Dear ladies and gentlemen, children
hello everyone!
I'm Sheng Zexi, today's tour guide. You can call me Xiao Sheng. Today weare going to visit the temple of heaven, which is one of the world famouscultural heritages. Today, I'm very happy to enjoy its beautiful scenery andarchitecture with you, and have a good time together. I wish you all have a goodtime!.
The temple of heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and QingDynasties worship heaven. It was first built in 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle inMing Dynasty), and then after continuous expansion, it was built in Qianlongperiod of Qing Dynasty. Since its completion, it has been a special altar forthe emperor to worship heaven. It lasted for 490 years until the end of the 1911Revolution and the end of the feudal monarchy. It also completed its mission. Itwas turned into a park in 1918 and has been "visited by others" ever since. In1957, it was listed in the first batch of historical and cultural relicsprotection units in Beijing. In 1961, it was listed in the first batch ofnational key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.
The temple of Heaven Park, with an area of 2.05 million square meters, hasfour groups of ancient buildings: qigutan, yuanqiutan, zhaigong and Shenle
Building group, there are 92 ancient buildings, more than 600. It is thelargest and most complete ancient architecture group in the world. There aremore than 3500 ancient pines, cypresses and locusts in the temple of heaven,which are more than hundreds of years old. The temple of heaven is not only thealtar of ancient Chinese emperors, but also the crystallization of China's longculture of offering sacrifices to heaven. Its magnificent architecture, greenancient trees and rich cultural relics collection record not only theexpectation and hope of ancient Chinese ancestors, but also the wisdom,fatalness and decay of feudal emperors.
Dear tourists, our tour today is coming to an end. I'm very happy to spendthis wonderful time with you. If you are not satisfied with my tour guide today,please criticize and correct me. Thank you!
Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction
Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.
The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.
The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmenwere demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.
Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the people's heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesn't matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian was just a wooden archway, which means "to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven". However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperor's respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tian'anmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed dai'an, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed dai'he, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.
This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of "Jinfeng imperial edict" was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.
The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.
In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male master's foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into today's Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the people's one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.
Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Chang'an Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Chang'an left gate and Chang'an right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Chang'an that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Chang'an, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.
In ancient China, there was a saying of "wendongwuxi", so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governor's office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.
Now we can't see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.
On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a "mountain". The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand people'sCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National People's Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.
In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.
Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the people's rding to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese people'sPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the people'sheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sicheng's design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. That's what we see was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.
The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote "the people's heroes are immortal". On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the people'sLiberation War and the people's revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the people's heroes who died in the people's Liberation War and the people'srevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the people's Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.
To the south of the monument to the people's Heroes is the chairman'smemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairman's death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Chinese Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairman'sbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairman's poem "Manjianghong" is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.
Behind the chairman's memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now it's the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairman's memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.
In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of China's nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.
The original flagpole base of Tian'anmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.
The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.
The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.
Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?
What's the weather like in Beijing?
Beijing's cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. What'sthe wind blowing in winter? What's the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round
You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. It's neither cold nor hot. It's an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. It's a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; it's a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.
I'd like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is r you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but don't call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdon't add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager ch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. What's the specialsignificance of this day? My mother's birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizu's birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I can't be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that I'm not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesn't matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyone's activities in Beijing these days.
In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National People's Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Let's give him some applause first!
Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.
People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they won't be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "Kao! It's really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, it's still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedon't have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. You'd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).
Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we haven't arranged to watch acrobatics. I'mvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from a's trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic ese people can be proud to announce to the world that we can't do football,we can't do track and field, we can't do swimming pool, but we can't do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you don't go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.
The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xi'an to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddha's head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch people's heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch people's heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Can't get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!
Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of let's briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.
Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing
Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.
The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / e are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.
To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because it's expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although it's cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.
The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you don't go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.
Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperor's harem three thousand, so many women we can't do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijing's tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.
So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called rally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I don't call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I don't care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I don't call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.
This is Beijing's address, Tianjin's address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she won't call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your father's ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your father's younger brother is not uncle. In a word, it'sbasically shouting. That's what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for jin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.
The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International essway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.
Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis "three yuan"? The imperial examination system is called "three yuan". Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong ng the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called children's examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is "Jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is "Huiyuan"; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.
Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.
Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.
Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.
Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guang'anmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of today's old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 r the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.
The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural are the world's wonders of the Great Wall, the world's most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.
百花山是國家AAA級風景區，位於北京市房山區和門頭溝區交界的深山中，距市區120公里，道路交通便利。森林覆蓋率達90%。主峯百花山海拔1991米，白草畔海拔2050米，為北京市第三高峯。
百花山動、植物資源豐富，素有華北天然動植物園之稱，有四個植被類型，十個森林羣落。植物種類有110科、1100種。動物種類有170種，其中有國家一級保護動物金錢豹、褐馬雞、黑鸛、金雕，國家二級保護動物有斑羚、勺雞。市級保護動物有50多種。
百花山環境獨特，風景優美，是一個很好的旅遊場所。年均氣温6～7℃，七月份平均温度22℃，負氧離子含量為5級，是消夏避暑的勝地。
百花山的風景資源可分為四大景區，35個景點：百花山主峯景區、百花山草甸景區、望海樓景區、白草畔景區。這裏風景獨特、氣候宜人，羣山環抱、奇峯連綿、溪水潺潺雲遮霧障、勁鬆森林，奇花異草，稀禽珍獸。有“百花草甸”、“百草山瀑布”、“萬年冰肌”、“古樹擎天”、“雲頂日出”、“古石海”、“雲海升騰”、“晚霞映翠”、“螞蟻山”、“送樹長廊”等著名景觀。
大家好，我是這次旅遊的導遊，我姓*，大家可以叫我*導!
現在快到目的地--北京天壇，所以我先給大家將一些注意事項：“禮貌、衞生、秩序、眼看手勿動、禁止亂塗亂畫”這五點，記得哦!
乘客們，旅遊景點已到，請大家有秩序的下車!現在我們來到了天壇的正門，這裏是皇帝前來祭祀時進出的大門。現在，就讓我一一地為大家介紹吧!
天壇，1998年11月被列入《世界遺產名錄》。它位於北京城南端，是明、清兩代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈禱五穀豐收的地方。天壇不僅是中國古建築中的明珠，也是世界建築史上的瑰寶。
天壇東西長1700米，南北寬1600米，種面積為273萬平方米。天壇包括圜丘和祈谷二壇，圍牆分內外兩層，呈回字形。北圍牆為孤圓形，南圍牆與東西牆成直角相交，為方形。這種南方北圓，，通稱“天地牆”，象徽古代“天圓地方”之説。
以上就是天壇的故事，時間不早了，現在，大家自由參觀拍照吧!--轉眼間，我們的北京天壇一日遊又結束了，大家有秩序的坐車回家吧!
青龍峽位於北京市懷柔區城北20公里處，距北京三元橋75公里，是集青山、綠水、古長城於一體的自然風景區。景區佔地面積150公頃，南北狹長約十餘華里，雄偉的水庫大壩將景區分為兩個部分。
青龍峽旅遊度假村位於懷柔區懷北鎮著名的古長城關口大水峪關附近，南鄰風光旖旎的雁棲湖，是集田園風光、山川秀色、青山綠谷、長城古貌為一體的旅遊觀光、度假休閒勝地。獨特的塞外氣候，涼爽宜人，是人們遠離鬧市喧譁，尋覓山水靜地，迴歸山野自然，旅遊觀光度假的最佳選擇。青龍峽風景區由萬里長城登城遊覽、蒼龍峽觀飛龍瀑和青龍峽水上游樂三大景區組成。
前門大街是北京非常著名商業街。位於京城中軸線，北起前門月亮灣，南至天橋路口，與天橋南大街相連。明嘉靖二十九年(1550)建外城前是皇帝出城赴天壇、山川壇的御路，建外城後為外城主要南北街道。民眾俗稱前門大街。大街長845米，行車道寬20米。明、清至民國時皆稱正陽門大街。1965年正式定名為前門大街。
明、清至民國時皆稱正陽門大街，民眾俗稱前門大街。1965年正式定名為前門大街。明代前門大街是正東坊和正西坊的分界線，
前門大街舊景以街中心分界，東屬正東坊，西屬正西坊。又因正陽門是京師正門，故前門大街一帶比其他城門大街寬。在城市建制上，明北京城突破了元代所遵循的"前朝後市"的定製，正陽門周圍以及南至鮮魚口、廊房衚衕一帶，形成了大商業區。明朝中葉，由於商業的發達，前門大街 兩側出現了鮮魚口、豬(珠)市口、煤市口、糧食店等集市和街道，前門大街才成為一條商業街。北京最著名的"大柵欄兒"也在其中。明嘉靖以後，各省市在京做官的人為了解決進京應試舉子的住宿問題，在前門大街兩廂建立了各地會館。舉人們常到前門大街來購買生活用品或飲酒作樂，這樣也促使前門大街成為一條繁華的商業街道。清初把東城的燈市挪到前門一帶，而且為了維護皇權的尊嚴，戲院、茶園、妓院只准許開設在城外，於是前門大街較前又有了進一步的繁榮。
清代大街兩側陸續形成了許多專業集市，如鮮魚市、肉市、果子市、布市、草市、豬市、糧食市、珠寶市、瓜子市等。附近衚衕內隨之出現許多工匠作坊、貨棧、車馬店、旅店、會館以及慶樂、三慶、華樂等戲園。大街的蓆棚之房逐漸改建成磚木結構的正式房，形成了東、西側房後有裏街的三條街。東側裏街為肉市街、布巷子、果子市，西側裏街為珠寶市、糧食市。前門外正街的店鋪創立時間大部分晚於裏街的店鋪，路東有全聚德烤鴨店、便宜坊烤鴨店、會仙居炒肝店、永安堂藥鋪、黑猴帽店、都一處燒麥館、正陽樓飯莊、瑞生祥、九龍齋鮮果店、通三益乾果海味店、正明齋餑餑鋪等。路西及西里街有永增和錢莊、瑞蚨祥綢布店、天蕙齋鼻煙店、同仁堂藥鋪、六必居醬菜園、一條龍羊肉館等。
前門大街清末，前門大街已有夜市。光緒二十七年(1901)後，在前門箭樓東、西兩側設立了前門火車站東站西站，前門大街成為北京同外省聯繫的交通樞紐。20世紀50年代初，前門地區共有私營商業基本户800餘家。前門大街東側從北往南有大北照相館、慶林春茶葉店、通三益果品海味店、力力餐廳、天成齋餑餑鋪、便宜坊烤鴨店、老正興飯莊、普蘭德洗染店、億兆棉織百貨商店、前門五金店等店鋪。前門大街 北起前門月亮灣，南至天橋路口，全長845米，僅前門大街兩側，建築面積就共計6.6萬平方米，約容納180家商户。
廣和樓又名"廣和查樓"或"查樓"，是前門大街不可不看的一處景觀，這裏封存着老北京對梨園文化最初的記憶。廣和樓建於明末，曾為京城最早最出名的戲樓，與華樂樓、廣德樓、第一舞台並稱為京城四大戲園。查樓本是私家花園裏的戲樓，它的繁華初始於康熙年間。那時查樓已經不再是私家園林裏的寂寞台榭，改成了對外營業的茶園，初名查家茶樓、查家樓，後改稱廣和茶樓。康熙曾到此看戲，並賜台聯，一時間風光無量。改革開放以來，隨着電影、電視等新潮文化"入侵"，許多老戲園在城市建設的推土機裏化為灰燼，廣和樓雖然有幸免於劫難，但為了維持生計，它放過電影，舉辦過交誼舞比賽，還一度做過遊戲廳，廣和樓也因此改名廣和劇場。自1996年後，這裏再也沒有舉行過京劇演出。
20世紀50年代初，前門地區共有私營商業基本户800餘家。
前門大街夜景 前門大街東側從北往南有大北照相館、慶林春前門大街茶葉店、通三益果品海味店、力力餐廳、天成齋餑餑鋪、便宜坊烤鴨店、老正興飯莊、普蘭德洗染店、億兆棉織百貨商店、前門五金店等店鋪;西側從北往南有月盛齋醬肉鋪、華孚鐘錶店、慶頤堂藥店、一條龍羊肉館、盛錫福帽店、公興文化用品店、祥聚公餑餑鋪、龍順成木器門市部、前門大街麻繩店、前門自行車商店、前門信託商店等店鋪。1979年以後，在原有老字號商店和傳統經營特色基本保留下來的同時，又陸續開設了五金交電、服裝百貨、自行車、食品、鐘錶、化工油漆等新店。前門大街悠久的歷史，造就了這裏的許多中華老字號，如六必居醬園、同仁堂藥店、瑞蚨祥綢布店、長春堂藥店、內聯升鞋店、張一元茶莊，還有月盛齋的醬肉店、都一處的燒賣店等16處老字號分列道路兩側。
在鮮魚口、打磨廠等衚衕內，也是店鋪、飯館林立，不過這裏已沒有享有很高聲譽的老字號，而是外地人在此開設的條件簡陋的美容美髮店、小飯館。記者到時正值中午時分，每家飯館都有一兩個夥計站在店門口招徠過往行人，吆喝聲此起彼伏。
各位遊客：
你們好，歡迎你們來到北京旅遊，我是你們的導遊。
從八達嶺長城往南，沿著名的“關溝”直下約5公里的中間地帶，就是明萬里長城最負盛名的雄關之一——居庸關。居庸關自古就是今北京地區西北的屏障。
如果説八達嶺是西北進入北京的第一道門户的話，這裏就是第二道門户。居庸關兩側高山聳立，翠峯重迭，峭壁陡不可攀。中間一徑相通，地勢十分險要。成書於戰國時期的《呂氏春秋》中就有“天下九塞，居庸其一”的記載。
居庸關在漫長的歲月中，雖始終是兵防重鎮，卻屢易其名，三國時稱“西關”，北齊時改“納款關”，唐時又先稱“薊門關”，後改為“軍都關”，由遼以後經金、元、明、清至今，一直稱謂“居庸關”。秦時，雖然秦始皇所修長城不經過這裏，但此地已是秦軍都縣和居庸縣的關口。到北魏時期的公元446年，這裏才開始有了長城。公元555年，北齊政權所修長城也曾經過這裏。此時，居庸關才真正成為長城線上的一個重要隘口。明朝建立之初，就於洪武三年(公元1370年)派開國元勛徐達修築了居庸關關城。關城兩側的長城城牆，緊接關城向兩翼山上延伸，其形如大鵬展翅。城牆隨山勢地形而築，在山巔平緩處的垛口為“凹”字形，牆築在陡峭山坡，垛口為台階式，呈鋸齒狀。關城設南北二門，街長二里餘，南門築有甕城。垛口、射洞齊備，咽喉通道穿入南北門。具有“一夫當關，萬夫莫開”之險。它與明長城的倒馬關和紫荊關合稱為“內三關”。
居庸關雲台位於居庸關城的中心，為一過街塔基座，用漢白玉砌成。建於元至元五年(公元1345年)。台上原矗立三座石制-塔，俗稱“過街塔”。塔在元末明初時先後被毀。明正統四年(公元1439年)，在台上重建寺院，名泰安寺。寺又於清代康熙四十一年(公元1720xx年)被焚燬。現存塔基高9.5米，下基東西長26.84米，南北長17.57米。台頂四周安設有雕刻精美的石護欄及排水龍頭。台座正中間南北各開一券門，券洞為八邊折角式拱券，這是我國僅存的宋、元以前城關門洞的建築形式。券面及券洞內雕有迦樓羅(金翅鳥)、大龍神、卷葉花等。券洞內左右兩壁，刻有屬於-教內容的佛教圖像，如四大天王像，以大鵬、鯨魚等六種形象組成的法相飾“六〓具”等。四大天王之間，佈滿了用梵、藏、八思巴、維吾爾、漢、西夏西夏六種文字刻寫的佛經，以及用漢文刻寫的《造塔功德記》。券洞頂部雕刻有10尊坐佛和若干小佛像，還雕刻有各種花草圖案。
居庸關，是京北長城沿線上的著名古關城，"天下九塞"之一，"太行八陘"之八，國家級文物保護單位。
關城所在的峽谷，屬太行餘脈軍都山地，西山夾峙，下有巨澗，懸崖峭壁，地形極為險要。居庸關與紫荊關、倒馬關、固關並稱明朝京西四大名關，其中居庸關、紫荊關、倒馬關又稱內三關。
庸關在北京市昌平縣境內，形勢險要，自古為兵家必爭之地。有南北兩個關口，南名“南口”，北稱“居庸關”。居庸關兩旁，山勢雄奇，中間有長達18公里的溪谷，俗稱“關溝”。這裏清流縈繞，翠峯重迭，花木鬱茂，山鳥爭鳴。綺麗的風景，有“居庸疊翠”之稱，被列為“燕京八景”之一。居庸關的中心有一個“過街塔”基座，名“雲台”，取其“遠望如在雲端”之意。雲台創建於元至正二至五年(1342一1345年)，是用漢白玉石築成的，台高9.5米，上頂東西寬25.21米，南北長12.9米;下基東西寬26.84米。南北長15.57米，上小下大，平面呈矩形。台頂四周的石欄杆、望柱、欄板、滴水龍頭等建築，都保持着元代的藝術風格。台基中央有一個門洞，門道可通行人、車、馬。雲台可謂是元代一座大型的石雕藝術精品。雲台上原建有三座白色喇嘛塔，可惜毀於元末明初。此後在台基上建了“泰安寺”，清康熙四十一年(1720xx年)，寺遭火焚，僅存雲台。現在台頂上的柱礎，就是明代泰安寺殿字的遺物。
居庸關附近，還有“仙枕石”、“五郎廟”、“六郎寨”、“彈琴峽”、“望京石”、“天險”、“穆桂英點將台”、“詹天佑銅像”等景點，增添了這座雄關的風采。1992年昌平區十三陵特區辦事處為保護文物，對關城建築進行了全面修復，再現了昔日的雄姿。關城附近自然景觀十分壯美，早在金明昌年間(公元1190—1195年)“居庸疊翠”之名已列入“燕山八景”。
居庸關在距北京市區50餘公里外的昌平縣境內。相傳秦始皇修長城時，將囚犯、士卒和強徵來的民夫徙居於此，後取“徙居庸徒”之意，故名居庸關。 漢代沿稱，此後各代仍稱居庸關口這裏山巒間花木鬱茂葱籠，仿如碧波翠浪，故有“居庸疊翠”之稱。 居庸關形勢險要，自古為兵家必爭之地，它有南北兩個關口，南名“南口”，北稱“八達嶺”。居庸關兩旁山勢雄奇，中間有長達18公里的溪谷，俗稱“關溝”。這裏清流縈繞、翠峯重疊、花木鬱茂、山鳥爭鳴，被列為“燕京八景”之一。
居庸關長城所在的峽谷，屬太行餘脈軍都山地，地形極為險要。早在春秋戰國時代，燕國就要扼控此口，時稱“居庸塞”。漢朝時，居庸關城已頗具規模。南北朝時，關城建築又與長城連在一起。此後歷唐、遼、金、元數朝，居庸峽谷都有關城之設。
居庸關長城在北京昌平縣境內，距北京市區60公里，是長城的一個重要關口，古代北京西北的重要屏障，形勢險要。然而，這個漢代關始設立的開口，歷盡滄桑，殘損嚴重，漸漸失
居庸關長城(4張)去公眾的關注。歷時4年、耗資上億元的居庸關長城修復工程已竣工，居庸關長城已於1998年3月正式對遊人開放。
遊覽居庸關主要是觀賞那高六雄偉的關城和連錦起伏的垛口，以及雲台精美石雕。
關城：明代居庸關有南北雨個外圍關口，南邊的叫南口，北邊的為八達嶺口(北口)，關城就設在南口北邊的峽谷 (關淆)中。城設南北門，南門築有甕城，一條困喉通道穿入南北門。關城兩旁高山聳立，重因疊蟑，林木葱鬱，早在 800多年前的金代，就被列為燕京八景之一，稱為「居庸疊翠」。
雲台：在關城的中心，有一座雕刻精美的漢白玉石台，名為「雲台」，建於元代至正五年(公元1 345年)，原是建 築物的台基，台上先後建有過街塔、泰安寺，現僅存星座。雲台的雕刻集中在券門和券洞內。券門雨側到有金剛杵及各種獸類浮雕，正中刻有金翅鳥王;券洞內壁有四六天王浮雕及漢、藏、回、蒙、梵、西夏6種文字所到的《陀羅尼經咒》和《造塔功德記》。券頂佈滿曼陀羅花及小佛像，雕刻極為精緻。
建築特點
1.呈圓周封閉形建築形式;
2.寬窄、高低變化大，最寬16.7米，最窄1.2米。東山長城比河 居庸關長城
套長城高出370米左右。牆體內側低，外側高，外側叫垛口牆，內側叫女牆或宇牆，可以有效地抗擊敵人;
3.建築結構形式多樣，是整個長城建築的精華，在清理基址時發現有花崗巖條石壘成的，有碎石塊砌成的，有磚砌的，説明它的建築年代不同;
4.軍事防禦範圍廣，周圍面積50多公頃，南北券城相距約850米左右，東山頂至西山頂直線距離1150米，防禦設施有南、北券城、城樓、水門、水閘、敵樓、鋪房、烽隧、角樓、炮台等。長城上的敵樓、烽燧、鋪房，是古代打仗時作為掩體和士兵居住的地方，共修復了25座，這些按明代規制燒的城磚，都是靠人工、牲畜往上運送材料。高大雄偉的城樓，南北各有一座，樓為三重檐歇山式綠琉璃瓦翦邊，高21米，下面城台高10米。城樓是指揮作戰的中心，所以建造高大。站在樓上，可以一目瞭然，有利於觀敵情。城台下面有券門通甕城。甕城即大城門外的月城，用以增強城池的防禦力量。
景點
券城與南北關
南關甕城呈馬蹄形，南關主城門南北走，向上有重檐歇山城樓一座，自地面計算高31.8米，甕城西側有甕城城門通往關城向南的大道，在弧形甕城城台上設有炮台，陳列着明代古燈，外牆有垛口，內側牆低矮無垛口。作戰時可將敵人誘入甕城，主城關閉阻其入城，再放甕城閘門，敵人就被困在甕城裏，只能束手就擒，有“甕中捉鼈”之意，因此得名甕城，在甕城之中建有一座福佑關城的關王廟。北關與南關作用相同，呈長方形的甕城上設有炮台，甕城城門朝向北側，北甕城中建有北方鎮守大神真武廟，廟內供有十二生肖神，水火。
古炮
資料圖片在居庸關南券城和北券城城牆之上，分別陳列5門古炮。南券城陳列“大將軍鐵炮”2門，長1.7米，炮口口徑8釐米。“竹節鐵炮”3門，長1.7米，炮口口徑15釐米;北券城陳列“大將軍鐵炮”2門，長1.77米和1.79米，炮口口徑7釐米。“竹節鐵炮”3門;長為1.08米、1.5米、1.7米，炮口口徑為14釐米和8釐米。明代是我國古代大炮製鑄和使用最興盛時期。元朝末年，朱元璋起義，和州人焦立向他呈獻十支新式武器“火銃”。用火藥發射鐵彈丸，當時稱為“火龍槍”。明朝建立以後，專門設有兵仗軍器局，研製鑄造大炮。大炮被稱為“神威大將軍”。在軍隊中，設有使用大炮的軍機營。京城衞戎，長城關口要衝，配備神機營。明成祖時，下令在長城沿線安置大炮。還“佛郎機”“神槍”“鐵銃”等。《明史.兵志》記載，到了明代中葉，大炮的鑄造工業逐於精良，製造出的“紅夷大炮”長可二丈有餘，重三千斤。發之洞裂石城，聲震數十里。這種炮，有照門和準星用於瞄準，射程可達500多米。在修復居庸關北關城時，發掘出土石炮彈23枚，最大直徑為15釐米，鐵炮彈6枚，最大直徑5 釐米。[1]
雲台石刻
雲台石刻堪稱一絕，券門內兩側右壁及頂部遍刻佛像，佛像造型生動，雕刻技藝高超，六種文字的石刻經文、咒語為歷史研究提供了難能可貴的資料。據專家考證，石刻造像具有典型的藏傳佛教薩迦教派的特徵。進入券門兩壁刻四大天王像。天王身軀高大，怒目圓睜，並有厲鬼在其左右，是護持佛法，鎮守國家四方的尊神。據説明朝正德年間，武宗皇帝朱厚燳微服出遊，夜間騎馬偷偷混出居庸關時，他的坐騎見到四大天王像，嚇得不敢前行。無奈之下武宗下令用煙火把像燻黑了，才得以出關。
券門兩壁四天王的空間處，有用梵、藏、八思巴、畏兀兒、西夏、漢等六種文字鐫刻的《如來心經》經文、咒語、造塔功德記等，西夏文是紀錄我國古代党項族語言的文字，創制於公元1036—1038年間，當時約有六千多字流行。八思巴文是元世祖忽然必烈命其帝師八思巴創立的蒙古新字。它脱胎於藏文，採用拼音的方式書寫，並於公元1269年頒詔推行。以上兩種文字流傳時間很短便廢棄不用，而保存下來的石刻文字對破譯古代文字，以及研究西夏、蒙古歷史都提供了非常珍貴的實物資料。
居庸關
居庸關券門頂部刻有五個曼荼羅，即五組圓形圖案式佛像，佛界稱其為壇場。壇場的設立有保護眾佛修煉鐵，防止魔眾侵犯的意思。五曼荼羅的主尊佛像，由北往南依次為： 釋迦牟尼佛(如來佛)、阿彌陀佛(菩薩形)、阿佛(菩薩形)、金剛手菩薩、普明菩薩。其中除釋迦牟尼為佛祖之外，其他四菩薩在此顯現，則有四方教主的意思。五曼荼羅連同其他佛像，共197尊。
券頂兩側的斜面上，刻有十方佛，在每方佛的周圍還分別刻有小佛102座，共計小佛1020座，取共千佛之意。這些小佛，是明朝正統年間，修建泰安寺(1443—1449年)時，由鎮守永寧(今延慶縣境)的太監谷春主持補刻的。連同十方佛下的菩薩、比丘，券項兩側部共有刻像1060尊。
券門的南北券面上，雕刻着造型獨特、別具一格的一組造像，其中有大鵬、鯨魚、龍子、童男、獸王、象王等等，佛界稱其為“六拿具”。大鵬寓意慈悲鯨魚為保護之相，龍子表示救護之意，童男騎在獸王上自然是寓意福資在天，而象王則有温馴善師的含意，券面最下端的石刻紋飾為交杵,又稱羯魔杵、金剛杵。原本為古印度的一種兵器，在此為斷煩惱、伏惡魔，護持佛法的法器。鑑於雲台刻石造像的歷史與文物價值，1961年，經國務院批准，雲台刻石造像被列為第一批全國重點保護文物。
真武廟(1996年修復)
明洪熙元年(1420xx年)建。真武廟所祀主神為真武大帝。真武即玄武，是中國古代神話中的北方之神，道教所奉的神。相傳古淨樂國王的太子，生而神猛，越東海來遊，遇天神授寶劍，入湖北武當山修煉，經42年而功成，白日飛昇，威鎮北方，號玄武君，宋代皇帝因避其祖趙玄朗名諱，改玄武為“真武”。宋真宗時尊為“鎮天真武靈應聖帝君”，簡稱“真武帝君”。元朝時加封真武為“元聖仁威玄天上帝”，成為北方最高神。明代對真武信仰達到鼎盛。朱棣稱帝后，特加封真武為“北極鎮天真武玄天上帝”，並將其所謂修煉之地——武當山賜名“大嶽太和山”。相傳，洪武初大將軍徐達北征“屢有真武靈助之”，因而在關內修建此廟。修復的廟內有道教真武神八大元帥、六丁六甲神將、水火二將和青龍、白虎等神像。
城隍廟
這組廟宇規模較大。城隍是道教所傳守護城池的神。中國古代稱有水的城塹為“池”，無水的城塹為“隍”。據説三千多年前的周代，除夕要祭祀八種神，其中就有城神、隍神。以後兩神合二為一，就成為城池之神了。道教認為城隍是剪惡除兇、護城安民之神，能應人之求，旱時降雨，澇時轉晴，以保五穀豐登，百姓安泰。
最早是三國東吳時，在安徽蕪湖建城隍神廟，以供拜祭。到了唐代，祭祀城隍逐漸普遍，人們把一些在地方有功的開明人士死後奉為城隍神，希望他能繼續福佑鄉土，保護百姓。宋代祭祀城隍更是遍行各鄉。到了明朝，明太祖元璋即位不久，就下令在都城南京修建規模宏大的城隍廟，並頒佈城隍神的封號爵級，敕封京城城隍為帝，開封臨濠等地的城隍為王;府級城隍為威靈公，官居二品，州級城隍為顯佑伯，官居四品，並按照級別，配製服飾。另外，城隍還管領亡魂。朱元璋還為城隍組織了一套機構，設有判官和衙役，道教乘機聲稱“城隍老爺”有權拘捕活人到陰間，死人的陰魂也都首先到城隍廟去接受審問。新官上任必須齋戒沐浴去祭祀城隍廟後，方得進衙理事，每月七年級、十五還得前往祭拜。
朱元璋如此重視城隍神是有他的目的的。朱元璋曾對大學士宋濂透露過心裏話：“朕立城隍神，使人知畏，人有所畏，則不敢妄為”。説穿了，大肆鼓吹神鬼的威力，不過是震懾臣民，目的是鞏固封建統治。居庸關的城隍廟建於明洪武年間(1368-1397年)。清代乾隆三十年(1765年)重修。在這裏建置城隍廟除為了護佑關城外，還有約束軍民的用意。這次修復是1996年，廟內塑有城隍、閻王、山神、地神等神像。
水門
居庸關地形險要兩側高山，中間一水，水道，南北方向貫穿關城。長城與河道交叉之處，建有雙孔圓拱水門，水門上有閘樓，內設水閘，藉此控制門內外水量。洪水季節打開閘口，瀉洪，枯水季節，儲備河水供關城使用。水門橋墩為南北尖狀，以利於減少洪水對水門的作用力，起到了防止毀壞，延長使用時間的作用。
各位團友:
大家好!歡迎大家參加旅行社組織的北京之旅，我是旅行社的導遊員我姓*，大家叫我小*就可以了。在我身邊這一位呢是我們這次旅途中最為勞苦功高的一位，我們的*師傅，有着多年的駕齡，綜合的説我們的*師傅可稱的上是"三好"師傅--駕駛技術好，脾氣好，長的也好!由陳師傅為我們行車大家可以放心。在此，我們於以熱烈的掌聲多謝我們的*師傅。俗話説："有朋自遠方來不亦樂乎!”我和司機師傅能有緣分前來接待大家，並能有機會為全團服務感到非常高興!對各位遠到來來北京旅遊觀光和休閒度假，我們代表旅行社表示熱烈歡迎!
在接下來的幾天裏將我陪同大家一起遊覽美麗的北京，希望在這短暫的時間裏大家可以通過我的講解走進北京，瞭解北京.在行車路途中為避免意外發生，請大家不要把您的頭，手，肘伸出窗外，在遊覽的路途中旅遊車就是我們第二個家，請大家注意一下我們車上的衞生，如果您有什麼要求可以直接告訴我!我會全力的為您服務.希望大家在這幾天裏可以玩的開心，住的舒心，吃的順心。
朋友們，我們面前的這條街就北京最古老的街區之一南鑼鼓巷。
南鑼鼓巷南北走向，長約800米，東西各有8條衚衕整齊排列着，從南向北，西面的8條衚衕是福祥衚衕、蓑衣衚衕、雨兒衚衕、帽兒衚衕、景陽衚衕、沙井衚衕、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓樓苑衚衕;東邊的8條衚衕是炒豆衚衕、板廠衚衕、東棉花衚衕、北兵馬司衚衕、秦老胡同、前圓恩寺衚衕、後圓恩寺衚衕、菊兒衚衕。這些衚衕在元朝時沒有名稱，名稱是明朝以後逐漸演變來的。比如菊兒衚衕，明代叫局兒衚衕，後來改稱橘兒衚衕，清代宣統時才稱菊兒衚衕，後延續至今。整個街區猶如一條大蜈蚣，所以又稱蜈蚣街。
近幾年，成為許多時尚雜誌報道的熱點，不少電視劇在這裏取景拍攝，許多國外旅行者把其列為在北京的必遊景點。其實，明清以來，這裏一直是“富人區”，居住過許多達官貴人、社會名流，從明朝將軍到清朝王爺，從北洋政府總統到總裁，從文學大師到畫壇巨匠，這裏的每一條衚衕都留下歷史的痕跡。
有人説三里屯酒吧街是彩色的，什剎海酒吧街是暗紅色的，而南鑼鼓巷酒吧街是翠綠色的。這樣的評説可能不僅是指自然的色彩，或許還指向其不同的文化內涵吧。這裏的每一條衚衕都有豐厚的文化積澱，每一個宅院裏都訴説着老故事。
現在大家請跟我進入進南鑼鼓巷南口東面的第一條衚衕，是炒豆衚衕。炒豆衚衕西口不遠77號門旁，標有東城區重點文物保護單位的牌子，上寫“僧王府”。僧王府是清代僧格林沁的王府。僧格林沁是蒙古科爾沁旗人，1820xx年襲封科爾沁郡王，1855年晉封親王。他能征善戰，但在歷史上卻是個譭譽參半的人物。1859年在大沽海戰中他督軍奮戰，大敗英法聯軍。1863年後又受命剿捻，在山東、河南、安徽鎮壓捻軍。1865年5月，率部在山東曹州與捻軍激戰中陣亡。死後，其子伯彥諾謨詁承襲親王爵，因而這一帶的老住户，還稱這所府址為“伯王府”，伯王曾任御前大臣，做過光緒的“諳達”(老師)，教光緒騎射。
原僧王府規模很大，前門在炒豆衚衕，後門在板廠衚衕，縱跨兩個衚衕。王府分中、東、西三路，各有四進。其中東路除正院外，還有東院四進，組成一個很大的建築羣。
民國後，府第被親王的後代逐漸拍賣，被分成了許多院落。現在的炒豆衚衕71號至77號(單號)，板廠衚衕30號至34號(雙號)，都是原王府的範圍。
炒豆衚衕西口,是僧格林沁家的祠堂，也是一組很大的建築。祠堂和王府建在一條衚衕，在清朝是不多見的。現在這裏被改建為“侶鬆園賓館”。像這樣幽靜秀雅、古香古色的四合院賓館，在北京也是不多見的。
大家順着南鑼鼓巷跟着我再往北走，東邊的第三條衚衕是東棉花衚衕。進口不遠路北就是中外聞名的中央戲劇學院。作為我國學習舞台和影視表演的頂級學府，其佔地面積真不算大，包括實驗劇場，只佔東棉花衚衕和北兵馬司衚衕之間西部的一部分。但是，廟不在大，有神則靈。這裏培養了我國一代代的話劇與影視明星。陳寶國、陳道明、姜文、鞏俐、章子怡……都曾在這裏學習生活。
這裏原是靳雲鵬舊宅。説到這裏大家一定好奇靳雲鵬是何許人?靳雲鵬(1877-1951)，早年畢業於北洋武備學堂，在雲南任清軍19鎮總參議。後受袁世凱信任，任山東都督。1920xx年後任段祺瑞政府陸軍總長、代理國務總理。
靳雲鵬買下這裏後，拆除了部分四合院，建了幾座西式樓房。1920xx年年底，靳雲鵬辭職後，長期在天津居住。上世紀60年代，院裏仍有幾處舊樓，當時作為辦公樓和單身教師宿舍。又過去了40年，舊建築已全部拆除，靳宅早已無跡可覓。
請大家看我手指得方向就是雨兒衚衕，這裏曾住過我國一位畫壇巨匠———國畫大師齊白石。您進衚衕不遠，就能看到路北13號院門旁掛着“北京市美術家協會”的牌子。院子很寬敞，保護得很完好，院中央還擺着大魚缸。這裏沒有重新粉刷，透出老宅門的原汁原味。這裏原是清內務府一個總管大臣的私宅，因為建築時私用了皇宮的料，建制又超越了等級，因而被參劾，宅子也被分成幾部分出售，13號院只是一部分。解放後，文化部買下來，由齊白石老先生居住。但老先生住了沒多久，就搬到西城跨車衚衕，所以，現在齊白石的故居多指跨車衚衕。
出雨兒衚衕，沿着南鑼鼓巷，繼續往北走。路西就是帽兒衚衕。如果説南鑼鼓巷是北京街道中尊貴得王冠那麼帽兒衚衕就是這王冠上最閃亮得寶石。如果大家有什麼質疑請跟隨我一步步瞭解這璀璨得寶石。
路北7號至15號院，原是一組大建築羣，是清末大學士文煜的住宅和花園。五院並聯，佔地達11000平方米。宅院得主人是清滿洲正藍旗人，曾歷任四川按察使、山東巡撫、直隸總督等要職，光緒XX年拜武英殿大學士。他積累了大量的財富，精心修築了自己的住宅和花園。花園落成於1861年，名“可園”，約佔地4畝，雖然不很大，但疏朗有致，被認為是晚清北京私家園林中最有藝術價值的花園。
現已被列入國家級重點文物保護單位，但一直沒有對外開放。如果大家想欣賞一下其“廬山真面目”，那麼我將帶大家參觀千古一貪——和珅的恭王府花園。
再往西走，路北35號、37號院，是郭博勒氏的家。説郭博勒氏可能知道的人不多，但説到末代皇帝溥儀得正宮皇后婉容大家一定不會陌生吧!用清代的説法，應稱為“後邸”。宣統大婚時，已是民國XX年，但還是履行民國初年所頒佈的優待清皇室條件，所以對這所“後邸”花了許多錢，大加修繕。婉容的父親榮源，由於女兒“冊後”，後父按禮制被封為“三等承恩公”，這所府邸又成為承恩公府，更要大加改建，以合乎府第規格。比如將原來一間的院門，改為三間的府門，內外影壁、左右屏門都重新修建。
出了帽兒衚衕再往北，路東是秦老胡同。秦老胡同35號，也是一座精美的宅院，曾是清內務府總管大臣索家的府邸。院落不是很大，但十分精緻。他的書房前有一小花園，名綺園。園內有疊石假山、遊廊池榭，還有一個船形敞軒，雖小巧卻意境深邃，頗有江南園林的意境。站在大門前，僅門樓上的磚雕，已讓我讚歎不已，雕工極為精美，保存又十分完好，真是不可多得的磚雕珍品。
現在大家看到得是茅盾故居。和這一地區的許多深宅大院相比，茅盾故居是太普通，是一座不大的兩進四合院。進入故居後大家可以看到，院子中矗立着茅盾先生的半身塑像。周圍的房間是茅盾生平展覽。後院的卧室、起居室、書房等，還按照先生生前的樣子佈置。茅盾解放後一直住在東四頭條203號文化部宿舍，與周揚、陽翰笙等為鄰，1974年搬到後圓恩寺，直到病逝，在這個小院中度過了他最後7年的歲月。
出了茅盾故居再往東走，隔不多幾個門，看到一個很大的院落，是圓恩寺衚衕7號。這裏原是清代慶親王次子的府邸，建築為中西合璧式，既有四合院，又有西洋樓房，還有很大的花園。園中有西式拱形圓亭、噴泉，又有來自圓明園的刻石，同樣是中西合璧。這所宅子也是幾易其主，民國時曾賣給法國人，抗戰勝利後，成為行轅，來北平即下榻於此。解放後，此處曾先後成為中共中央華北局辦公處、南斯拉夫大使館、中國人民對外友好協會等，現在是友好賓館。
現在進入大家眼簾的是菊兒衚衕。説他名揚中外，是因為建築大師吳良鏞主持設計的菊兒衚衕危房改造工程，1992年被亞洲建築協會授予“亞洲建築金獎”，1993年又被授予“世界人居獎”。
在衚衕中部，北邊有一片2至3層的樓房，黑瓦白牆，圍合成一個個小院落，既有江南民居的秀麗，又有老北京四合院的神韻，和周圍的建築風格也十分協調，這就是改造後的菊兒衚衕新四合院。吳良鏞教授根據“有機更新”的城市規劃理論，認為舊城改造，要保留好的和有歷史價值的建築，修繕雖已破舊但尚可利用的建築，拆除破舊危房，逐步過渡，既保留歷史文脈的延續，又形成有機的整體環境。這些新四合院兼有單元式公寓樓房私密性強，和院落式住宅鄰里感強的雙重特點，他與舊的衚衕格局有機地統一起來，保護了古都風貌，是北京舊城改造的一個成功的探索。
菊兒衚衕東口，現在的3號、5號、7號和壽比衚衕6號，原是清代直隸總督榮祿的宅邸是清代直隸總督、兵部尚書榮祿的宅邸。原宅很大，分為三部分，西部是西式樓房，中為花園，東部為五進的中式四合院。此宅，解放後一部分曾作為阿富汗大使館，後又被劃為幾部分，改為職工宿舍，格局已被破壞，保護狀況較差。
好了今天得遊覽就到這裏了，希望大家對我得講解滿意。如果大家還有什麼問題或是要求清香我提出，我會以一位合格的導遊員身份為大家解決難題。
百花山國家級自然保護區，位於北京門頭溝區清水鎮境內。百花山山坡海拔1800-20xx米。 百花山山體主要由於火山噴發、剝蝕形成，山勢高峻挺拔，主峯百花山海拔1991米，最高峯百草畔海拔2050米，為北京市第三高峯。
百花山地形、地貌、地質條件複雜，有反映地質變遷的歷史遺蹟——晚更新世和全新世早期寒冷條件下形成的“古石海”、“冰緣城堡”、“冰壁巖柱”等。其環境獨特，百花爭豔，共分為四大景區：百花山主峯景區、百花草甸景區、望海樓景區、百草畔景區。 百花山文物古蹟眾多，開發歷史較早，五代後期唐李克用曾在山上建寺，山頂偏東的“護國顯光禪寺”記載了百花山悠久的宗教文化歷史。 主要景觀有 “百花草甸”、“百草山瀑布”、“萬年冰肌”、“古樹擎天”、“雲頂日出”、“古石海”、“雲海升騰”、“晚霞映翠”、“螞蟻山”、“送樹長廊”等。
百花山以花繁著稱，眾多的花卉植物成就了百花山的三季花香。位於頂峯附近的亞高山草甸，生長着40餘種草甸植物。在山頂峯以下的天然次生林和灌草叢落裏，也分佈着許多花卉植物，山桃花、山杏花、暴馬丁香、映紅杜鵑、山荊子等，各色鮮花滿山遍野、爭奇鬥妍，把整個百花山的春天裝扮的花團錦簇、色彩斑斕。 山之巔極有千佛，觀音兩峯，中有龍池，多處寺廟遺址，根於峯側山背、望海石、仙人橋、聖米石塘、大悲崖、千佛崖、萬年冰諸景觀，點綴成境趣佳處。百花山具有“秀逸、雄奇、幽深、瑰麗、狂狷”的特點。 遊百花山，偶見“佛光”。
百花山的“佛光”一般出現在雷雨之後，東側山澗會產生“佛光”現象。因地處顯光寺，寺內又有文殊殿，故稱文殊智光。有人認為，見到文殊光，就受到了文殊智光的普照，得到佛門的恩惠，增長睿智，遊人在百花山就可以領受佛光之美。
陶然亭是清代名亭，現為中國的四大歷史名亭之一。
清康熙三十四年(1695年)，工部郎中江藻奉命監理黑窯廠，他在慈悲庵西部構築了一座小亭，並取白居易詩“更待菊黃家釀熟，與君一醉一陶然”句中的“陶然”二字為亭命名。陶然亭公園以及陶然亭地區名稱就是以此得名的。這座小亭頗受文人墨客的青睞，被譽為“周侯藉卉之所，右軍修禊之地”，更被全國各地來京的文人視為必遊之地。清代200餘年間，此亭享譽經久，長盛不衰，成為都中一勝。 陶然亭面闊三間，進深一間半，面積90平方米。亭上有蘇式彩繪，屋內樑棟飾有山水花鳥彩畫。兩根大梁上繪《彩菊》、《八仙過海》、《太白醉酒》、《劉海戲金蟾》，亭上有三大匾，一是建亭人江藻親筆提寫，一是取齊白石《西江月·重上陶然亭望西山》詞，還有一塊是郭沫若題“陶然亭公園”門額中字，東向門柱上懸“似聞陶令開三徑，來與彌陀共一龕”。此聯是林則徐書寫。舊聯無存，現在的楹聯是由當代書法家黃苗子重書。亭間分別懸掛“慧眼光中，開半畝紅蓮碧沼，煙花象外，坐一堂白月清風”。現在對聯是現代書法家康雍書寫。“煙藏古寺無人到，榻倚深堂有月來”，此聯是翁方綱所撰，光緒年間慈悲庵的主持僧靜明請光緒皇帝的老師翁同龢重寫。
在亭的南北牆上有四方石刻，一是江藻撰寫的《陶然吟》引並跋，二是江皋撰寫的《陶然亭記》，三是譚嗣同著《城南思舊銘》並序，四是《陶然亭小集》，這是王昶寫的《邀同竹君編修陶然亭小集》，詩中的竹君即朱筠。此詩是王昶作於乾隆四十年左右。 陶然亭建成後，江藻常邀請一些文人墨客、同僚好友到陶然亭上飲宴、賦詩，這裏變成了文人墨客“紅塵中清淨世界也”。故陶然亭是文人雅集的地方，因此留下的詩文很多，秋瑾、龔自珍等都曾在陶然亭上留下的詩文。
陶然亭、慈悲庵三面臨湖，東與中央島攬翠亭對景，北與窯台隔湖相望，西與精巧的雲繪樓、清音閣相望。湖面輕舟盪漾，蓮花朵朵，微風拂面，令人神情陶然。
陶然亭周圍，有許多著名的歷史勝蹟。西北有龍樹寺，寺內有蒹葭簃、天倪閣、看山樓、抱冰堂等建築，名流常於此遊憩，其知名度在清道光之後，堪與陶然亭相匹。東南有黑龍潭、龍王亭、哪吒廟、刺梅園、祖園;西南有風氏園;正北有窯台;東北有香冢、鸚鵡冢，以及近代的醉郭墓、賽金花墓等。這些歷史勝蹟產生年代多早於陶然亭，有的甚至早於慈悲庵。它們都有文人墨客觴詠的歷史，曾現過各領風騷的輝煌時期。
近代的陶然亭，有着光輝的歷史篇章。“五·四”運動前後，中國共產黨的創始人和領導人李大釗、毛澤東、周恩來曾先後來陶然亭進行革命活動。1920xx年1月18日，毛澤東與“輔社”在京成員，集會商討驅逐湖南軍閥張敬堯的鬥爭，會後在慈悲庵山門外大槐樹前合影留念。1920xx年8月16日，天津“覺悟社”、北京“少年中國學會”等進步團體，在北廳討論“五·四”以後革命鬥爭的方向以及各團體聯合鬥爭的問題。1920xx年7、8月間，李大釗通過《少年中國學會》會員陳愚生，以其夫人金綺新葬於陶然亭畔守夫人墓為名，租賃慈悲庵南房兩間，在此進行祕密活動，到1920xx年間，鄧中夏、惲代英、高君宇等常來參加會議。 陶然亭也曾經是高君宇與石評梅愛情的見證者，兩人後來合葬於此，“冰雪情誼”流傳至今!
大家好，我是你們的導遊，我姓張，你們叫我張導就行了。我們要去的地方就是聞名天下的建築—頤和園。
大家請隨我來，此刻我們繞過大殿，我們站的地方就是赫赫有名的長廊。橫檻上有許許多多的畫。畫有鳥獸蟲魚、花草樹木、景物，當然還有我們人類。你們相信嗎一萬多幅畫，沒有哪兩幅是相同的。橫檻上還畫着許多故事。
走完長廊，我們就來到萬壽山的腳下。抬頭一看，一座八角寶塔形的三層建築聳立在半山腰上。一排排金碧輝煌的宮殿，就是排雲殿。
大家往前看，看那一片湖，那就是昆明湖。這篇湖靜的相面鏡子，綠的像塊碧玉。大家就應能夠聽到遊船上的那些遊客的歡聲笑語
在昆明湖的上面，就是萬壽山。站在那裏，我們能夠看見頤和園的所有景色。
大家快快跟我來看看這美麗的石橋，這個石橋有十七個洞，中間的最大。這橋叫十七孔橋。而且上面都雕刻這栩栩如上，姿態不一，活靈活現的小獅子，這些小獅子，沒有那兩隻的姿態是相同的。
頤和園到處都有美麗的景色。但是這天的旅遊到此結束，期望大家能夠下次再來，我隨時願意在當大家的導遊。
各位遊客大家好，今日就由我來帶領咱們一起旅遊這個清代的皇家園林——頤和園。希望大家在這裏度過一段美好的時光。
我們現在前往的是頤和園，運用這一段時間，我向大家簡略的介紹一下頤和園的歷史以及現在的情況。
最早在遼金年代的時期，皇帝就已經開始在北京修建皇家園林了。當時在今日的萬壽山昆明湖一帶修建了金山行宮，將這兒稱為金山、金山泊。到了元朝，有將這改名為翁山、翁山泊。而明代前期則改稱西湖並修建了園靜寺，命名為好山園。到了萬曆十六年，也即是1588年，這兒已經具有一定的園林規劃，享有“十里青山行畫裏，雙飛白鳥似江南”的稱讚。可是讓這兒真實變成一處皇家園林的是清代。在康熙年間就曾在此修建行宮，到了乾隆十四年到二十九年，也即是1749~1764年，就在本來的基礎上修建了清漪園，擴湖，推山，將湖稱為昆明湖，山叫做萬壽山。並且這兒還成了聞名的三山五園之一。和中國古代的大多數皇家修建相同，這兒也沒能躲過侵略者的蹂躪，在1860年，這兒被英法聯軍搶掠並且焚燬了。過了一些年，慈禧太后挪用了水兵經費對這兒進行了重建，並且光緒皇帝下昭將這兒改名為頤和園。可是在1920_年的時，頤和園又再次遭到了八國聯軍(俄英法德意日美奧)的嚴重損壞。從此之後對這兒所進行的重修，由於財力缺乏，至今後山有些長時間都沒有修正。到了1920_年，按照清史的優待條件，頤和園仍然把握在遜帝溥儀手中。過了兩年，這兒曾作為他的私家產業一度敞開，可是由於交通不便票價貴重等緣由，沒什麼人來。在1920_年溥儀被逐出頤和園後，北洋政府將這兒正式改為對外敞開的公園。1948年12月，人民政府承受這兒後，經過綜合治理，仍然堅持着其皇家園林的相貌。並且這兒還變成了世界上造景豐厚、修建會集、保管最完好的皇家園林。
咱們一行所看到的頤和園共佔地290公頃，其間陸地四分之一，水面到達了四分之三。依據皇家園林建園的用途和特徵，可將頤和園景區分為政治活動區，帝后日子區和風景旅遊區三個。
來到了東宮門，咱們本次的旅遊也就正式開端了。
在東宮門外，有一座“涵虛”、“罨秀”的牌樓。其間涵虛的意思是六合開闊，山明水秀，一應俱全。罨(yǎn)秀是有捕捉秀麗風景之意。而東宮門也是頤和園的正門。門上高懸的頤和園的匾額即是光緒皇帝的手書。頤和二字則取頤養精神、心境平緩的意思。
進入東宮門，咱們首先來到的即是頤和園的政治活動區。南側對稱擺放着南北九卿房，是清朝九卿六部值勤的地方。在往前走，便來到了仁壽門，迎面看到的這五塊太湖石叫作峯虛五老，寓意長命。而在漢白玉須彌座上的這隻銅製怪獸，人稱麒麟，俗稱四不象，是龍九子之一，標誌吉利富有。在殿前還擺設有兩對龍鳳外型的銅香爐，在朝裏活動中是用來點香，烘托氣氛的。按古代禮制，龍居中，標誌皇帝，鳳在兩邊，標誌皇后。而在這兒，卻是龍在兩邊，這與清朝末年慈禧太后垂簾聽政不無關係，突出了鳳的位置。
咱們面前這座雄偉的建築即是仁壽殿。其實在乾隆年間的時候，規則但凡當朝的大殿就要叫做“勤政殿”，意思是遊園不要忘了勤理政務。到了頤和園的時，便將這兒改為仁壽殿，取自孔子論語中的“仁者壽”，意思是施仁政的人能夠長命。如今，仁壽殿的擺設和原狀是基本相同的。殿內的地平牀上有九龍寶座。它後邊還設有紫檀木九龍屏風，屏風以紫檀木為佈局，雕有九條鬧龍，中間是玻璃鏡，鏡面上寫有226個不一樣寫法的壽字。在寶座鄰近，還設有掌扇，角端等。其間角端是傳説中異獸，實踐用途其實即是香爐。而殿內兩邊的暖閣，是慈禧光緒還有王宮大臣歇息的地方，旁邊有一幅百蝠圖的緙絲工藝品，中間還有一個慈禧親筆寫的壽字，由於蝠與福同音，所以這幅工藝品也被稱為百福捧壽。這個玻璃風景台屏是用翠鳥的茸毛粘制而成的，咱們能夠看到，這個乾隆年間的著作儘管歷經二百多年可是仍是顏色照舊。
穿過仁壽殿咱們就來到了當年光緒皇帝和慈禧太后看戲的場所——德和園，取自左傳“正人聽之以平其心，心平德和”，意思是聽了美好的曲子，就會心緒平和，到達品德崇高的境地。德和園的大戲樓是清代三大戲樓中最大的，佈局謹慎，十分的壯麗，高21米，低台寬17米，分為三層，自上而下分別是福台，祿台和壽台。在壽台地板上還有一口深井，四眼乾土井。各層地板都能夠開合。在敞開時，天井和地井交流，頂部有絞車牽引，能夠使劇中的神仙鬼怪在舞台上天入地，壽台下面的井還能夠起到聲響共識的效果，使藝人聲響愈加洪亮，水井還能夠用於扮演龍口噴水等景象。除此之外，還設有扮戲樓，共藝人化裝用的。如今咱們所看到的展現戲裝，擺設慈禧的奔馳車的地方即是其時的扮戲樓。
在戲台的對面，是頤樂殿以及東西側的廊子，這兒即是當時帝后和王宮大臣們看戲的地方。殿內正中設有金漆搪瓷百鳥朝鳳寶座，是慈禧受賀時用的，鳳為百鳥之王，把這個屏風放在頤樂殿，暗喻了慈禧太后的威望。當年王宮大臣看戲的廊房如今現已被開闢為頤和園文物展覽室，東側是慈禧太后的服飾以及日用品，西側則是製造精巧的工藝品。
在中國古代，有首詩從前寫到“山重水覆疑無路，柳暗花明又一村”。咱們如今來到的仁壽殿後的假山中，便能領會其間的意義。這兒運用了中國造園藝術中的抑景法。開始，這兒如同現在這樣沒有路能夠走了，可是跟着不斷的往前走，恍然大悟，在咱們前面有呈現了一碧千傾的昆明湖。
昆明湖本來是一個由泉流會聚而成的湖泊，叫西海，面積還沒有如今的一半大。到了乾隆年間修建園林的時，將這兒進行了改造，形成了今日的湖泊，而這兒為何叫做昆明湖呢?這是由於在距今20_多年的西漢時期，雲南滇池有個小國叫做昆明國，漢武帝為討伐那裏，在首都長安開鑿了一個仿滇池的昆明池，練習水軍。乾隆皇帝依據這個典故，將西海改為昆明湖，並仿效漢武帝在這兒演習水師，這即是昆明湖稱號的由來。而當時改建昆明湖所挖出的淤泥全都堆在了翁山，使本來的小土丘增高和拓展了不少，乾隆皇帝在為媽媽祝壽的時分，在山上園靜寺的遺址上興建了大回報延壽寺，並將翁山賜名萬壽山，取意長命。在不遠處有一個小島上種的全都是桃柳，上邊有一個亭子叫做知春亭，古人云：“竹外桃花三兩隻，春江水暖鴨先知”，每年春天來到的時分，這兒即是頤和園中最早報春的地方。
咱們看到這組建築特別、環境幽雅的四合院叫做玉瀾堂，出自晉代詩人陸機：“玉泉湧微瀾”的詩句，這兒是光緒皇帝來頤和園是寓居的地方。已經説到了這兒了，就有必要提及一下戊戌變法。愛新覺羅·載湉是清朝的第九個皇帝，也就是慈禧的侄子，光緒皇帝。同治皇帝死了之後，慈禧太后為了能夠繼續掌權，所以就讓四歲的載湉當皇帝，而她則再度垂簾聽政。到了光緒19歲親政今後，宮殿內保守派和維新派在政治上起了牴觸。1898年，維新派代表人物康有為，梁啟超，譚嗣同等人經光緒皇帝實施變法，史稱“戊戌變法”，由於這次變法運動只繼續了103天，就被以慈禧太后位代表的保守派所摧殘，所以也叫“百日維新”。變法失利後，光緒被幽禁在了南海的瀛台島上，每年慈禧來到頤和園，他也一起前來，住在玉瀾堂。為了操控光緒的一舉一動，慈禧太后命人在玉瀾堂周圍修築了不少磚牆，門口還有宦官看守，此刻的玉瀾堂如同一個與世隔絕的地方，不過到了如今，本來的磚牆現已基本拆除了，基本上恢復了曾經的相貌，玉瀾堂東西配殿內的磚牆仍然堅持本來的姿態，作為有關變法的遺址供遊人欣賞。在玉瀾堂殿內有乾隆時製造的地平牀，寶座，屏風，香幾等等，東暖閣是光緒的早餐室，西暖閣即是睡房，殿外東側是書房，西側是洗手間，澡堂以及更衣的地方。殿內的御案是紫檀木佈局，以沉香木為中間，做工十分精巧。圍屏是用兩層玻璃組成的，上邊既有中國山水畫，也有西洋的風景畫，顏料是用天然寶石研磨而成的，至今顏色仍然美麗。前層玻璃的反面畫有前景和中景，後層玻璃的正面有中景和前景，兩層之間相隔一段距離，立體感極強。而殿中“復殿留景”的匾額意思即是深宮中住着聖明之君的意思。
在玉瀾堂的後邊即是宜芸館，宜芸是適於藏書的地方。正殿即是光緒的皇后隆裕住的地方，西配殿從前是光緒寵愛的妃子珍妃的居處。在戊戌變法失利後，慈禧指令隆裕皇后住到石丈亭北西四所的榜首所，讓珍妃住到第二所，這之後，光緒皇帝想見到自個的內助都很困難了。
出了宜芸館，咱們就來到了樂壽堂。樂壽是出自《論語》中“智者樂，仁者壽”，意思是説，這兒是仁者智者寓居的地方。乾隆年間，這兒是乾隆媽媽紐鈷祿氏住的地方，光緒年間，慈禧太后就住在這兒。
經過了水木自親，就是樂壽堂的正門，咱們也就進入了院子。能夠看到在院子中擺設了許多的東西。銅鹿、銅鶴、銅花瓶，分別借鹿、鶴、瓶的諧音，取意“六合和平”，意思是天下和平。園內還栽培有玉蘭、海棠、牡丹，取意“玉堂富有”。中間的這塊太湖石，由於形狀像靈芝，所以叫做“青芝岫”。其實它還有個姓名叫做敗家石，這是由於在明朝有自己十分喜愛石頭的人叫米萬鍾，在房山看中了這塊石頭，要將它放入海淀的勺園旁邊，可是由於種.種不利因素，推託説耗盡財力，將它丟在了路旁邊，後來，乾隆皇帝從清西陵回來京城的途中看到了這塊石頭，便將它運到樂壽堂。在樂壽堂殿內有以玻璃鏡子為中間的紫檀木屏風，上邊還鑲嵌有貝雕飾物。鎦金九桃大薰爐是用來燃燒檀香的，起到調理室內空氣的效果。桌子上的兩個青花大瓷盤是清代青花瓷的代表作，用來盛放生果供慈禧欣賞和聞香氣。在殿內東西兩邊還有百鳥朝鳳，孔雀開屏兩副坐屏，都是粵繡精品。殿頂懸掛的彩色玻璃吊燈，是1920_年從德國進口的，它是中國前期的電燈之一，發電機安裝在文昌閣附近。在慈禧太后吃點心和品茶的時分，還能夠欣賞魚桌，它是以金星紫檀木坐佈局，鑲有玻璃枱面，桌子裏面還鑲嵌着用寶貴資料鏤空雕琢的山水人物和亭台樓閣，密封性傑出，能夠養金魚。殿內“慈暉懿祉”的匾額意思是：受母后之深恩，託母后之洪福。
樂壽堂的西跨院叫揚仁風，院子內的建築極具江南園林特徵。在園內北面的正中山坡上，有扇面形狀的“扇面殿”，殿前地上運用漢白玉砌成的扇骨、山軸，整座殿堂如同一把翻開的摺扇。
從這兒出來，咱們就走上了銜接萬壽山與昆明湖的長廊。它東起邀月門，西止石丈亭，全長728米，共273間。由於長廊的地基是跟着萬壽山地形凹凸而崎嶇的，所以廊身的走向是以昆明湖北岸的曲折而改變的，在地形凹凸和變向的銜接點上，還建有四個亭子代表春夏秋冬，分別是留佳、寄瀾、秋水和清遙，規劃十分的奇妙。長廊是中國園林中最長的遊廊，也有畫廊之稱。這是由於在廊中共有蘇式彩繪1.4萬多幅，並且很少重複。其間有關於西湖風景的546幅，是乾隆十五年締造長廊時，命人到杭州描摹回來畫上的。人物畫多采用了中國古典文學名著，比方《西遊記》、《三國演義》、《紅樓夢》等等，所規劃的內容時間跨度十分大，從三皇五帝到清朝，上下五千年，能夠説的上是中國文化史的一個縮影，在1920_年的時，這兒被《吉尼斯世界紀錄大全》評為全球畫廊之冠。
走出了長廊，咱們就來到了以排雲點為中間的祝壽慶典區，這兒是萬壽山前山最雄偉的一組建築，構成了萬壽山的中軸線。這條中軸線從臨湖碼頭到山頂的才智海，散佈有排雲門、排雲殿、佛香閣、眾香界、才智海等主要修建。
排雲殿建在乾隆年間大回報延壽寺中大雄寶殿的遺址上，是慈禧太后過生日時承受百官朝賀的地方。排雲出自晉代詩人郭璞“神仙排雲出，但見金銀台”的詩句。在殿內，除了寶座，屏風等慣例擺設以外，還有一些烘托氣氛的特別擺設，比方用中國台灣烏木雕琢的屏風，沉香木雕琢的壽字，圓鏡插屏，金漆梅花樹船和樺木根雕羣仙祝壽。在祝壽的時候，二品以上的官員跪拜在排雲門內，而三品以下者則在門外，光緒皇帝在二宮門正中跪拜，慈禧則坐在正殿內的九龍寶座上承受拜賀，可見慈禧太后當時位置之高。(“蕃釐經緯”的匾額意思是美好無邊)
佛香閣、眾香界和才智海是乾隆年間大回報延壽寺的一部分。
佛香閣建於乾隆二十三年，也就是1758年，在光緒十七年的時候重建，耗費了銀兩78萬多兩，是頤和園旁邊花費最多的工程。它是全園建築的中間，以8根鐵梨木為支柱，支撐着41米高的三層，八面，四重檐的閣樓，藝術水準十分高，本來在這兒供奉有5米多高的金身佛像。
才智海在萬壽山的最高處，建於乾隆年間，稱號來自《無量壽經》中“如來才智海，身府無崖底。”意思是如來佛才智如海，佛法無邊。這兒是一座用琉璃磚瓦和石料建成的兩層無樑殿，本來供奉有無量壽佛，外壁上還嵌着1008尊小佛，儘管在1860年英法聯軍侵略的時分殿堂沒有被焚燬，可是這些佛像卻遭到了損壞。
好了，我的講解就到這了，祝大家在北京玩得開心。
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