingguTemple and the former site of the presidential palace. Today, I will take you toQinhuai River and Confucius Temple. Qinhuai River tourist area is located in thesouth of the old urban area of Nanjing. It takes about 20 minutes to get thereby bus from the urban area. It is a tourist destination with Confucius Temple asthe center, integrating sightseeing, shopping and tasting, displaying the styleand features of the ancient city and ethnic customs.
[origin and historical changes of Qinhuai River]
Qinhuai River is a river that once played an important role in thepolitical, economic and cultural development of the ancient city of Nanjing. Itis said that the Qinhuai River is an artificial canal ordered by the firstemperor of Qin Dynasty. When the first emperor of Qin Dynasty visited Kuaiji inthe East, in order to facilitate the navigation of ships, he ordered to digFangshan to connect the Huaihe River with the Yangtze River. However, accordingto geological investigation, Qinhuai River is a natural river with a longhistory. At that time, the ancient river did pass through Fangshan. However, dueto geographical changes, the river changed its course and gradually formed thepresent river. The Qinhuai River in history has a wide channel. Since Yangxingmi, king of Wu in the Five Dynasties, built the stone city in the area ofchangganqiao, the river began to narrow and was divided into the inner and outerQinhuai River. The Inner Qinhuai River flows from the city of dongshuiguan,through the Confucius Temple, and then from the city of xishuiguan in the southof Shuiximen to join the outer Qinhuai River. The total length of the river is10 kilometers. This is the "Ten Mile Qinhuai River" that has been praised andvisited by countless scholars and scholars since ancient times. Li Bai, Liu Yuxiand Du Mu, the great poets of Tang Dynasty, wrote poems for her. Kong Shangren'sPeach Blossom Fan and Wu Jingyang's scholars also vividly described the "ten liQinhuai River".
Compared with the Yangtze River, which flows through the north of NanjingCity, the ancient Qinhuai River is very small, but it is closely related to thebirth and development of Nanjing City, as well as the political, economic andcultural development of Nanjing area. As early as five or six thousand years agoin the Neolithic age, there have been human reproduction. So far, as many as 50or 60 relics of primitive villages have been found along both sides of theriver. In the Six Dynasties and the early Ming Dynasty, the feudal court alwaysregarded it as a natural barrier for the capital and a natural passage for theimperial palace. After the establishment of the capital Jianye (Nanjing), SunQuan of the eastern Wu Dynasty used to make "gate ponds" on both sides of theQinhuai River, which could not only resist the enemy, but also prevent e the Six Dynasties, both sides of the Qinhuai River in the area ofConfucius Temple have been prosperous places with dense residents and connectedmarkets. The Qinhuai River has served as the main channel for foreign trade inNanjing, with boats and boats shuttling through the river. It is said that inthe old days, there were many song houses and restaurants on both sides of theQinhuai River, the river houses and water pavilions were full of splendor, theyacht paintings were well lighted, and the rich and noble lived a life ofpleasure and money. The working people, especially the vast number of women, hada good taste of the bitterness of the world. At that time, prostitutes inNanjing were mostly concentrated on both sides of the Qinhuai River. LiXiangjun, a famous prostitute who is not afraid of power and nobility, isdescribed in Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren, a dramatist in Qing lives by wendeqiao on the South Bank of Qinhuai River.
The beautiful Qinhuai River once flowed the loneliness of the wild age, theprosperity and extravagance since the Six Dynasties, the dirt of the oldsociety, the blood and tears of the working people, and even the blood of theNanjing Massacre. However, today's Qinhuai River, after the precipitation ofhistory and the transformation of the people, has exuded the fragrance of healthand civilization, showing a clear and moving style. It is the witness ofNanjing's history. No wonder people used to take "Qinhuai" as the pronoun ofNanjing.
[Qinhuai boat - Banchi - Zhaobi of Confucius Temple - Square in front ofthe temple - Lingxing gate]
Ladies and gentlemen: now we come to the Bank of the Qinhuai River. Thepainted defenses in the river are all made in the style of Ming Dynastyarchitecture, with big red balls and red lanterns hanging on the bow. Wheneverthe Lantern Festival, Nanjing people used to come here to enjoy the lights. Itis said that after the establishment of the capital of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanjinpaid a visit to the capital. When he came to the Bank of the Qinhuai River, hesaw trees on both sides of the river, clear water, pavilions and pleasantscenery. He said casually, "I'm sorry for the lack of boats in the river." Whenthe emperor opened the golden gate, he sent people all night to build the boatin order to win the favor of the emperor. Since then, Qinhuai painting hasbecome a major feature here. Especially in the Mid Autumn Festival, tens ofthousands of lanterns are in full bloom on the river, and dragon lanterns aredancing on both sides of the river. Songs, drums, cheers and laughter arecontinuous all night. It can be said that "Qinhuai is the best in the world". Nowonder there is a folk saying in Nanjing that "every family walks on the bridge,everyone looks at the light".
This section of Qinhuai River in front of us has become a Confucius Temple(Confucius Temple) and panchi since the Song Dynasty, also known as crescentmoon. In ancient times, the Imperial Academy was called Biyong, and the princes'Academy was called Pangong. The Confucius Temple Academy was equivalent to theplace where the princes gave lectures, so this pool was called "panchi"rally, there are three stone bridges built on panchi. According to thegrade, county officials and students take the middle one, and scholars take thebridges on both sides. It is said that in ancient times, a scholar mistakenlywent to Zhongqiao. He was in a dilemma and had to jump into panchi byhimself.
Please look at a section of vermilion stone brick wall on the other side ofthe river. This is the screen wall of Confucius Temple. Zhaobi was built in thethird year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (Li Ze Nian), 110 meters long, which isthe highest Zhaobi in the whole family. Ladies and gentlemen, this ConfuciusTemple was built in 337, the third year of emperor chengdi of the Eastern JinDynasty. At that time, Emperor chengdi adopted the advice of Wang Dao: "thecultivation of talents is the most important thing in governing the country",and decided to establish the University on the Bank of Qinhuai river. In thefirst year of Jingpai (1034), the Confucius Temple was built on the basis ofXuefu. Therefore, Confucius Temple is a bustling city evolved from a culturaland educational center. It includes three main buildings: Confucius Temple,Academy and Gongyuan. Its scope is adjacent to the North Bank of Qinhuai Riverin the south, the east end of Jiankang road in the north, Yaojia Lane in theEast and Sifu Lane in the West. Although the Confucius Temple was destroyed manytimes, it was built and expanded in different dynasties. By the end of the QingDynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the structure and layout ofits pavilions and temples were the best in the southeast. The present ConfuciusTemple is partly rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty and partly rebuilt in recentyears. Please look back. This pavilion style building is called KuixingPavilion. It was first built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The waterfrontbuilding was destroyed twice and rebuilt in 1985.
Now we come to the square in front of the temple opened up in the QingDynasty. There are two steles standing at the East and West ends of the square,about one foot high, on which are engraved two words in Manchu and Chinese:"Minister of culture and military dismounts here", which shows respect for thesage Confucius. The pavilion with six corners and double eaves on the left iscalled "star gathering Pavilion", which means that all the stars areconcentrated and talents are gathered. It was built in the 14th year of Wanli inthe Ming Dynasty (1586), but it was not rebuilt until the 8th year of Tongzhi inthe Qing Dynasty (1869). This is the only Qing Dynasty building that survivedthe Japanese artillery fire. Unfortunately, it was demolished as "four old" in1968 and rebuilt in 1983, restoring its original style. The memorial archway inthe middle of the square is called "Tianxia Wenshu archway". Please continue tofollow me. This gate is called Lingxing gate, which is the gate of ConfuciusTemple. It is said that TA Xing is the star in charge of education in the is convenient and happy. The gate is a stone structure with six columns andthree gates. It was built in 1480, the 16th year of Chenghua in the MingDynasty. It was later destroyed and rebuilt in 1870. However, the polar gate wesee now was rebuilt in 1983. The East and west sides of the gate are the Eastand West markets.
Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Templeis located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple marketare integrated.
Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in ucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, itsfounder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As aplace for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.
Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area ofNanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of SongDynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in YuanDynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, andJiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in theXianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by theJapanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, ConfuciusTemple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan isarranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively completepattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, ConfuciusTemple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuanexhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.
Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, ConfuciusTemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as Wu Jingzi's former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xie's former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.
Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of ConfuciusTemple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi andmufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district inthe East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West citieson the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of Temple market integration in history.
Look at the river in front of the square. It's called Qinhuai River. It'sthe mother river of Nanjing people. It's 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is apart of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu.A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period ofthe Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largestscreen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on theNorth Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. Aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the AntiJapanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of Qinhuai.
The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It gotits name from the Confucian school's advocacy of article morality. Because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which iscalled "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you havea chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.
A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of WangXie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in TangDynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xie's former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties inNanjing." You can visit it when you have time.
Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to theLingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.
The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has onlyone floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. Inthe East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The KuixingPavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces QinhuaiRiver. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui ZhuWen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore,Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuangPavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.
The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" inancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor toworship Confucius.
After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dachenghall.
Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, withZhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the East, there are the stele of fengzhisheng's wife in 1331, the remnantstele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picturestele of Confucius asking for rites.
On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofConfucius' twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ranYong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of HanDynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.
Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong,commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. It's made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. It'sexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius' gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.
At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius TempleDacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall"ucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers toConfucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confuciusis the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the bird's kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernConfucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of theperformances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofConfucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen andYanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.
38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "Confucius' holy trace". They are made ofinner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi,Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takesthree years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts theChinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. Theshape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the ErlongWulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, thename Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, YanYingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help peopleout. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chimeby Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggongabout Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtanritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhirenbiegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and TangWenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theConstitution for all ages.".
From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district throughDongshi.
Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the ConfuciusTemple area.
The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. Therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to ConfuciusTemple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion,Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of theschool is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors' preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Templecomplex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of theSouthern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender Hechanged "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of MingDynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics andteaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing sideby side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjingacademy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty,Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highlandbehind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. AllConfucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajingperiod of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperor's motto of "JingyiZhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to Confucianism.
After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past GongyuanWest Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. Inaddition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.
Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank youfor your support and cooperation!
"Wild grass and flowers by the Zhuque bridge, sunset at the entrance ofWuyi Lane..." This is my first understanding of Confucius temple when I was achild.
I don't know. I'm scared. If you are a tourist, have been to Nanjing, buthave not been to the Confucius Temple, it is really in vain!
Confucius Temple is a famous scenic spot in Nanjing with a long Confucius Temple is close to the Qinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing,just like the Yangtze River and Yellow River in China. Qinhuai river rippling,sparkling, water from time to time out of the lovely fish, sitting on the boatof Confucius Temple to see the scenery, do not have a taste.
To see the Confucius Temple, you must come in the evening. At this time,the Confucius Temple is full of bright lights and colorful neon lights. It lookslike the aurora in the sky of the city. At this moment, people come to theConfucius Temple regardless of the fatigue of the night. Hungry? Ha ha, noproblem! Folloe me! Duck blood vermicelli soup, chicken juice soup bag, muttonkebab, not enough to KFC! McDonald's also has! And Nanjing stinky tofu and otherclassic snacks By the way! There are salted duck! Salted duck is a specialty ofNanjing! Welcome to taste! One of the salted duck is called osmanthus duck,which is improving on the level of salted duck, with the fragrance of ucius Temple is not the "No.2 lion bridge". It's just food. There are manyfashionable shops for you to visit. Of course, your eyes will not be idle. TheConfucius Temple is an ancient building long ago, which contains the flavor ofold Nanjing. The exquisite carving on the walls and the gorgeous nationalpattern on the roof are so beautiful. In addition, the Qinhuai River at night iseven more beautiful. The clear water reflects the starry night sky, green trees,buildings, and the colorful lights, which make the Qinhuai River colorful.
On the Lantern Festival, the Confucius Temple is full of people. There aresmall shops selling lanterns in the streets, including lovely rabbit lanterns,ancient horse lanterns and Kongming lanterns. In addition to lanterns, there aremany lantern shops in the Confucius Temple during the Lantern Festival. LanternFestival has big and small, big inside sesame, small bubble sugar water, arevery delicious.
We believe that not only the Confucius Temple, but also Nanjing, a citywith a long history, will have a better future!
游完學宮，向東過貢院西街走數十米，就是江南貢院。利用這一段時間，我給大家介紹一下夫子廟的其他情況。夫子廟地區除了夫子廟自身建築之外，還有更為引人注目的民風民俗、特色市場和風味小吃。
其一，南京人向有過燈節的習俗，六朝時期佛興燈旺，作為帝王之都的南京，每至元宵節，燈火滿市井，為全國之冠。明朝時放燈時間延長，正月初八為上燈節。十八日為落燈節，是我國曆史上為時最長的燈節，那時南京人幾乎“家家走橋，人人看燈”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京燈節都極為隆重，以夫子廟地區為最盛。建國以後，夫子廟燈會在政府的支援和組織下，每年的正月，夫子廟的大街小巷、店堂鋪面、河房屋頂都掛滿了各式各樣的彩燈，前來觀賞的人群絡繹不絕，熙熙攘攘，煞是壯觀，其規模之大、延續時間之長、燈綵式樣之多，在全國同類燈會中均名列前茅。
其二，夫子廟除了它的文化特色外，其商業文化也比較發達，首先是夫子廟建築群兩側的東、西二市就以其豐富的工藝美術晶、古玩、字畫及其他文化用品交易而顯示出文化的商業性價值，其次在夫子廟還有小商品市場、花鳥蟲魚市場和古玩、珍藏品交易市場，體現了南京人的一種閒適心態和文化品位。夫子廟已成為現代商品雲集的商業中心區之一。
其三，夫子廟還是南京四時茶食的發源地,隨著各種節令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子廟秦淮小吃因時更新，各種茶食店鋪，攤販小吃，應有盡有，成為我國東南地區歷史最久、最獨具特色的飲食文化旅遊區。從泮池文德橋至文源橋方圓百米左右的市面，風味飲食店就有數十家之多。可謂鹹甜葷素風味迥異;東西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和園、六鳳居、老正興、奇芳閣、蔣有記等，風味名點和小吃有數百種，極大地強化了夫子廟的區域性特徵。
走過櫺星門，便是孔廟的正門，叫大成門，也叫戟門。門內側有石碑四塊。第一塊是《孔子問禮圖碑》，刻於南朝齊永明二年(484年)。記載了春秋末年奴隸制衰亡之際，孔子出於對周王朝禮樂制度的崇拜，抱著興國安邦、濟世訪賢的願望，於魯昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，從家鄉曲阜去周王城洛陽考察典章制度，尋求鞏固魯國奴隸主政權辦法的經歷。碑的上半部有"孔子問禮圖，吳敬恆題"的題字。圖中是二人駕車，一組身穿古裝人物在城門前歡迎的場面，還有"永明二年，孔子在魯人周門禮周流"的字樣。這塊碑已有1500多年的歷史了，圖文仍清晰可辨，是難得的珍貴文物。第二塊碑是《集慶孔廟碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔廟時由盧摯撰寫的，到元至順元年(1330年)，由純齋王公書寫刻石。第三塊碑是《封四氏碑》，講的是元至順二年，文宗皇帝詔示：加封顏回、曾參(孔子的兩個弟子)、孔極(孔子的孫子)、孟軻(孔子的再傳弟子)為四亞聖之事。第四塊碑是《封至聖夫人碑》，講的是元至順二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝頒旨加封孔子之妻為至聖夫人之事。廟院兩側是碑廊(原來是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位的地方)，廊內陳列了當代書法名家的碑刻30塊。現在，請大家隨我從中間的石雨道走。在進大成殿前，我先給大家介紹一下殿前的這個露天台子，這是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古時每年二月、八月的第一個丁日和孔子誕辰這一天(農曆八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔廟舉行盛大的祭掃活動。祭祀採用的是酉周奴隸主祭天地鬼神的禮儀，在大成殿前擺上仿青銅器做的祭器，上供牛2頭、豬16頭、羊16頭，以及大量布帛菽粟、乾鮮果品、香紙蠟燭等。主祭人要穿特製的古裝祭服，宣讀祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩禮，還配有樂隊和舞隊表演，以歌頌孔子，所以大成殿前要設舞臺。現在請各位遊客隨我進人孔廟主殿--大成殿。這是一座氣勢巍峨，重簷廡殿頂，屋脊中央有雙龍戲珠立雕的建築。這種規格的建築在全國也是屈指可數的。"大成"意思是孔子集古聖先賢思想之大成。大成殿內原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，兩旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。現在的大成殿已被闢為"南京鄉土文化博物館"。請大家再往前走，這裡便是夫子廟的學宮。門楣上方原來有"學宮"匾額，門外柏木牌坊，牌坊上題有"東南第一學"。牌坊的北面是四周圍有木欄的花圃，左右有四書齋，是學子自修讀書的地方。這四齋名稱分別是"志道"、"據德"、"依仁"、"遊藝"。後面是明德堂，這座建築建於南宋紹興九年(1139年)，堂名為文天祥所書。明德堂是學子集會的地方，每月朔望(農曆七年級和十五)朝聖後，學子在此集會，訓導師宣講聖教和上諭。東牆有"臥碑"，就是訓教的法規。左右橫樑上懸掛著江寧府所屬六縣舉貢員生題額。我們眼前的這座建築是梨香閣，原來是祭祀孔子父母的崇聖祠，現改為遊樂場了。東面那座建築是青雲樓，它建於明萬曆十四年(1586年)，是供把歷代督學使的祠堂，初建時為三層樓，因為臨近貢院，為防止有人從樓上偷看貢院，清代時改建成二層樓，上層用作藏書，下層是閱覽室。清末廢除科舉後，改為國小，民國初年改為江寧縣教育會，抗戰時被用作開茶館、歌場，戰後曾先後作為民眾教育館和南京市通志館。這也是舊學宮保留下來的為數不多的建築之一。各位遊客：參觀完學宮建築後，我們再去參觀一下夫子廟的另一座古建築群--貢院。
各位遊客。
在昨天的遊程中，我為大家安排遊覽了中山陵、明孝陵、靈谷寺，總統府舊址等名勝古蹟。
今天，我將帶大家到秦淮河、夫子廟去遊覽。
秦淮河旅遊區，位於南京老城區城南，從市區出發，坐汽車約需20分鐘才能到達。
它是一個以夫子廟為中心，集遊覽、購物、品嚐風味於一體，展示古城風貌和民族風情的旅遊地。
【秦淮河的由來和歷史變遷】
秦淮河，是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經濟、文化發展起過重要作用的河流。
相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。
秦始皇東巡會稽，經過南京時，為方便船隻行駛，曾下令開鑿方山，使淮水與長江溝通，因而這段河道得名“秦淮河”。
但據地質考察證明，秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流，當時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經過，但由於地理變遷，河流改道，逐漸形成了現在的河道。
歷史上的秦淮河，河道寬綽。
自五代吳王楊行密在長幹橋一帶築石頭城以後，河道開始變窄，並被分隔成內、外“秦淮”。
內秦淮河由東水關人城，經夫子廟，再由水西門南的西水關出城與外秦淮河匯合。
河流全長10公里，這就是古往今來令無數文人墨客為之讚美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的“十里秦淮”了。
唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中，也都對“十里秦淮”有過生動的描寫。
古老的秦淮河與流經南京城北的長江相比，顯得十分渺小，但是它與南京城的誕生、發展，以及南京地區的政治、經濟、文化發展有著極其密切的關係。
早在五六千年前的新石器時代，這裡已有人類繁衍生息。
迄今為止，沿河兩岸發現的原始村落遺蹟多達五六十處。
六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。
東吳孫權定都建業(南京)後，曾在秦淮河兩岸作“柵塘”，既可禦敵，又可防洪。
從六朝時起，夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地，秦淮河充當了南京地區對外貿易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁榮。
據說，舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立，河房水閣爭奇鬥豔，遊艇畫防燈火通明，富豪貴族在這裡過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活，勞動人民，特別是廣大婦女卻是以淚洗面，飽嘗了人間的辛酸。
那時南京的大多集中在秦淮河兩岸。
清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權貴的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。
美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞，六朝以來的繁華和奢靡，舊社會的汙垢和勞動人民的血淚，甚至還溶有南京大屠殺的血腥。
然而，今天的秦淮河，經過了歷史的沉澱和人民的改造，已散發著健康文明的馨香，展現了清澈動人的風姿。
它是南京歷史的見證，難怪人們慣於把“秦淮”當作南京的代名詞。
【秦淮畫舫—伴池—夫子廟照壁—廟前廣場—櫺星門】
各位遊客：現在我們來到了秦淮河畔，河中的畫防都是仿照明代建築風格製造的，船頭掛有大紅綵球和紅燈籠。
每當元宵節南京人習慣來這裡遊玩賞燈。
這種風氣在明代就已盛行，據說明朝建都後，朱元津微服巡察京城。
當他來到秦淮河畔，看到兩岸綠樹成蔭，河水清澈，亭臺樓閣，風景宜人，隨口說了句：“惜河中缺遊船。
”皇帝開了金口，左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫，以博取皇帝歡心。
從此，秦淮畫訪成了這裡的一大特色。
尤其到了中秋佳節時分，更是河上水燈萬盞齊放，兩岸龍燈飛舞，歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲，連綿不絕，通宵達旦，真可謂“秦淮燈火甲天下”。
難怪南京有“家家走橋，人人看燈”的民諺。
我們眼前的這段秦淮河，自宋以後就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池，又稱月牙他。
古時候皇帝講學的學宮叫辟雍，諸侯講學成學宮叫泮宮，夫子廟的學宮相當於諸侯講學的地方，所以這池稱“泮池”夫子廟導遊詞夫子廟導遊詞。
泮池上一般建有三座石橋，按等級而論，縣官、學官走中間一座，秀才走兩邊的橋。
相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋，有犯上作亂之罪，進退兩難，只好自己跳進了泮池。
再請各位看河對岸的一段硃紅色石磚牆，這就是夫子廟的照壁。
照壁建於明萬曆三年(歷澤年)，長達110米，為全們照壁之冠。
各位遊客：這座夫子廟始建於東晉成帝鹹康三年(337年)，當時成帝採納了王導的建議：“治國以培育人才為重”，決定立大學於秦淮河畔。
原來只建有學宮，孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學富基礎上擴建而成的。
所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市，它包括夫子廟、學宮和貢院三大主要建築群，其範圍南臨秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路東端，東起姚家巷，西止四福巷，規模龐大。
夫子廟雖屢遭破壞，但各代都加以興修擴建，到清末民初，其樓閣、殿宇的結構和佈局堪稱東南之冠。
現在的夫子廟建築，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近幾年重建的。
請大家回頭看，這座樓閣式建築，叫做奎星閣，它初建於清乾隆年間。
這座臨街傍水的建築曾兩次被毀，1985年重建。
現在我們來到了清代開闢的廟前廣場，廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑，高有一丈許，上面刻有滿漢兩種文字“文武大臣至此下馬”，表示對聖人孔子的崇敬。
左側的這座六角重簷亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才薈萃之意。
建於明萬曆十四年(1586年)，也曾幾經興廢，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。
這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一倖存的清代建築，可惜在1968年被當作“四舊”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢復了原來的風貌。
廣場正中的這座牌坊，叫“天下文樞坊”。
請大家繼續隨我往前走。
這座門叫櫺星門，這是孔廟的廟門。
據傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高興。
門是石結構的，六柱三門，建於明成化十六年(1480年)，後來被毀，又於清同治九年(1870年)重建。
不過，現在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的夫子廟。
極星門東西兩側便是東市、西市。
【大成門—大成殿—學宮】
各位遊客：走過櫺星門，便是孔廟的正門，叫大成門，也叫戟門。
門內側有石碑四塊。
第一塊是《孔子問禮圖碑》，刻於南朝齊永明二年(484年)。
記載了春秋末年奴隸制衰亡之際，孔子出於對周王朝禮樂制度的崇拜，抱著興國安邦、濟世訪賢的願望，於魯昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，從家鄉曲阜去周王城洛陽考察典章制度，尋求鞏固魯國奴隸主政權辦法的經歷。
碑的上半部有“孔子問禮圖，吳敬恆題”的題字。
圖中是二人駕車，一組身穿古裝人物在城門前歡迎的場面，還有“永明二年，孔子在魯人周門禮周流”的字樣。
這塊碑已有1500多年的歷史了，圖文仍清晰可辨，是難得的珍貴文物。
第二塊碑是《集慶孔廟碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔廟時由盧摯撰寫的，到元至順元年(1330年)，由純齋王公書寫刻石。
第三塊碑是《封四氏碑》，講的是元至順二年，文宗皇帝詔示：加封顏回、曾參(孔子的兩個弟子)、孔極(孔子的孫子)、孟軻(孔子的再傳弟子)為四亞聖之事。
第四塊碑是《封至聖夫人碑》，講的是元至順二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝頒旨加封孔子之妻為至聖夫人之事。
廟院兩側是碑廊(原來是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位的地方)，廊內陳列了當代書法名家的碑刻30塊。
現在，請大家隨我從中間的石雨道走。
在進大成殿前，我先給大家介紹一下殿前的這個露天台子，這是祭祀和歌舞的地方。
古時每年二月、八月的第一個丁日和孔子誕辰這一天(農曆八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔廟舉行盛大的祭掃活動。
祭祀採用的是酉周奴隸主祭天地鬼神的禮儀，在大成殿前擺上仿青銅器做的祭器，上供牛2頭、豬16頭、羊16頭，以及大量布帛菽粟、乾鮮果品、香紙蠟燭等。
主祭人要穿特製的古裝祭服，宣讀祭文，向孔子及“四配”(孔子高徒)、“十二哲”(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩禮，還配有樂隊和舞隊表演，以歌頌孔子，所以大成殿前要設舞臺。
現在請各位遊客隨我進人孔廟主殿——大成殿。
這是一座氣勢巍峨，重簷廡殿頂，屋脊中央有雙龍戲珠立雕的建築。
這種規格的建築在全國也是屈指可數的。
“大成”意思是孔子集古聖先賢思想之大成。
大成殿內原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，兩旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。
現在的大成殿已被闢為“南京鄉土文化博物館”。
請大家再往前走，這裡便是夫子廟的學宮。
門楣上方原來有“學宮”匾額，門外柏木牌坊，牌坊上題有“東南第一學”。
牌坊的北面是四周圍有木欄的花圃，左右有四書齋，是學子自修讀書的地方。
這四齋名稱分別是“志道”、“據德”、“依仁”、“遊藝”。
後面是明德堂，這座建築建於南宋紹興九年(1139年)，堂名為文天祥所書。
明德堂是學子集會的地方，每月朔望(農曆七年級和十五)朝聖後，學子在此集會，訓導師宣講聖教和上諭。
東牆有“臥碑”，就是訓教的法規。
左右橫樑上懸掛著江寧府所屬六縣舉貢員生題額。
我們眼前的這座建築是梨香閣，原來是祭祀孔子父母的崇聖祠，現改為遊樂場了。
東面那座建築是青雲樓，它建於明萬曆十四年(1586年)，是供把歷代督學使的祠堂，初建時為三層樓，因為臨近貢院，為防止有人從樓上偷看貢院，清代時改建成二層樓，上層用作藏書，下層是閱覽室。
清末廢除科舉後，改為國小，民國初年改為江寧縣教育會，抗戰時被用作開茶館、歌場，戰後曾先後作為民眾教育館和南京市通志館夫子廟導遊詞導遊。
這也是舊學宮保留下來的為數不多的建築之一。
各位遊客：參觀完學宮建築後，我們再去參觀一下夫子廟的另一座古建築群——貢院。
【貢院街—貢院—明遠樓】
現在我們所站的地方便是貢院街，那條與貢院街相交的南北向街道就是貢院西街，貢院街北面就是古代時南京規模龐大的考試場——貢院。
貢院建於南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是縣府考試場所。
明太祖朱元津定都南京後，這裡成了鄉試、會試場所。
明永一樂十九年(1421年)遷都北京，但南京仍作為陪都，加上江南又是人文基本之地，考試仍在這裡按期舉行。
明成祖繼續派人建造江南貢院，明清兩代對貢院不斷擴建，到清光緒時，貢院規模之大，已成為當時23個行省的貢院之最。
對此，我只要告訴大家一個數字，你就可想而知了——到清代同治年間，已建供考試用的“號舍”有20644間，且還不包括司考官員、職司人員的辦公住宿用房。
可惜現存貢院建築已屈指可數，明遠樓就是儲存下來的貢院建築之一，而其他大部分已被闢為市場。
現在，我們所見的這座三層建築，就是明遠樓了。
樓呈四方形，四面設窗，地處貢院中心，在此可以監視考生和貢院內執役人員。
“明遠”的意思就是“慎終追遠、明德歸原”，封建王朝教育士子以“孝梯忠義”為立身之本。
考生考完後，“金榜”就張貼在前面的貢院街
清末廢除科舉後，貢院也隨之失去了原來的作用。
1919年除留下明遠樓和一部分號舍建築用以陳列歷史文物外，其餘一併拆除，闢為市場。
明遠樓下的《金陵貢院遺蹟碑》詳細地記載了這一史實。
各位遊客：關於夫子廟我就介紹到這裡。
如果大家有興趣的話，可以去逛一下夫子廟的東市、西市，同時也可選購一些喜愛的工藝品和旅遊紀念品，還可以去西街一帶品嚐夫子廟的風味小吃，夫子廟可謂是全國聞名的小吃薈萃之地。
“朱雀橋邊野草花，烏衣巷口夕陽斜……”這是我小時候對夫子廟的第一認識。
不看不知道，一看嚇一跳。如果你是一名旅遊愛好者，曾經來過南京，但是沒有去過夫子廟，那真是等於白來了!
夫子廟是南京的著名景點，歷史悠久。夫子廟靠著秦淮河，秦淮河是南京的母親河，就像中國的長江與黃河一樣。秦淮河上碧波盪漾，波光粼粼，水裡不時躍出來可愛的小魚，坐在夫子廟的畫舫上看風景，別有一番滋味。
看夫子廟，一定要在晚上來。這時夫子廟燈火通明，霓虹燈五光十色，把城市的上空找的宛如發生了極光一般，十分華麗，此時此刻，人們也不顧著夜晚的疲憊，都來夫子廟閒逛。餓了?哈哈，沒問題!FOLLOE ME!鴨血粉絲湯，雞汁湯包，羊肉串，不夠再去KFC!麥當勞也有!還有南京的臭豆腐等經典小吃……對了!還有鹽水鴨!鹽水鴨可是南京的特產!歡迎品嚐!鹽水鴨的其中一種叫桂花鴨，在鹽水鴨的層次上精益求精，含著桂花的清香。夫子廟當人不是“二號獅子橋”光是吃，也有許多時尚的商鋪任你逛。當然，你的眼球也是不會閒著的，夫子廟是很久以前的一個古建築，蘊含著老南京風味，那牆壁上的精雕細刻，屋頂的絢麗國花紋，美不勝收。還有，那夜晚的秦淮河也更是美麗，那清澈的水面倒映著繁星點點的夜空，綠樹，建築，還有那五顏六色的燈光，把秦淮河照的五彩繽紛。
到了元宵節，夫子廟更是人山人海，大街小巷裡都有賣花燈的小店，有可愛的兔子燈，古老的走馬燈、孔明燈。除了花燈，在元宵節那幾天裡，夫子廟裡還有許多的元宵店。元宵有大有小，大的裡面有芝麻，小的泡糖水，都十分好吃。
我們相信，不僅視夫子廟，更是南京，這個歷史悠久的城市，未來會更加美好!
Chers cours de la visite d'hier, j'ai organisé une visite dumausolée Zhongshan, du mausolée mingxiao, du temple linggu et de l'ancien sitedu palais préurd'hui, je vous emmènerai visiter la rivière Qinhuaiet le temple uaihe River Tourism Area, located in the South ofNanjing Old City, from the City, takes about 20 minutes to reach by car.C'est untemple Confucius comme centre, la visite, le shopping, la dégustation de saveurdans l'un de l'affichage de la ville antique et les coutumes nationales de ladestination touristique.
[origine et évolution historique de la rivière Qinhuai]
La rivière Qinhuai est une rivière qui a joué un r?le important dans ledéveloppement politique, économique et culturel de la ville antique dit que la rivière Qinhuai est un canal artificiel que l'empereur QINShihuang a ordonné de Shihuang a visité l'Est et a ordonné le foragede la montagne Fang pour communiquer avec la rivière Yangtze afin de faciliterla circulation des navires en passant par Nanjing. Par conséquent, cette sectionde la rivière a re?u le nom de "rivière Qinhuai"ndant, selon l'étudegéologique, la rivière Qinhuai est une rivière naturelle avec une longuehistoire. ? cette époque, l'ancienne rivière traversait la montagne Fangshan,mais en raison des changements géographiques, la rivière a été détournée et aprogressivement formé le cours actuel de la riviè rivière Qinhuai dansl'histoire a un large cours d'is que Yang xingmi, roi de Wu dans lescinq dynasties, a construit la ville de pierre autour du pont changgan, larivière a commencé à se rétrécir et a été divisée en "Qinhuai" intérieur etextérieur.? l'intérieur de la rivière Qinhuai, la rivière Qinhuai est reliée àla rivière Qinhuai à l'extérieur de la ville par le col de l'eau de l'Est, letemple Confucius et le col de l'eau de l'Ouest au sud de la porte de l'eau del' longueur totale de la rivière est de 10 km, ce qui fait qued'innombrables érudits et érudits célèbrent et jettent des louanges et destraces de "dix Li Qinhuai" grands poètes de la dynastie Tang, comme Li Bai,Liu Yuxi et du Mu, ont écrit des poèmes pour elle. Dans le fan de fleur de pêchede Kong shangren et l'histoire extérieure du confucianisme comme Wu Jing, ilsont également écrit des descriptions vives de "dix Li Qinhuai".
L'ancienne rivière Qinhuai est très petite par rapport à la rivière Yangtzequi traverse le nord de la ville de Nanjing, mais elle est étroitement liée à lanaissance et au développement de la ville de Nanjing, ainsi qu'au développementpolitique, économique et culturel de la région de début de l'?genéolithique, il y a cinq ou six mille ans, l'humanité s'est développéu'à présent, jusqu'à 50 ou 60 vestiges de villages primitifs ont ététrouvés le long des deux rives de la riviè Cour féodale des six dynastieset du début de la dynastie Ming l'a utilisé comme barrière naturelle de lacapitale et comme passage naturel pour le Palais impéès la constructionde la ville de dingye (Nanjing), Sun Quan, dans l'est du Wu, a été appelé "étangde barrière" sur les deux rives de la rivière Qinhuai, qui peut à la foisrésister à l'ennemi et à l'is les six dynasties, les deux rivesde la rivière Qinhuai dans la région de fuzimiao ont été un endroit animé avecdes résidents denses et des marchés connectés. La rivière Qinhuai a servi deprincipal canal de commerce extérieur dans la région de Nanjing. Les bateaux onttraversé la rivière et une faction a prospéré dit que les anciens b?timentsde chant et de vin sur les deux rives de la rivière Qinhuai étaient bondés, lesmaisons de rivière et les pavillons d'eau rivalisaient pour la beauté, et lespeintures de yacht étaient à l'épreuve des lumières. Les riches et les noblesvivaient ici à la recherche de la joie et de l'engouement pour le papier. Lestravailleurs, en particulier les femmes, se lavaient le visage avec des larmeset go?taient l'amertume du monde.? cette époque, la plupart des prostituées deNanjing se concentraient sur les deux rives de la rivière shangren,dramaturge de la dynastie Qing, dépeint Li xiangjun, une prostituée célèbre quin'a pas peur des puissants et des nobles dans peach blossom fan. Elle vit prèsdu pont Wende sur la rive sud de la rivière Qinhuai.
La belle rivière Qinhuai a traversé la solitude de l'époque sauvage, laprospérité et le luxe des six dynasties, la saleté de l'ancienne société et lesang et les larmes des travailleurs, et même le sang du massacre ndant, la rivière Qinhuai d'aujourd'hui, après la sédimentation del'histoire et la transformation du peuple, a émis un parfum sain et civilisé, amontré un style clair et émouvant.C'est un témoignage de l'histoire de Nanjing,pas étonnant que les gens soient habitués à "Qinhuai" comme synonyme deNanjing.
【 Qinhuai painting boat - danchi - Confucius Temple zhangbi - Temple frontSquare - fengxing gate】
Visiteur: maintenant nous sommes arrivés au bord de la rivière Qinhuai. Lespeintures et les défenses de la rivière sont faites selon le style architecturalde la dynastie Ming. Il y a de grandes boules de couleur rouge et des lanternesrouges accrochées à l'avant du ue fois que le festival des lanternes,les Nanjing sont habitués à venir ici pour profiter des lumièeatmosphère a prévalu dans la dynastie Ming. Il est dit que Zhu yuanjin a visitéla capitale après la construction de la capitale dans la dynastie d ilest arrivé au bord de la rivière Qinhuai, il a vu l'ombre des arbres sur lesdeux rives de la rivière, la rivière est claire, les pavillons et les pavillons,le paysage est agréable, et a dit, "chérir la rivière manque de bateau decroisière."L'empereur ouvrit la bouche d'or, et envoya des hommes à gauche et àdroite toute la nuit construire un bateau à peinture pour gagner la joie del'is lors, la visite de la peinture Qinhuai est devenue une grandecaractéristique particulier au Festival de la mi - automne, il y avaitdes milliers de lanternes d'eau sur la rivière, des Lanternes de dragon dansantsur les deux rives, des chansons, des tambours, des acclamations et des rirescontinus, qui ont duré toute la nuit, ce qui a vraiment été appelé "Qinhuailanternes dans le monde" n'est pas étonnant que Nanjing ait un proverbepopulaire selon lequel ? chaque famille marche sur un pont et tout le monderegarde la lumière ?.
La rivière Qinhuai sous nos yeux est devenue le temple Confucius (templeConfucius) depuis la dynastie l'antiquité, le Palais des conférencesde l'empereur s'appelait Pi Yong, le Palais des conférences des princess'appelait Pan Palace, et le Palais du temple Confucius était équivalent àl'endroit où les princes donnaient des conférences, de sorte que ce pools'appelait Pan général, il y a trois ponts en pierre sur le lac PAN. Entermes de grade, les fonctionnaires du comté et les fonctionnaires de l'écolemarchent au milieu, tandis que les érudits marchent sur les deux c?tés est dit que dans l'antiquité, un érudit s'est égaré sur le pont central,a commis un crime de désordre, un dilemme, a d? sauter dans Pan Chi.
S'il vous pla?t, regardez le mur de brique rouge cramoisi de l'autre c?téde la rivière, c'est le mur du temple Bi a été construit dans latroisième année de la dynastie Ming Wanli (l'année de Lize) et a une longueur de110 mètres. C'est la Couronne de Zhao Bi pour tout le teur: ce templeConfucius a été construit pour la première fois dans la troisième année dexiankang (337) de l'empereur Cheng de la dynastie Jin orientale. ? cette époque,l'empereur Cheng a adopté la suggestion de Wang Dao: "gouverner le pays enmettant l'accent sur la culture des talents", et a décidé de créer uneuniversité sur les rives de la rivière Qinhuai.? l'origine, il n'y avait que lePalais de l'école. Le temple Confucius a été construit dans la première année dejingpai de l'empereur Renzong de la dynastie Song (1034) sur la base del'apprentissage et de la conséquent, le temple Confucius est uneville animée qui a évolué du Centre culturel et éducatif. Il comprend le templeConfucius, le Palais de l'école et la Cour d'hommage. Il est situé sur la rivenord de la rivière Qinhuai au Sud, à l'extrémité est de la route Jiankang auNord, de la ruelle yaojia à l'Est et de la ruelle Sifu à l'Ouest, avec unegrande é que le temple Confucius ait été endommagé à plusieursreprises, il a été reconstruit et agrandi dans toutes les dynasties. ? la fin dela dynastie Qing et au début de la République de Chine, la structure et ladisposition de ses b?timents et temples étaient les plus célèbres du Sud b?timents actuels du temple Confucius ont été reconstruits en partie àla fin de la dynastie Qing et en partie au cours des dernières années.S'il vouspla?t regardez en arrière, ce b?timent de style pavillon, appelé pavillonkuixing, il a été construit pour la première fois dans la dynastie b?timent en bordure de la rue a été détruit à deux reprises etreconstruit en 1985.
Maintenant, nous sommes arrivés à la place devant le temple, qui a étéouverte par la dynastie Qing. Il y a deux stèles à l'Est et à l'ouest de laplace, et il y a un Zhang Xu haut. Il est gravé avec les mots Manchu et Han "Lesministres de l'art et des arts martiaux descendent ici" pour montrer leurrespect pour pavillon à double avant - toit hexagonal sur le c?tégauche s'appelle le pavillon juxing, qui rassemble les étoiles et les été construit dans la 14ème année de Wanli (1586) de la dynastie Ming, et aété reconstruit par Zhu Fufeng et d'autres dans la 8ème année de Tongzhi (1869)de la dynastie Qing.C'est le seul b?timent de la dynastie Qing qui a survécu àl'artillerie japonaise. Malheureusement, il a été démoli comme "quatre vieux" en1968 et reconstruit en 1983 pour restaurer son apparence originale.L'arche aucentre de la place s'appelle "l'arche du Centre culturel du monde".S'il vouspla?t, suivez - moi.C'est la porte du temple dit que l'étoile ducanapé est l'étoile de l'illumination dans le porte est en pierre, sixcolonnes et trois portes, construite dans la 16ème année de la dynastie MingChenghua (1480), détruite plus tard, et reconstruite dans la 9ème année deTongzhi (1870) de la dynastie ndant, la porte polaire que nous voyonsmaintenant a été reconstruite en deux c?tés est et ouest de la portedes étoiles polaires sont East City et West City.
各位遊客。在昨天的遊程中，我為大家安排遊覽了中山陵、明孝陵、靈谷寺，總統府舊址等名勝古蹟。今天，我將帶大家到秦淮河、夫子廟去遊覽。秦淮河旅遊區，位於南京老城區城南，從市區出發，坐汽車約需20分鐘才能到達。它是一個以夫子廟為中心，集遊覽、購物、品嚐風味於一體，展示古城風貌和民族風情的旅遊地。
各位遊客。在昨天的遊程中，我為大家安排遊覽了中山陵、明孝陵、靈谷寺，總統府舊址等名勝古蹟。今天，我將帶大家到秦淮河、夫子廟去遊覽。秦淮河旅遊區，位於南京老城區城南，從市區出發，坐汽車約需20分鐘才能到達。它是一個以夫子廟為中心，集遊覽、購物、品嚐風味於一體，展示古城風貌和民族風情的旅遊地。
【秦淮河的由來和歷史變遷】
秦淮河，是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經濟、文化發展起過重要作用的河流。相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。秦始皇東巡會稽，經過南京時，為方便船隻行駛，曾下令開鑿方山，使淮水與長江溝通，因而這段河道得名"秦淮河"。但據地質考察證明，秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流，當時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經過，但由於地理變遷，河流改道，逐漸形成了現在的河道。歷史上的秦淮河，河道寬綽。自五代吳王楊行密在長幹橋一帶築石頭城以後，河道開始變窄，並被分隔成內、外"秦淮"。內秦淮河由東水關人城，經夫子廟，再由水西門南的西水關出城與外秦淮河匯合。河流全長10公里，這就是古往今來令無數文人墨客為之讚美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中，也都對"十里秦淮"有過生動的描寫。古老的秦淮河與流經南京城北的長江相比，顯得十分渺小，但是它與南京城的誕生、發展，以及南京地區的政治、經濟、文化發展有著極其密切的關係。早在五六千年前的新石器時代，這裡已有人類繁衍生息。迄今為止，沿河兩岸發現的原始村落遺蹟多達五六十處。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。東吳孫權定都建業(南京)後，曾在秦淮河兩岸作"柵塘"，既可禦敵，又可防洪。從六朝時起，夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地，秦淮河充當了南京地區對外貿易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁榮。據說，舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立，河房水閣爭奇鬥豔，遊艇畫防燈火通明，富豪貴族在這裡過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活，勞動人民，特別是廣大婦女卻是以淚洗面，飽嘗了人間的辛酸。那時南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河兩岸。清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權貴的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞，六朝以來的繁華和奢靡，舊社會的汙垢和勞動人民的血淚，甚至還溶有南京大屠殺的血腥。然而，今天的秦淮河，經過了歷史的沉澱和人民的改造，已散發著健康文明的馨香，展現了清澈動人的風姿。它是南京歷史的見證，難怪人們慣於把"秦淮"當作南京的代名詞。
【秦淮畫舫-伴池-夫子廟照壁-廟前廣場-櫺星門】
各位遊客：現在我們來到了秦淮河畔，河中的畫防都是仿照明代建築風格製造的，船頭掛有大紅綵球和紅燈籠。每當元宵節南京人習慣來這裡遊玩賞燈。這種風氣在明代就已盛行，據說明朝建都後，朱元津微服巡察京城。當他來到秦淮河畔，看到兩岸綠樹成蔭，河水清澈，亭臺樓閣，風景宜人，隨口說了句："惜河中缺遊船。"皇帝開了金口，左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫，以博取皇帝歡心。從此，秦淮畫訪成了這裡的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳節時分，更是河上水燈萬盞齊放，兩岸龍燈飛舞，歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲，連綿不絕，通宵達旦，真可謂"秦淮燈火甲天下"。難怪南京有"家家走橋，人人看燈"的民諺。我們眼前的這段秦淮河，自宋以後就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池，又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學的學宮叫辟雍，諸侯講學成學宮叫泮宮，夫子廟的學宮相當於諸侯講學的地方，所以這池稱"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石橋，按等級而論，縣官、學官走中間一座，秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋，有犯上作亂之罪，進退兩難，只好自己跳進了泮池。再請各位看河對岸的一段硃紅色石磚牆，這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建於明萬曆三年(歷澤年)，長達110米，為全們照壁之冠。各位遊客：這座夫子廟始建於東晉成帝鹹康三年(337年)，當時成帝採納了王導的建議："治國以培育人才為重"，決定立大學於秦淮河畔。原來只建有學宮，孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學富基礎上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市，它包括夫子廟、學宮和貢院三大主要建築群，其範圍南臨秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路東端，東起姚家巷，西止四福巷，規模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞，但各代都加以興修擴建，到清末民初，其樓閣、殿宇的結構和佈局堪稱東南之冠。現在的夫子廟建築，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看，這座樓閣式建築，叫做奎星閣，它初建於清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建築曾兩次被毀，1985年重建。現在我們來到了清代開闢的廟前廣場，廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑，高有一丈許，上面刻有滿漢兩種文字"文武大臣至此下馬"，表示對聖人孔子的崇敬。左側的這座六角重簷亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才薈萃之意。建於明萬曆十四年(1586年)，也曾幾經興廢，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一倖存的清代建築，可惜在1968年被當作"四舊"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢復了原來的風貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊，叫"天下文樞坊"。請大家繼續隨我往前走。這座門叫櫺星門，這是孔廟的廟門。據傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高興。門是石結構的，六柱三門，建於明成化十六年(1480年)，後來被毀，又於清同治九年(1870年)重建。不過，現在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側便是東市、西市。
【大成門-大成殿-學宮】
各位遊客：走過櫺星門，便是孔廟的正門，叫大成門，也叫戟門。門內側有石碑四塊。第一塊是《孔子問禮圖碑》，刻於南朝齊永明二年(484年)。記載了春秋末年奴隸制衰亡之際，孔子出於對周王朝禮樂制度的崇拜，抱著興國安邦、濟世訪賢的願望，於魯昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年)，從家鄉曲阜去周王城洛陽考察典章制度，尋求鞏固魯國奴隸主政權辦法的經歷。碑的上半部有"孔子問禮圖，吳敬恆題"的題字。圖中是二人駕車，一組身穿古裝人物在城門前歡迎的場面，還有"永明二年，孔子在魯人周門禮周流"的字樣。這塊碑已有1500多年的歷史了，圖文仍清晰可辨，是難得的珍貴文物。第二塊碑是《集慶孔廟碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔廟時由盧摯撰寫的，到元至順元年(1330年)，由純齋王公書寫刻石。第三塊碑是《封四氏碑》，講的是元至順二年，文宗皇帝詔示：加封顏回、曾參(孔子的兩個弟子)、孔極(孔子的孫子)、孟軻(孔子的再傳弟子)為四亞聖之事。第四塊碑是《封至聖夫人碑》，講的是元至順二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝頒旨加封孔子之妻為至聖夫人之事。廟院兩側是碑廊(原來是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位的地方)，廊內陳列了當代書法名家的碑刻30塊。現在，請大家隨我從中間的石雨道走。在進大成殿前，我先給大家介紹一下殿前的這個露天台子，這是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古時每年二月、八月的第一個丁日和孔子誕辰這一天(農曆八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔廟舉行盛大的祭掃活動。祭祀採用的是酉周奴隸主祭天地鬼神的禮儀，在大成殿前擺上仿青銅器做的祭器，上供牛2頭、豬16頭、羊16頭，以及大量布帛菽粟、乾鮮果品、香紙蠟燭等。主祭人要穿特製的古裝祭服，宣讀祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩禮，還配有樂隊和舞隊表演，以歌頌孔子，所以大成殿前要設舞臺。現在請各位遊客隨我進人孔廟主殿--大成殿。這是一座氣勢巍峨，重簷廡殿頂，屋脊中央有雙龍戲珠立雕的建築。這種規格的建築在全國也是屈指可數的。"大成"意思是孔子集古聖先賢思想之大成。大成殿內原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，兩旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。現在的大成殿已被闢為"南京鄉土文化博物館"。請大家再往前走，這裡便是夫子廟的學宮。門楣上方原來有"學宮"匾額，門外柏木牌坊，牌坊上題有"東南第一學"。牌坊的北面是四周圍有木欄的花圃，左右有四書齋，是學子自修讀書的地方。這四齋名稱分別是"志道"、"據德"、"依仁"、"遊藝"。後面是明德堂，這座建築建於南宋紹興九年(1139年)，堂名為文天祥所書。明德堂是學子集會的地方，每月朔望(農曆七年級和十五)朝聖後，學子在此集會，訓導師宣講聖教和上諭。東牆有"臥碑"，就是訓教的法規。左右橫樑上懸掛著江寧府所屬六縣舉貢員生題額。我們眼前的這座建築是梨香閣，原來是祭祀孔子父母的崇聖祠，現改為遊樂場了。東面那座建築是青雲樓，它建於明萬曆十四年(1586年)，是供把歷代督學使的祠堂，初建時為三層樓，因為臨近貢院，為防止有人從樓上偷看貢院，清代時改建成二層樓，上層用作藏書，下層是閱覽室。清末廢除科舉後，改為國小，民國初年改為江寧縣教育會，抗戰時被用作開茶館、歌場，戰後曾先後作為民眾教育館和南京市通志館。這也是舊學宮保留下來的為數不多的建築之一。各位遊客：參觀完學宮建築後，我們再去參觀一下夫子廟的另一座古建築群--貢院。
秦淮河，是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經濟、文化發展起過重要作用的河流。相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。秦始皇東巡會稽，經過南京時，為方便船隻行駛，曾下令開鑿方山，使淮水與長江溝通，因而這段河道得名"秦淮河"。但據地質考察證明，秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流，當時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經過，但由於地理變遷，河流改道，逐漸形成了現在的河道。歷史上的秦淮河，河道寬綽。自五代吳王楊行密在長幹橋一帶築石頭城以後，河道開始變窄，並被分隔成內、外"秦淮"。內秦淮河由東水關人城，經夫子廟，再由水西門南的西水關出城與外秦淮河匯合。河流全長10公里，這就是古往今來令無數文人墨客為之讚美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中，也都對"十里秦淮"有過生動的描寫。古老的秦淮河與流經南京城北的長江相比，顯得十分渺小，但是它與南京城的誕生、發展，以及南京地區的政治、經濟、文化發展有著極其密切的關係。早在五六千年前的新石器時代，這裡已有人類繁衍生息。迄今為止，沿河兩岸發現的原始村落遺蹟多達五六十處。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。東吳孫權定都建業(南京)後，曾在秦淮河兩岸作"柵塘"，既可禦敵，又可防洪。從六朝時起，夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地，秦淮河充當了南京地區對外貿易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁榮。據說，舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立，河房水閣爭奇鬥豔，遊艇畫防燈火通明，富豪貴族在這裡過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活，勞動人民，特別是廣大婦女卻是以淚洗面，飽嘗了人間的辛酸。那時南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河兩岸。清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權貴的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞，六朝以來的繁華和奢靡，舊社會的汙垢和勞動人民的血淚，甚至還溶有南京大屠殺的血腥。然而，今天的秦淮河，經過了歷史的沉澱和人民的改造，已散發著健康文明的馨香，展現了清澈動人的風姿。它是南京歷史的見證，難怪人們慣於把"秦淮"當作南京的代名詞。
【秦淮畫舫-伴池-夫子廟照壁-廟前廣場-櫺星門】
各位遊客：現在我們來到了秦淮河畔，河中的畫防都是仿照明代建築風格製造的，船頭掛有大紅綵球和紅燈籠。每當元宵節南京人習慣來這裡遊玩賞燈。這種風氣在明代就已盛行，據說明朝建都後，朱元津微服巡察京城。當他來到秦淮河畔，看到兩岸綠樹成蔭，河水清澈，亭臺樓閣，風景宜人，隨口說了句："惜河中缺遊船。"皇帝開了金口，左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫，以博取皇帝歡心。從此，秦淮畫訪成了這裡的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳節時分，更是河上水燈萬盞齊放，兩岸龍燈飛舞，歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲，連綿不絕，通宵達旦，真可謂"秦淮燈火甲天下"。難怪南京有"家家走橋，人人看燈"的民諺。我們眼前的這段秦淮河，自宋以後就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池，又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學的學宮叫辟雍，諸侯講學成學宮叫泮宮，夫子廟的學宮相當於諸侯講學的地方，所以這池稱"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石橋，按等級而論，縣官、學官走中間一座，秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋，有犯上作亂之罪，進退兩難，只好自己跳進了泮池。再請各位看河對岸的一段硃紅色石磚牆，這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建於明萬曆三年(歷澤年)，長達110米，為全們照壁之冠。各位遊客：這座夫子廟始建於東晉成帝鹹康三年(337年)，當時成帝採納了王導的建議："治國以培育人才為重"，決定立大學於秦淮河畔。原來只建有學宮，孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學富基礎上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市，它包括夫子廟、學宮和貢院三大主要建築群，其範圍南臨秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路東端，東起姚家巷，西止四福巷，規模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞，但各代都加以興修擴建，到清末民初，其樓閣、殿宇的結構和佈局堪稱東南之冠。現在的夫子廟建築，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看，這座樓閣式建築，叫做奎星閣，它初建於清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建築曾兩次被毀，1985年重建。現在我們來到了清代開闢的廟前廣場，廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑，高有一丈許，上面刻有滿漢兩種文字"文武大臣至此下馬"，表示對聖人孔子的崇敬。左側的這座六角重簷亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才薈萃之意。建於明萬曆十四年(1586年)，也曾幾經興廢，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一倖存的清代建築，可惜在1968年被當作"四舊"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢復了原來的風貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊，叫"天下文樞坊"。請大家繼續隨我往前走。這座門叫櫺星門，這是孔廟的廟門。據傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高興。門是石結構的，六柱三門，建於明成化十六年(1480年)，後來被毀，又於清同治九年(1870年)重建。不過，現在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側便是東市、西市。
【大成門-大成殿-學宮】
各位遊客：走過櫺星門，便是孔廟的正門，叫大成門，也叫戟門。門內側有石碑四塊。第一塊是《孔子問禮圖碑》，刻於南朝齊永明二年(484年)。記載了春秋末年奴隸制衰亡之際，孔子出於對周王朝禮樂制度的崇拜，抱著興國安邦、濟世訪賢的願望，於魯昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年)，從家鄉曲阜去周王城洛陽考察典章制度，尋求鞏固魯國奴隸主政權辦法的經歷。碑的上半部有"孔子問禮圖，吳敬恆題"的題字。圖中是二人駕車，一組身穿古裝人物在城門前歡迎的場面，還有"永明二年，孔子在魯人周門禮周流"的字樣。這塊碑已有1500多年的歷史了，圖文仍清晰可辨，是難得的珍貴文物。第二塊碑是《集慶孔廟碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔廟時由盧摯撰寫的，到元至順元年(1330年)，由純齋王公書寫刻石。第三塊碑是《封四氏碑》，講的是元至順二年，文宗皇帝詔示：加封顏回、曾參(孔子的兩個弟子)、孔極(孔子的孫子)、孟軻(孔子的再傳弟子)為四亞聖之事。第四塊碑是《封至聖夫人碑》，講的是元至順二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝頒旨加封孔子之妻為至聖夫人之事。廟院兩側是碑廊(原來是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位的地方)，廊內陳列了當代書法名家的碑刻30塊。現在，請大家隨我從中間的石雨道走。在進大成殿前，我先給大家介紹一下殿前的這個露天台子，這是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古時每年二月、八月的第一個丁日和孔子誕辰這一天(農曆八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔廟舉行盛大的祭掃活動。祭祀採用的是酉周奴隸主祭天地鬼神的禮儀，在大成殿前擺上仿青銅器做的祭器，上供牛2頭、豬16頭、羊16頭，以及大量布帛菽粟、乾鮮果品、香紙蠟燭等。主祭人要穿特製的古裝祭服，宣讀祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩禮，還配有樂隊和舞隊表演，以歌頌孔子，所以大成殿前要設舞臺。現在請各位遊客隨我進人孔廟主殿--大成殿。這是一座氣勢巍峨，重簷廡殿頂，屋脊中央有雙龍戲珠立雕的建築。這種規格的建築在全國也是屈指可數的。"大成"意思是孔子集古聖先賢思想之大成。大成殿內原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，兩旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。現在的大成殿已被闢為"南京鄉土文化博物館"。請大家再往前走，這裡便是夫子廟的學宮。門楣上方原來有"學宮"匾額，門外柏木牌坊，牌坊上題有"東南第一學"。牌坊的北面是四周圍有木欄的花圃，左右有四書齋，是學子自修讀書的地方。這四齋名稱分別是"志道"、"據德"、"依仁"、"遊藝"。後面是明德堂，這座建築建於南宋紹興九年(1139年)，堂名為文天祥所書。明德堂是學子集會的地方，每月朔望(農曆七年級和十五)朝聖後，學子在此集會，訓導師宣講聖教和上諭。東牆有"臥碑"，就是訓教的法規。左右橫樑上懸掛著江寧府所屬六縣舉貢員生題額。我們眼前的這座建築是梨香閣，原來是祭祀孔子父母的崇聖祠，現改為遊樂場了。東面那座建築是青雲樓，它建於明萬曆十四年(1586年)，是供把歷代督學使的祠堂，初建時為三層樓，因為臨近貢院，為防止有人從樓上偷看貢院，清代時改建成二層樓，上層用作藏書，下層是閱覽室。清末廢除科舉後，改為國小，民國初年改為江寧縣教育會，抗戰時被用作開茶館、歌場，戰後曾先後作為民眾教育館和南京市通志館。這也是舊學宮保留下來的為數不多的建築之一。各位遊客：參觀完學宮建築後，我們再去參觀一下夫子廟的另一座古建築群--貢院。
請看廣場前的這一條河，它叫秦淮河，是南京人民的母親河，全長110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。流經廣場的這一段是內秦淮河的一部分，建廟時被改造為泮池，因曲阜孔廟泮水流過而得名。南岸的一堵紅牆，是建於明萬曆(1575年)年間的大照壁，長達110米，氣勢磅礴，為全國照壁之最。照壁起遮蔽和裝飾作用，是整個夫子廟建築群的開始。泮池北岸石欄則為明正德(1514年)年間所建，是歷經了滄桑變遷之後，成為夫子廟建築群中唯一儲存最好的古代建築小品，抗戰前曾加以修整。遊人至此，憑欄小憩，觀覽秦淮秀色，心曠神怡。
泮池西側的文德橋現為漢白玉橋。因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。因為橋向與子午線方向一致，所以每逢農曆11月15日子時左右，皓月當空，憑欄俯視，在橋的兩邊分別可看到橋影將河中明月分成兩個半月，被稱為“文德分月”。吳敬梓在《儒林外史》一書中就有記述，如果您有機會的話，不妨在農曆11月15日來文德橋邊看一看。
文德橋南烏衣巷口的一組徽派建築群，為“王謝古居”。作為東晉豪族王謝兩大家族聚居區，影響比較大，尤其是唐劉禹錫名作《烏衣巷》的詩句，使烏衣巷、王謝舊居變得非常有名，現為“南京六朝歷史文化陳列館。”大家有時間可以進去參觀參觀。
現在我們看石欄北側是新復建的天下文樞坊，表明此處為天下文化中心。三門四柱，頗為壯觀。在古代，它與後面的櫺星門對應，用於帝王出巡朝聖祀孔，中間高門坊是皇帝幸臨的御道，左右供郡親王出入，一般的官員臣民不能通行，因而平時都用木柵欄封閉起來。
廟前廣場西側的聚星亭，六角飛簷、古樸大方，外表看雙重飛簷翹角，貌似兩層結構，其實只有一層，亭名取群星聚集、人才薈萃之意。再請看東邊，臨水而立的小院子是魁光閣，閣內的魁星亭，三層六面，下臨秦淮，景緻獨特。古有“奎主文章”之說。奎星即魁星，是文運興旺之兆，是科舉時考試奪魁的象徵，因而魁星被歷代學子奉為神靈。魁光閣與聚星亭東西犄角相望，互為呼應，融為一體。
廟前廣場北面的石砌坊門，是孔廟第一道大門—櫺星門，六柱三門，古樸優美，中間橫楣刻有篆文“櫺星門”。櫺星是古代天文學中的“文星”，取名之由是要表示天下文人學士集學於此的意思。三門之間鑲嵌有牡丹圖案的磚刻浮雕，精雕細琢，美侖美奐。石柱頂端皆用雲板，即華表之意，作為一種標誌。此乃皇帝祭孔的儀門。
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