when i was seven years old and my sister was just five years old, we wereplaying on top of a bunk bed. i was two years older than my sister at the time-- i mean, i'm two years older than her now -- but at the time it meant she hadto do everything that i wanted to do, and i wanted to play war. so we were up ontop of our bunk beds. and on one side of the bunk bed, i had put out all of myg.i. joe soldiers and weaponry. and on the other side were all my sister's mylittle ponies ready for a cavalry charge.
there are differing accounts of what actually happened that afternoon, butsince my sister is not here with us today, let me tell you the true story --(laughter) -- which is my sister's a little bit on the clumsy side. somehow,without any help or push from her older brother at all, suddenly amy disappearedoff of the top of the bunk bed and landed with this crash on the floor. now inervously peered over the side of the bed to see what had befallen my fallensister and saw that she had landed painfully on her hands and knees on all fourson the ground.
i was nervous because my parents had charged me with making sure that mysister and i played as safely and as quietly as possible. and seeing as how ihad accidentally broken amy's arm just one week before ... (laughter) ically pushing her out of the way of an oncoming imaginary sniper bullet,(laughter) for which i have yet to be thanked, i was trying as hard as i could-- she didn't even see it coming -- i was trying as hard as i could to be on mybest behavior.
and i saw my sister's face, this wail of pain and suffering and surprisethreatening to erupt from her mouth and threatening to wake my parents from thelong winter's nap for which they had settled. so i did the only thing my littlefrantic seven year-old brain could think to do to avert this tragedy. and if youhave children, you've seen this hundreds of times before. i said, "amy, amy,wait. don't cry. don't cry. did you see how you landed? no human lands on allfours like that. amy, i think this means you're a unicorn."
(laughter)
now that was cheating, because there was nothing in the world my sisterwould want more than not to be amy the hurt five year-old little sister, but amythe special unicorn. of course, this was an option that was open to her brain atno point in the past. and you could see how my poor, manipulated sister facedconflict, as her little brain attempted to devote resources to feeling the painand suffering and surprise she just e_perienced, or contemplating her new-foundidentity as a unicorn. and the latter won out. instead of crying, instead ofceasing our play, instead of waking my parents, with all the negativeconsequences that would have ensued for me, instead a smile spread across herface and she scrambled right back up onto the bunk bed with all the grace of ababy unicorn ... (laughter) ... with one broken leg.
what we stumbled across at this tender age of just five and seven -- we hadno idea at the time -- was something that was going be at the vanguard of ascientific revolution occurring two decades later in the way that we look at thehuman brain. what we had stumbled across is something called positivepsychology, which is the reason that i'm here today and the reason that i wakeup every morning.
when i first started talking about this research outside of academia, outwith companies and schools, the very first thing they said to never do is tostart your talk with a graph. the very first thing i want to do is start my talkwith a graph. this graph looks boring, but this graph is the reason i gete_cited and wake up every morning. and this graph doesn't even mean anything;it's fake data. what we found is --
(laughter)
if i got this data back studying you here in the room, i would be thrilled,because there's very clearly a trend that's going on there, and that means thati can get published, which is all that really matters. the fact that there's oneweird red dot that's up above the curve, there's one weirdo in the room -- iknow who you are, i saw you earlier -- that's no problem. that's no problem, asmost of you know, because i can just delete that dot. i can delete that dotbecause that's clearly a measurement error. and we know that's a measurementerror because it's messing up my data.
so one of the very first things we teach people in economics and statisticsand business and psychology courses is how, in a statistically valid way, do weeliminate the weirdos. how do we eliminate the outliers so we can find the lineof best fit? which is fantastic if i'm trying to find out how many advil theaverage person should be taking -- two. but if i'm interested in potential, ifi'm interested in your potential, or for happiness or productivity or energy orcreativity, what we're doing is we're creating the cult of the average withscience.
if i asked a question like, "how fast can a child learn how to read in aclassroom?" scientists change the answer to "how fast does the average childlearn how to read in that classroom?" and then we tailor the class right towardsthe average. now if you fall below the average on this curve, then psychologistsget thrilled, because that means you're either depressed or you have a disorder,or hopefully both. we're hoping for both because our business model is, if youcome into a therapy session with one problem, we want to make sure you leaveknowing you have 10, so you keep coming back over and over again. we'll go backinto your childhood if necessary, but eventually what we want to do is make younormal again. but normal is merely average.
and what i posit and what positive psychology posits is that if we studywhat is merely average, we will remain merely average. then instead of deletingthose positive outliers, what i intentionally do is come into a population likethis one and say, why? why is it that some of you are so high above the curve interms of your intellectual ability, athletic ability, musical ability,creativity, energy levels, your resiliency in the face of challenge, your senseof humor? whatever it is, instead of deleting you, what i want to do is studyyou. because maybe we can glean information -- not just how to move people up tothe average, but how we can move the entire average up in our companies andschools worldwide.
the reason this graph is important to me is, when i turn on the news, itseems like the majority of the information is not positive, in fact it'snegative. most of it's about murder, corruption, diseases, natural very quickly, my brain starts to think that's the accurate ratio of negativeto positive in the world. what that's doing is creating something called themedical school syndrome -- which, if you know people who've been to medicalschool, during the first year of medical training, as you read through a list ofall the symptoms and diseases that could happen, suddenly you realize you haveall of them.
i have a brother in-law named bobo -- which is a whole other story. bobomarried amy the unicorn. bobo called me on the phone from yale medical school,and bobo said, "shawn, i have leprosy." (laughter) which, even at yale, ise_traordinarily rare. but i had no idea how to console poor bobo because he hadjust gotten over an entire week of menopause.
(laughter)
see what we're finding is it's not necessarily the reality that shapes us,but the lens through which your brain views the world that shapes your if we can change the lens, not only can we change your happiness, we canchange every single educational and business outcome at the same time.
when i applied to harvard, i applied on a dare. i didn't e_pect to get in,and my family had no money for college. when i got a military scholarship twoweeks later, they allowed me to go. suddenly, something that wasn't even apossibility became a reality. when i went there, i assumed everyone else wouldsee it as a privilege as well, that they'd be e_cited to be there. even ifyou're in a classroom full of people smarter than you, you'd be happy just to bein that classroom, which is what i felt. but what i found there is, while somepeople e_perience that, when i graduated after my four years and then spent thene_t eight years living in the dorms with the students -- harvard asked me to; iwasn't that guy. (laughter) i was an officer of harvard to counsel studentsthrough the difficult four years. and what i found in my research and myteaching is that these students, no matter how happy they were with theiroriginal success of getting into the school, two weeks later their brains werefocused, not on the privilege of being there, nor on their philosophy or theirphysics. their brain was focused on the competition, the workload, the hassles,the stresses, the complaints.
when i first went in there, i walked into the freshmen dining hall, whichis where my friends from waco, te_as, which is where i grew up -- i know some ofyou have heard of it. when they'd come to visit me, they'd look around, they'dsay, "this freshman dining hall looks like something out of hogwart's from themovie "harry potter," which it does. this is hogwart's from the movie "harrypotter" and that's harvard. and when they see this, they say, "shawn, why do youwaste your time studying happiness at harvard? seriously, what does a harvardstudent possibly have to be unhappy about?"
embedded within that question is the key to understanding the science ofhappiness. because what that question assumes is that our e_ternal world ispredictive of our happiness levels, when in reality, if i know everything aboutyour e_ternal world, i can only predict 10 percent of your long-term happiness.90 percent of your long-term happiness is predicted not by the e_ternal world,but by the way your brain processes the world. and if we change it, if we changeour formula for happiness and success, what we can do is change the way that wecan then affect reality. what we found is that only 25 percent of job successesare predicted by i.q. 75 percent of job successes are predicted by your optimismlevels, your social support and your ability to see stress as a challengeinstead of as a threat.
i talked to a boarding school up in new england, probably the mostprestigious boarding school, and they said, "we already know that. so everyyear, instead of just teaching our students, we also have a wellness week. andwe're so e_cited. monday night we have the world's leading e_pert coming in tospeak about adolescent depression. tuesday night it's school violence andbullying. wednesday night is eating disorders. thursday night is elicit druguse. and friday night we're trying to decide between risky se_ or happiness."(laughter) i said, "that's most people's friday nights." (laughter) (applause)which i'm glad you liked, but they did not like that at all. silence on thephone. and into the silence, i said, "i'd be happy to speak at your school, butjust so you know, that's not a wellness week, that's a sickness week. whatyou've done is you've outlined all the negative things that can happen, but nottalked about the positive."
the absence of disease is not health. here's how we get to health: we needto reverse the formula for happiness and success. in the last three years, i'vetraveled to 45 different countries, working with schools and companies in themidst of an economic downturn. and what i found is that most companies andschools follow a formula for success, which is this: if i work harder, i'll bemore successful. and if i'm more successful, then i'll be happier. thatundergirds most of our parenting styles, our managing styles, the way that wemotivate our behavior.
and the problem is it's scientifically broken and backwards for tworeasons. first, every time your brain has a success, you just changed thegoalpost of what success looked like. you got good grades, now you have to getbetter grades, you got into a good school and after you get into a betterschool, you got a good job, now you have to get a better job, you hit your salestarget, we're going to change your sales target. and if happiness is on theopposite side of success, your brain never gets there. what we've done is we'vepushed happiness over the cognitive horizon as a society. and that's because wethink we have to be successful, then we'll be happier.
but the real problem is our brains work in the opposite order. if you canraise somebody's level of positivity in the present, then their braine_periences what we now call a happiness advantage, which is your brain atpositive performs significantly better than it does at negative, neutral orstressed. your intelligence rises, your creativity rises, your energy levelsrise. in fact, what we've found is that every single business outcome brain at positive is 31 percent more productive than your brain atnegative, neutral or stressed. you're 37 percent better at sales. doctors are 19percent faster, more accurate at coming up with the correct diagnosis whenpositive instead of negative, neutral or stressed. which means we can reversethe formula. if we can find a way of becoming positive in the present, then ourbrains work even more successfully as we're able to work harder, faster and moreintelligently.
what we need to be able to do is to reverse this formula so we can start tosee what our brains are actually capable of. because dopamine, which floods intoyour system when you're positive, has two functions. not only does it make youhappier, it turns on all of the learning centers in your brain allowing you toadapt to the world in a different way.
we've found that there are ways that you can train your brain to be able tobecome more positive. in just a two-minute span of time done for 21 days in arow, we can actually rewire your brain, allowing your brain to actually workmore optimistically and more successfully. we've done these things in researchnow in every single company that i've worked with, getting them to write downthree new things that they're grateful for for 21 days in a row, three newthings each day. and at the end of that, their brain starts to retain a patternof scanning the world, not for the negative, but for the positive first.
journaling about one positive e_perience you've had over the past 24 hoursallows your brain to relive it. e_ercise teaches your brain that your behaviormatters. we find that meditation allows your brain to get over the cultural adhdthat we've been creating by trying to do multiple tasks at once and allows ourbrains to focus on the task at hand. and finally, random acts of kindness areconscious acts of kindness. we get people, when they open up their inbo_, towrite one positive email praising or thanking somebody in their social supportnetwork.
and by doing these activities and by training your brain just like we trainour bodies, what we've found is we can reverse the formula for happiness andsuccess, and in doing so, not only create ripples of positivity, but create areal revolution.
thank you very much.
(applause)
擁抱他人，擁抱自己
embracing otherness. when i first heard this theme, i thought, well,embracing otherness is embracing myself. and the journey to that place ofunderstanding and acceptance has been an interesting one for me, and it's givenme an insight into the whole notion of self, which i think is worth sharing withyou today.
擁抱他類。當我第一次聽說這個主題時，我心想，擁抱他類不就是擁抱自己嗎。我個人懂得理解和接受他類的經歷很有趣，讓我對於“自己”這個詞也有了新的認識，我想今天在這裡和你們分享下我的心得體會。
we each have a self, but i don't think that we're born with one. you knowhow newborn babies believe they're part of everything; they're not separate?well that fundamental sense of oneness is lost on us very quickly. it's likethat initial stage is over -- oneness: infancy, unformed, primitive. it's nolonger valid or real. what is real is separateness, and at some point in earlybabyhood, the idea of self starts to form. our little portion of oneness isgiven a name, is told all kinds of things about itself, and these details,opinions and ideas become facts, which go towards building ourselves, ouridentity. and that self becomes the vehicle for navigating our social world. butthe self is a projection based on other people's projections. is it who wereally are? or who we really want to be, or should be?
我們每個人都有個自我，但並不是生來就如此的。你知道新生的寶寶們覺得他們是任何東西的一部分，而不是分裂的個體。這種本源上的“天人合一”感在我們出生後很快就不見了，就好像我們人生的第一個篇章--和諧統一：嬰兒，未成形，原始--結束了。它們似幻似影，而現實的世界是孤獨彼此分離的。而在孩童期的某段時間，我們開始形成自我這個觀點。宇宙中的小小個體有了自己的名字，有了自己的過去等等各種資訊。這些關於自己的細節，看法和觀點慢慢變成事實，成為我們身份的一部分。而那個自我，也變成我們人生路上前行的導航儀。然後，這個所謂的自我，是他人自我的對映，還是我們真實的自己呢?我們究竟想成為什麼樣，應該成為什麼樣的呢?
so this whole interaction with self and identity was a very difficult onefor me growing up. the self that i attempted to take out into the world wasrejected over and over again. and my panic at not having a self that fit, andthe confusion that came from my self being rejected, created an_iety, shame andhopelessness, which kind of defined me for a long time. but in retrospect, thedestruction of my self was so repetitive that i started to see a pattern. theself changed, got affected, broken, destroyed, but another one would evolve --sometimes stronger, sometimes hateful, sometimes not wanting to be there at self was not constant. and how many times would my self have to die before irealized that it was never alive in the first place?
這個和自我打交道，尋找自己身份的過程在我的成長記憶中一點都不容易。我想成為的那些“自我”不斷被否定再否定，而我害怕自己無法融入周遭的環境，因被否定而引起的困惑讓我變得更加憂慮，感到羞恥和無望，在很長一段時間就是我存在狀態。然而回頭看，對自我的解構是那麼頻繁，以至於我發現了這樣一種規律。自我是變化的，受他人影響，分裂或被打敗，而另一個自我會產生，這個自我可能更堅強，可能更可憎，有時你也不想變成那樣。所謂自我不是固定不變的。而我需要經歷多少次自我的破碎重生才會明白其實自我從來沒有存在過?
i grew up on the coast of england in the '70s. my dad is white fromcornwall, and my mom is black from zimbabwe. even the idea of us as a family waschallenging to most people. but nature had its wicked way, and brown babies wereborn. but from about the age of five, i was aware that i didn't fit. i was theblack atheist kid in the all-white catholic school run by nuns. i was ananomaly, and my self was rooting around for definition and trying to plug use the self likes to fit, to see itself replicated, to belong. thatconfirms its e_istence and its importance. and it is important. it has ane_tremely important function. without it, we literally can't interface withothers. we can't hatch plans and climb that stairway of popularity, of my skin color wasn't right. my hair wasn't right. my history wasn't self became defined by otherness, which meant that, in that social world, ididn't really e_ist. and i was "other" before being anything else -- even beforebeing a girl. i was a noticeable nobody.
我在70年代英格蘭海邊長大，我的父親是康沃爾的白人，母親是辛巴威的黑人。而想象我和父母是一家人對於其他人來說總是不太自然。自然有它自己的魔術，棕色面板的寶寶誕生了。但從我五歲開始，我就有種感覺我不是這個群體的。我是一個全白人天主教會學校裡面黑面板無神論小孩。我與他人是不同的，而那個熱衷於歸屬的自我卻到處尋找方式尋找歸屬感。這種認同感讓自我感受到存在感和重要性，因此十分重要。這點是如此重要，如果沒有自我，我們根本無法與他人溝通。沒有它，我們無所適從，無法獲取成功或變得受人歡迎。但我的膚色不對，我的頭髮不對，我的過去不對，我的一切都是另類定義的，在這個社會裡，我其實並不真實存在。我首先是個異類，其次才是個女孩。我是可見卻毫無意義的人。
another world was opening up around this time: performance and nagging dread of self-hood didn't e_ist when i was dancing. i'd literallylose myself. and i was a really good dancer. i would put all my emotionale_pression into my dancing. i could be in the movement in a way that i wasn'table to be in my real life, in myself.
這時候，另一個世界向我敞開了大門：舞蹈表演。那種關於自我的嘮叨恐懼在舞蹈時消失了，我放開四肢，也成為了一位不錯的舞者。我將所有的情緒都融入到舞蹈的動作中去，我可以在舞蹈中與自己相溶，儘管在現實生活中卻無法做到。
and at 16, i stumbled across another opportunity, and i earned my firstacting role in a film. i can hardly find the words to describe the peace i feltwhen i was acting. my dysfunctional self could actually plug in to another self,not my own, and it felt so good. it was the first time that i e_isted inside afully-functioning self -- one that i controlled, that i steered, that i gavelife to. but the shooting day would end, and i'd return to my gnarly, awkwardself.
16歲的時候，我遇到了另一個機會，第一部參演的電影。我無法用語言來表達在演戲的時候我所感受到的平和，我無處著落的自我可以與那個角色融為一體，而不是我自己。那感覺真棒。這是第一次我感覺到我擁有一個自我，我可以駕馭，令其富有盛名的自我。然而當拍攝結束，我又會回到自己粗糙不明，笨拙的自我。
by 19, i was a fully-fledged movie actor, but still searching fordefinition. i applied to read anthropology at university. dr. phyllis lee gaveme my interview, and she asked me, "how would you define race?" well, i thoughti had the answer to that one, and i said, "skin color." "so biology, genetics?"she said. "because, thandie, that's not accurate. because there's actually moregenetic difference between a black kenyan and a black ugandan than there isbetween a black kenyan and, say, a white norwegian. because we all stem fromafrica. so in africa, there's been more time to create genetic diversity." inother words, race has no basis in biological or scientific fact. on the onehand, result. right? on the other hand, my definition of self just lost a hugechunk of its credibility. but what was credible, what is biological andscientific fact, is that we all stem from africa -- in fact, from a woman calledmitochondrial eve who lived 160,000 years ago. and race is an illegitimateconcept which our selves have created based on fear and ignorance.
19歲的時候，我已經是富有經驗的專業電影演員，而我還是在尋找自我的定義。我申請了大學的人類學專業。phyllislee博士面試了我，她問我：“你怎麼定義種族?”我覺得我很瞭解這個話題，我說：“膚色。”“那麼生物上來說呢，例如遺傳基因?”她說，“thandie膚色並不全面，其實一個肯亞黑人和烏干達黑人之間基因差異比一個肯亞黑人和挪威白人之間差異要更多。因為我們都是從非洲來的，所以在非洲，基因變異演化的時間是最久的。”換句話說，種族在生物學或任何科學上都沒有事實根據。另一方面，我對於自我的定義瞬時失去了一大片基礎。但那就是生物學事實，我們都是非洲後裔，一位在160 0__年前的偉大女性mitochondrialeve的後人。而種族這個無效的概念是我們基於恐懼和無知自己捏造出來的。
strangely, these revelations didn't cure my low self-esteem, that feelingof otherness. my desire to disappear was still very powerful. i had a degreefrom cambridge; i had a thriving career, but my self was a car crash, and iwound up with bulimia and on a therapist's couch. and of course i did. i stillbelieved my self was all i was. i still valued self-worth above all other worth,and what was there to suggest otherwise? we've created entire value systems anda physical reality to support the worth of self. look at the industry forself-image and the jobs it creates, the revenue it turns over. we'd be right inassuming that the self is an actual living thing. but it's not. it's aprojection which our clever brains create in order to cheat ourselves from thereality of death.
奇怪的是，這個發現並沒有治好我的自卑，那種被排擠的感覺。我還是那麼強烈地想要離開消失。我從劍橋拿到了學位，我有份充滿發展的工作，然而我的自我還是一團糟，我得了催吐病不得不接受治療師的幫助。我還是相信自我是我的全部。我還是堅信“自我”的價值甚過一切。而且我們身處的世界就是如此，我們的整個價值系統和現實環境都是在服務“自我”的價值。看看不同行業裡面對於自我的塑造，看看它們創造的那些工作，產出的那些利潤。我們甚至必須相信自我是真實存在的。但它們不是，自我不過是我們聰明的腦袋假想出來騙自己不去思考死亡這個話題的幌子。
but there is something that can give the self ultimate and infiniteconnection -- and that thing is oneness, our essence. the self's struggle forauthenticity and definition will never end unless it's connected to its creator-- to you and to me. and that can happen with awareness -- awareness of thereality of oneness and the projection of self-hood. for a start, we can thinkabout all the times when we do lose ourselves. it happens when i dance, when i'macting. i'm earthed in my essence, and my self is suspended. in those moments,i'm connected to everything -- the ground, the air, the sounds, the energy fromthe audience. all my senses are alert and alive in much the same way as aninfant might feel -- that feeling of oneness.
但其實我們的終極自我其實是我們的本源，合一。掙扎自我是否真實，究竟是什麼永遠沒有終結，除非它和賦予它意義的創造者合一，就是你和我。而這點當我們意識到現實是你中有我，我中有你，和諧統一，而自我是種假象時就會體會到了。我們可以想想，什麼時候我們是身心統一的，例如說我跳舞，表演的時候，我和我的本源連結，而我的自我被拋在一邊。那時，我和身邊的一切--空氣，大地，聲音，觀眾的反饋都連結在一起。我的知覺是敏銳和鮮活的，就像初生的嬰兒那樣，合一。
and when i'm acting a role, i inhabit another self, and i give it life forawhile, because when the self is suspended so is divisiveness and judgment. andi've played everything from a vengeful ghost in the time of slavery to secretaryof state in __. and no matter how other these selves might be, they're allrelated in me. and i honestly believe the key to my success as an actor and myprogress as a person has been the very lack of self that used to make me feel soan_ious and insecure. i always wondered why i could feel others' pain so deeply,why i could recognize the somebody in the nobody. it's because i didn't have aself to get in the way. i thought i lacked substance, and the fact that i couldfeel others' meant that i had nothing of myself to feel. the thing that was asource of shame was actually a source of enlightenment.
當我在演戲的時候，我讓另一個自我住在我體內，我代表它行動。當我的自我被拋開，緊隨的分歧和主觀判斷也消失了。我曾經扮演過奴隸時代的復仇鬼魂，也扮演過__年的國務卿。不管他們這些自我是怎樣的，他們都在那時與我相連。而我也深信作為演員，我的成功，或是作為個體，我的成長都是源於我缺乏“自我”，那種缺乏曾經讓我非常憂慮和不安。我總是不明白為什麼我會那麼深地感受到他人的痛苦，為什麼我可以從不知名的人身上看出他人的印痕。是因為我沒有所謂的自我來左右我感受的資訊吧。我以為我缺少些什麼，我以為我對他人的理解是因為我缺乏自我。那個曾經是我深感羞恥的東西其實是種啟示。
and when i realized and really understood that my self is a projection andthat it has a function, a funny thing happened. i stopped giving it so muchauthority. i give it its due. i take it to therapy. i've become very familiarwith its dysfunctional behavior. but i'm not ashamed of my self. in fact, irespect my self and its function. and over time and with practice, i've tried tolive more and more from my essence. and if you can do that, incredible thingshappen.
當我真的理解我的自我不過是種對映，是種工具，一件奇怪的事情發生了。我不再讓它過多控制我的生活。我學習管理它，像把它帶去看醫生一樣，我很熟悉那些因自我而失調的舉動。我不因自我而羞恥，事實上，我很尊敬我的自我和它的功能。而隨著時間過去，我的技術也更加熟練，我可以更多的和我的本源共存。如果你願意嘗試，不可以思議的事情也會發生在你身上。
i was in congo in february, dancing and celebrating with women who'vesurvived the destruction of their selves in literally unthinkable ways --destroyed because other brutalized, psychopathic selves all over that beautifulland are fueling our selves' addiction to ipods, pads, and bling, which furtherdisconnect ourselves from ever feeling their pain, their suffering, their use, hey, if we're all living in ourselves and mistaking it for life, thenwe're devaluing and desensitizing life. and in that disconnected state, yeah, wecan build factory farms with no windows, destroy marine life and use rape as aweapon of war. so here's a note to self: the cracks have started to show in ourconstructed world, and oceans will continue to surge through the cracks, and oiland blood, rivers of it.
今年二月，我在剛果和一群女性一起跳舞和慶祝，她們都是經歷過各種無法想象事情“自我”遍體鱗傷的人們，那些備受摧殘，心理變態的自我充斥在這片美麗的土地，而我們仍痴迷地追逐著ipod，pad等各種閃亮的東西，將我們與他們的痛苦，死亡隔得更遠。如果我們各自生活在自我中，並無以為這就是生活，那麼我們是在貶低和遠離生命的意義。在這種脫節的狀態中，我們是可以建設沒有窗戶的工廠，破壞海洋生態，將__作為戰爭的工具。為我們的自我做個解釋：這是看似完善的世界裡的裂痕，海洋，河流，石油和鮮血正不斷地從縫中湧出。
crucially, we haven't been figuring out how to live in oneness with theearth and every other living thing. we've just been insanely trying to figureout how to live with each other -- billions of each other. only we're not livingwith each other; our crazy selves are living with each other and perpetuating anepidemic of disconnection.
關鍵的是，我們還沒有明白如何和自然以及其他所有生物和諧地共處。我們只是瘋狂地想和其他人溝通，幾十億其他人。只有當我們不在和世界合一的時候，我們瘋狂的自我卻互相憐惜，並永遠繼續這場相互隔絕的疫症。
let's live with each other and take it a breath at a time. if we can getunder that heavy self, light a torch of awareness, and find our essence, ourconnection to the infinite and every other living thing. we knew it from the daywe were born. let's not be freaked out by our bountiful nothingness. it's more areality than the ones our selves have created. imagine what kind of e_istence wecan have if we honor inevitable death of self, appreciate the privilege of lifeand marvel at what comes ne_t. simple awareness is where it begins.
讓我們共生共榮，並不要太過激進著急。試著放下沉重的自我，點亮知覺的火把，尋找我們的本源，我們與萬事萬物之間的聯絡。我們初生時就懂得這個道理的。不要被我們內心豐富的空白嚇到，這比我們虛構的自我要真實。想象如果你能接受自我並不存在，你想要如何生活，感恩生命的可貴和未來的驚奇。簡單的覺醒就是開始。
thank you for listening.
(applause) 謝謝。
when i was nine years old i went off to summer camp for the first time. andmy mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like aperfectly natural thing to do. because in my family, reading was the primarygroup activity. and this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was reallyjust a different way of being social. you have the animal warmth of your familysitting right ne_t to you, but you are also free to go roaming around theadventureland inside your own mind. and i had this idea that camp was going tobe just like this, but better. (laughter) i had a vision of 10 girls sitting ina cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
當我九歲的時候 我第一次去參加夏令營 我媽媽幫我整理好了我的行李箱 裡面塞滿了書 這對於我來說是一件極為自然的事情 因為在我的家庭裡閱讀是主要的家庭活動 聽上去你們可能覺得我們是不愛交際的 但是對於我的家庭來說這真的只是接觸社會的另一種途徑 你們有自己家庭接觸時的溫暖親情 家人靜坐在你身邊但是你也可以自由地漫遊 在你思維深處的冒險樂園裡我有一個想法 野營會變得像這樣子，當然要更好些 (笑聲) 我想象到十個女孩坐在一個小屋裡都穿著合身的女式睡衣愜意地享受著讀書的過程
(laughter)
(笑聲)
camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. and on the very firstday our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that shesaid we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill campspirit. and it went like this: "r-o-w-d-i-e, that's the way we spell ie, rowdie, let's get rowdie." yeah. so i couldn't figure out for the lifeof me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this wordincorrectly. (laughter) but i recited a cheer. i recited a cheer along witheverybody else. i did my best. and i just waited for the time that i could gooff and read my books.
野營這時更像是一個不提供酒水的派對聚會 在第一天的時候呢 我們的顧問把我們都集合在一起 並且她教會了我們一種今後要用到的慶祝方式在餘下夏令營的每一天中 讓“露營精神”浸潤我們 之後它就像這樣繼續著 r-o-w-d-i-e 這是我們拼寫“吵鬧"的口號我們唱著“噪音，喧鬧，我們要變得吵一點” 對，就是這樣 可我就是弄不明白我的生活會是什麼樣的 為什麼我們變得這麼吵鬧粗暴 或者為什麼我們非要把這個單詞錯誤地拼寫(笑聲) 但是我可沒有忘記慶祝。我與每個人都互相歡呼慶祝了 我盡了我最大的努力 我只是想等待那一刻 我可以離開吵鬧的聚會去捧起我摯愛的書
but the first time that i took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girlin the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "why are you being so mellow?" --mellow, of course, being the e_act opposite of r-o-w-d-i-e. and then the secondtime i tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned e_pression on herface and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all workvery hard to be outgoing.
但是當我第一次把書從行李箱中拿出來的時候 床鋪中最酷的那個女孩向我走了過來 並且她問我：“為什麼你要這麼安靜?”安靜，當然，是r-o-w-d-i-e的反義詞 “喧鬧”的反義詞 而當我第二次拿書的時候 我們的顧問滿臉憂慮的向我走了過來接著她重複了關於“露營精神”的要點並且說我們都應當努力 去變得外向些
and so i put my books away, back in their suitcase, and i put them under mybed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. and i felt kind of guiltyabout this. i felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling outto me and i was forsaking i did forsake them and i didn't open thatsuitcase again until i was back home with my family at the end of thesummer.
於是我放好我的書 放回了屬於它們的行李箱中 並且我把它們放到了床底下 在那裡它們度過了暑假餘下的每一天 我對這樣做感到很愧疚不知為什麼我感覺這些書是需要我的 它們在呼喚我，但是我卻放棄了它們 我確實放下了它們，並且我再也沒有開啟那個箱子 直到我和我的家人一起回到家中在夏末的時候
now, i tell you this story about summer camp. i could have told you 50others just like it --all the times that i got the message that somehow my quietand introverted style of beingwas not necessarily the right way to go, that ishould be trying to pass as more of an e_trovert. and i always sensed deep downthat this was wrong and that introverts were pretty e_cellent just as they for years i denied this intuition, and so i became a wall street lawyer, ofall things, instead of the writer that i had always longed to be -- partlybecause i needed to prove to myself that i could be bold and assertive too. andi was always going off to crowded bars when i really would have preferred tojust have a nice dinner with friends. and i made these self-negating choices sorefle_ively, that i wasn't even aware that i was making them.
現在，我向你們講述這個夏令營的故事 我完全可以給你們講出其他50種版本就像這個一樣的故事-- 每當我感覺到這樣的時候它告訴我出於某種原因，我的寧靜和內向的風格 並不是正確道路上的必需品 我應該更多地嘗試一個外向者的角色而在我內心深處感覺得到，這是錯誤的內向的人們都是非常優秀的，確實是這樣 但是許多年來我都否認了這種直覺 於是我首先成為了華爾街的一名律師而不是我長久以來想要成為的一名作家 一部分原因是因為我想要證明自己 也可以變得勇敢而堅定 並且我總是去那些擁擠的酒吧 當我只是想要和朋友們吃一頓愉快的晚餐時我做出了這些自我否認的抉擇 如條件反射一般 甚至我都不清楚我做出了這些決定
now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it isalso our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. and at the risk of soundinggrandiose, it is the world's loss. because when it comes to creativity and toleadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. a third to a half of thepopulation are introverts -- a third to a half. so that's one out of every twoor three people you know. so even if you're an e_trovert yourself, i'm talkingabout your coworkers and your spouses and your childrenand the person sittingne_t to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deepand real in our society. we all internalize it from a very early age withouteven having a language for what we're doing.
這就是很多內向的人正在做的事情 這當然是我們的損失 但這同樣也是同事們的損失 我們所在團隊集體的損失當然，冒著被指為誇大其詞的風險我想說，更是世界的損失 因為當涉及創造和領導的時候 我們需要內向的人做到最好 三分之一到二分之一的人都是內向的--三分之一到二分之一 你要知道這可意味著每兩到三個人中就有一個內向的 所以即使你自己是一個外向的人 我正在說你的同事 和你的配偶和你的孩子還有現在正坐在你旁邊的那個傢伙-- 他們都要屈從於這樣的偏見 一種在我們的社會中已經紮根的現實偏見 我們從很小的時候就把它藏在內心最深處甚至都不說幾句話，關於我們正在做的事情。
now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion 's different from being shy. shyness is about fear of social oversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including socialstimulation. so e_troverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereasintroverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their mostcapable when they're in quieter, more low-key all the time --these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. so the key then toma_imizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulationthat is right for us.
現在讓我們來清楚地看待這種偏見 我們需要真正瞭解“內向”到底指什麼 它和害羞是不同的 害羞是對於社會評論的恐懼 內向更多的是 你怎樣對於刺激作出迴應包括來自社會的刺激 其實內向的人是很渴求大量的鼓舞和激勵的 反之內向者最感覺到他們的存在 這是他們精力最充足的時候，最具有能力的時候當他們存在於更安靜的，更低調的環境中 並不是所有時候--這些事情都不是絕對的-- 但是存在於很多時候 所以說，關鍵在於 把我們的天賦發揮到最大化這對於我們來說就足夠把我們自己 放到對於我們正確又合適的激勵的區域中去
but now here's where the bias comes in. our most important institutions,our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for e_troverts and fore_troverts' need for lots of stimulation. and also we have this belief systemright now that i call the new groupthink,which holds that all creativity and allproductivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
但是現在偏見出現了 我們最重要的那些體系 我們的學校和工作單位 它們都是為性格外向者設計的 並且有適合他們需要的刺激和鼓勵當然我們現在也有這樣一種信用機制 我稱它為新型的“團隊思考” 這是一種包含所有創造力和生產力的思考方式 從一個社交非常零散的地方產生的
so if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when i was going toschool, we sat in rows. we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most ofour work pretty nowadays, your typical classroom has pods ofdesks -- four or five or si_ or seven kids all facing each other. and kids areworking in countless group assignments. even in subjects like math and creativewriting, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are nowe_pected to act as committee members. and for the kids who preferto go off bythemselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or,worse, as problem cases. and the vast majority of teachers reports believingthat the ideal student is an e_trovert as opposed to an introvert, even thoughintroverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according toresearch. (laughter)
當你描繪今天典型教室的圖案時 當我還上學的時候 我們一排排地坐著 我們靠著桌子一排排坐著就像這樣 並且我們大多數工作都是自覺完成的但是在現代社會，所謂典型的教室 是些圈起來並排的桌子-- 四個或是五個或是六、七個孩子坐在一起，面對面 孩子們要完成無數個小組任務 甚至像數學和創意寫作這些課程這些你們認為需要依靠個人閃光想法的課程 孩子們現在卻被期待成為小組會的成員 對於那些喜歡 獨處，或者自己一個人工作的孩子來說 這些孩子常常被視為局外人或者更糟，被視為問題孩子 並且很大一部分老師的報告中都相信 最理想的學生應該是外向的 相對於內向的學生而言 甚至說外向的學生能夠取得更好的成績更加博學多識據研究報道 (笑聲)
okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. now, most of us work in openplan offices,without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gazeof our coworkers. and when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinelypassed over for leadership positions,even though introverts tend to be verycareful, much less likely to take outsize risks --which is something we mightall favor nowadays. and interesting research by adam grant at the wharton schoolhas found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than e_trovertsdo, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likelyto let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an e_trovert can, quiteunwittingly, get so e_cited about things that they're putting their own stamp onthings, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to thesurface.
好了。同樣的事情也發生在我們工作的地方 現在呢，我們中的絕大多數都工作在寬闊沒有隔間的辦公室裡 甚至沒有牆 在這裡，我們暴露在不斷的噪音和我們同事的凝視目光下工作 而當談及領袖氣質的時候 內向的人總是按照慣例從領導的位置被忽視了 儘管內向的人是非常小心仔細的 很少去冒特大的風險--這些風險是今天我們可能都喜歡的 賓夕法尼亞大學沃頓商學院的亞當·格蘭特教授做了一項很有意思的研究 這項研究表明內向的領導們相對於外向領導而言總是會生產更大的效益 因為當他們管理主動積極的僱員的時候 他們更傾向於讓有主見的僱員去自由發揮 反之外向的領導就可能，當然是不經意的對於事情變得十分激動 他們在事務上有了自己想法的印跡 這使其他人的想法可能就不會很容易地 在舞臺上發光了
now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have beenintroverts. i'll give you some e_amples. eleanor roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhi-- all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies wastelling them not to. and this turns out to have a special power all its own,because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,not because theyenjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;theywere there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what theythought was right.
事實上，歷史上一些有改革能力的領袖都是內向的人 我會舉一些例子給你們 埃莉諾·羅斯福，羅沙·帕克斯，甘地 -- 所有這些人都把自己描述成內向，說話溫柔甚至是害羞的人 他們仍然站在了聚光燈下 即使他們渾身上下 都感知他們說不要這證明是一種屬於它自身的特殊的力量因為人們都會感覺這些領導者同時是掌舵者 並不是因為他們喜歡指揮別人 抑或是享受眾人目光的聚焦 他們處在那個位置因為他們沒有選擇因為他們行駛在他們認為正確的道路上
now i think at this point it's important for me to say that i actually lovee_troverts. i always like to say some of my best friends are e_troverts,including my beloved husband. and we all fall at different points, of course,along the introvert/e_trovert spectrum. even carl jung, the psychologist whofirst popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pureintrovert or a pure e_trovert. he said that such a man would be in a lunaticasylum, if he e_isted at all. and some people fall smack in the middle of theintrovert/e_trovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. and i oftenthink that they have the best of all worlds. but many of us do recognizeourselves as one type or the other.
現在我覺得對於這點我有必要說 那就是我真的喜愛外向的人 我總是喜歡說我最好的幾個朋友都是外向的人 包括我親愛的丈夫 當然了我們都會在不同點時偏向內向者/外向者的範圍 甚至是卡爾·榮格，這個讓這些名詞為大眾所熟知的心理學家，說道 世上絕沒有一個純粹的內向的人 或者一個純粹的外向的人他說這樣的人會在精神病院裡 如果他存在的話 還有一些人處在中間的跡象 在內向與外向之間 我們稱這些人為“中向性格者” 並且我總是認為他們擁有世界最美好的一切但是我們中的大多數總是認為自己屬於內向或者外向，其中一類
and what i'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance. weneed more of a yin and yang between these two types. this is especiallyimportant when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because whenpsychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find arepeople who are very good at e_changing ideas and advancing ideas, but who alsohave a serious streak of introversion in them.
同時我想說從文化意義上講我們需要一種更好的平衡 我們需要更多的陰陽的平衡 在這兩種型別的人之間 這點是極為重要的 當涉及創造力和生產力的時候因為當心理學家們看待 最有創造力的人的生命的時候 他們尋找到的 是那些擅長變換思維的人 提出想法的人 但是他們同時也有著極為顯著的偏內向的痕跡
and this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned downdinner party dor geisel, better known as dr. seuss, he dreamedup many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had inthe back of his house in la jolla, california. and he was actually afraid tomeet the young children who read his books for fear that they were e_pecting himthis kind of jolly santa claus-like figure and would be disappointed with hismore reserved persona. steve wozniak invented the first apple computer sittingalone in his cubical in hewlett-packard where he was working at the time. and hesays that he never would have become such an e_pert in the first place had henot been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.
這是因為獨處是非常關鍵的因素 對於創造力來說 所以達爾文 自己一個人漫步在小樹林裡 並且斷然拒絕了晚餐派對的邀約西奧多·蓋索，更多時候以蘇索博士的名號知名 他夢想過很多的驚人的創作 在他在加利福尼亞州拉霍亞市房子的後面的 一座孤獨的束層的塔形辦公室中 而且其實他很害怕見面見那些讀過他的書的年輕的孩子們 害怕他們會期待他 這樣一位令人愉快的，聖誕老人形象的人物 同時又會因發現他含蓄緘默的性格而失望史蒂夫·沃茲尼亞克發明了第一臺蘋果電腦 一個人獨自坐在他的機櫃旁 在他當時工作的惠普公司 並且他說他永遠不會在那方面成為一號專家 但他還沒因太內向到要離開那裡那個他成長起來的地方
now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --and case in point, is steve wozniak famously coming together with steve jobs tostart apple computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for somepeople it is the air that they breathe. and in fact, we have known for centuriesabout the transcendent power of solitude. it's only recently that we'vestrangely begun to forget it. if you look at most of the world's majorreligions, you will find seekers -- moses, jesus, buddha, muhammad --seekers whoare going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then haveprofound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of thecommunity. so no wilderness, no revelations.
當然了 這並不意味著我們都應該停止合作-- 恰當的例子呢，是史蒂夫·沃茲尼亞克和史蒂夫·喬布斯的著名聯手 建立蘋果電腦公司--但是這並不意味著和獨處有重大關係 並且對於一些人來說 這是他們賴以呼吸生存的空氣 事實上，幾個世紀以來我們已經非常明白獨處的卓越力量只是到了最近，非常奇怪，我們開始遺忘它了 如果你看看世界上主要的宗教 你會發現探尋者-- 摩西，耶穌，佛祖，穆罕默德 -- 那些獨身去探尋的人們在大自然的曠野中獨處，思索 在那裡，他們有了深刻的頓悟和對於奧義的揭示 之後他們把這些思想帶回到社會的其他地方去沒有曠原，沒有啟示
this is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporarypsychology. it turns out that we can't even be in a group of people withoutinstinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. even about seemingly personaland visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping thebeliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you'redoing.
儘管這並不令人驚訝 如果你注意到現代心理學的思想理論 它反映出來我們甚至不能和一組人待在一起 而不去本能地模仿他們的意見與想法甚至是看上去私人的，發自內心的事情 像是你被誰所吸引 你會開始模仿你周圍的人的信仰 甚至都覺察不到你自己在做什麼
and groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismaticperson in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the besttalker and having the best ideas -- i mean zero. so ... (laughter) you might befollowing the person with the best ideas, but you might not. and do you reallywant to leave it up to chance? much better for everybody to go off bythemselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of groupdynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in awell-managed environment and take it from there.
還曾跟隨群體的意見 跟隨著房間裡最具有統治力的，最有領袖氣質的人的思路 雖然這真的沒什麼關係 在成為一個卓越的演講家還是擁有最好的主意之間--我的意思是“零相關” 那麼...(笑聲) 你們或許會跟隨有最好頭腦的人 但是你們也許不會 可你們真的想把這機會扔掉嗎?如果每個人都自己行動或許好得多發掘他們自己的想法 沒有群體動力學的曲解 接著來到一起組成一個團隊 在一個良好管理的環境中互相交流 並且在那裡學習別的思想
now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? why are wesetting up our schools this way and our workplaces? and why are we making theseintroverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of thetime? one answer lies deep in our cultural history. western societies, and inparticular the u.s., have always favored the man of action over the man ofcontemplation and "man" of contemplation. but in america's early days, we livedin what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point,valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. and if you lookat the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like"character, the grandest thing in the world." and they featured role models likeabraham lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming. ralph waldoemerson called him "a man who does not offend by superiority."
如果說現在這一切都是真的 那麼為什麼我們還得到這樣錯誤的結論? 為什麼我們要這樣創立我們的學校，還有我們的工作單位?為什麼我們要讓這些內向的人覺得那麼愧疚 。對於他們只是想要離開，一個人獨處一段時間的事實? 有一個答案在我們的文化史中埋藏已久 西方社會特別是在美國總是偏愛有行動的人 而不是有深刻思考的人 有深刻思考的“人” 但是在美國早期的時候 我們生活在一個被歷史學家稱作“性格特徵”的文化那時我們仍然，在這點上，判斷人們的價值 從人們的內涵和道義正直 而且如果你看一看這個時代關於自立的書籍的話 它們都有這樣一種標題： “性格”，世界上最偉大的事物並且它們以亞伯拉罕·林肯這樣的為標榜 一個被形容為謙虛低調的男人 拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛默生稱他是 “一個以‘優越’二形容都不為過的人”
but then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture thathistorians call the culture of personality. what happened is we had evolved anagricultural economy to a world of big business. and so suddenly people aremoving from small towns to the instead of working alongside peoplethey've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in acrowd of strangers. so, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism andcharisma suddenly come to seem really important. and sure enough, the self-helpbooks change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "how towin friends and influence people." and they feature as their role models reallygreat salesmen. so that's the world we're living in today. that's our culturalinheritance.
但是接著我們來到了二十世紀 並且我們融入了一種新的文化 一種被歷史學家稱作“個性”的文化 所發生的改變就是我們從農業經濟發展為 一個大商業經濟的世界而且人們突然開始搬遷從小的城鎮搬向城市 並且一改他們之前的在生活中和所熟識的人們一起工作的方式 現在他們在一群陌生人中間有必要去證明自己 這樣做是非常可以理解的像領袖氣質和個人魅力這樣的品質 突然間似乎變得極為重要 那麼可以肯定的是，自助自立的書的內容變更了以適應這些新的需求 並且它們開始擁有名稱像是《如何贏得朋友和影響他人》(戴爾?卡耐基所著《人性的弱點》) 他們的特點是做自己的榜樣 不得不說確實是好的推銷員 所以這就是我們今天生活的世界這是我們的文化遺產
now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and i'm alsonot calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. the same religions who sendtheir sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. and theproblems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are sovast and so comple_ that we are going to need armies of people coming togetherto solve them working together. but i am saying that the more freedom that wegive introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up withtheir own unique solutions to these problems.
現在沒有誰能夠說 社交技能是不重要的 並且我也不是想呼籲 大家廢除團隊合作模式 但仍是相同的宗教，卻把他們的聖人送到了孤獨的山頂上仍然教導我們愛與信任 還有我們今天所要面對的問題 像是在科學和經濟領域 是如此的巨大和複雜 以至於我們需要人們強有力地團結起來 共同解決這些問題但是我想說，越給內向者自由讓他們做自己 他們就做得越好 去想出他們獨特的關於問題的解決辦法
so now i'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. guess what?books. i have a suitcase full of books. here's margaret atwood, "cat's eye."here's a novel by milan kundera. and here's "the guide for the perple_ed" bymaimonides. but these are not e_actly my books. i brought these books with mebecause they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
所以現在我很高興同你們分享 我手提箱中的東西 猜猜是什麼? 書 我有一個手提箱裡面裝滿了書 這是瑪格麗特·阿特伍德的《貓的眼睛》這是一本米蘭·昆德拉的書 這是一本《迷途指津》 是邁蒙尼德寫的 但這些實際上都不是我的書 我還是帶著它們，陪伴著我 因為它們都是我祖父最喜愛的作家所寫
my grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a smallapartment in brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when i was growingup, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence andpartly because it was filled with books. i mean literally every table, everychair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as asurface for swaying stacks of books. just like the rest of my family, mygrandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
我的祖父是一名猶太教祭司 他獨身一人 在布魯克林的一間小公寓中居住 那裡是我從小到大在這個世界上最喜愛的地方部分原因是他有著非常溫和親切的，溫文爾雅的舉止 部分原因是那裡充滿了書 我的意思是，毫不誇張地說，公寓中的每張桌子，每張椅子 都充分應用著它原有的功能就是現在作為承載一大堆都在搖曳的書的表面 就像我其他的家庭成員一樣 我祖父在這個世界上最喜歡做的事情就是閱讀
but he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in thesermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. he wouldtakes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricatetapestries of ancient and humanist thought. and people would come from all overto hear him speak.
但是他同樣也熱愛他的宗教 並且你們可以從他的講述中感覺到他這種愛 這62年來每週他都作為一名猶太教的祭司 他會從每週的閱讀中汲取養分並且他會編織這些錯綜複雜的古代和人文主義的思想的掛毯 並且人們會從各個地方前來 聽他的講話
but here's the thing about my grandfather. underneath this ceremonial role,he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he deliveredthese sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregationthat he had been speaking to for 62 years. and even away from the podium, whenyou called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely forfear that he was taking up too much of your time. but when he died at the age of94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodatethe crowd of people who came out to mourn him. and so these days i try to learnfrom my grandfather's e_ample in my own way.
但是有這麼一件關於我祖父的事情 在這個正式的角色下隱藏著 他是一個非常謙虛的非常內向的人 是那麼的謙虛內向以至於當他在向人們講述的時候他都不敢有視線上的接觸 和同樣的教堂會眾 他已經發言有62年了 甚至都還遠離領獎臺 當你們讓他說“你好”的時候 他總會提早結束這對話 擔心他會佔用你太多的時間但是當他94歲去世的時候 警察們需要封鎖他所居住的街道鄰里 來容納擁擠的人們 前來哀悼他的人們 這些天來我都試著從我祖父的事例中學習 以我自己的方式
so i just published a book about introversion, and it took me about sevenyears to for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because i wasreading, i was writing, i was thinking, i was researching. it was my version ofmy grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. but now all of a suddenmy job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talkingabout introversion. (laughter) and that's a lot harder for me,because as honoredas i am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.
所以我就出版了一本關於內向性格的書 它花了我7年的時間完成它 而對我來說，這七年像是一種極大的喜悅 因為我在閱讀，我在寫作 我在思考，我在探尋這是我的版本 對於爺爺一天中幾個小時都要獨自待在圖書館這件事 但是現在突然間我的工作變得很不同了 我的工作變成了站在這裡講述它 講述內向的性格 (笑聲)而且這對於我來說是有一點困難的 因為我很榮幸 在現在被你們所有人所傾聽 這可不是我自然的文化背景
so i prepared for moments like these as best i could. i spent the last yearpracticing public speaking every chance i could get. and i call this my "year ofspeaking dangerously." (laughter) and that actually helped a lot. but i'll tellyou, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes toour attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poisedon the brink on dramatic change. i mean, we are. and so i am going to leave younow with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
所以我準備了一會就像這樣 以我所能做到的最好的方式 我花了最近一年的時間練習在公共場合發言 在我能得到的每一個機會中我把這一年稱作我的“危險地發言的一年” (笑聲) 而且它的確幫了我很大的忙 但是我要告訴你們一個幫我更大的忙的事情 那就是我的感覺，我的信仰，我的希望當談及我們態度的時候 對於內向性格的，對於安靜，對於獨處的態度時 我們確實是在急劇變化的邊緣上保持微妙的平衡 我的意思是，我們在保持平衡現在我將要給你們留下一些東西 三件對於你們的行動有幫助的事情 獻給那些觀看我的演講的人
number one: stop the madness for constant group work. just stop it.(laughter) thank you. (applause) and i want to be clear about what i'm saying,because i deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chattycafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people cometogether and serendipitously have an e_change of is great. it's greatfor introverts and it's great for e_troverts. but we need much more privacy andmuch more freedom and much more autonomy at work. school, same need tobe teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teachingthem how to work on their own. this is especially important for e_trovertedchildren need to work on their own because that is where deep thoughtcomes from in part.
第一： 停止對於經常要團隊協作的執迷與瘋狂 停止它就好了 (笑聲) 謝謝你們 (掌聲) 我想讓我所說的事情變得清晰一些 因為我對於我們的辦公深信不疑應該鼓勵它們 那種休閒隨意的，聊天似的咖啡廳式的相互作用-- 你們知道的，道不同不相為謀，人們聚到一起 並且互相交換著寶貴的意見 這是很棒的這對於內向者很好，同樣對於外向者也好 但是我們需要更多的隱私和更多的自由 還有更多對於我們本身工作的自主權 對於學校，也是同樣的。我們當然需要教會孩子們要一起學習工作 但是我們同樣需要教會孩子們怎麼樣獨立完成任務 這對於外向的孩子們來說同樣是極為重要的 他們需要獨立完成工作因為從某種程度上，這是他們深刻思考的來源
okay, number two: go to the wilderness. be like buddha, have your ownrevelations. i'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our owncabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but i am saying that wecould all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.
好了，第二個：去到野外(開啟思維) 就像佛祖一樣，擁有你們自己對於事物的揭示啟迪 我並不是說 我們都要跑去小樹林裡建造我們自己的小屋並且之後就永遠不和別人說話了 但是我要說我們都可以堅持去去除一些障礙物 然後深入我們自己的大腦思想 時不時得再深入一點
number three: take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and whyyou put it there. so e_troverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. ormaybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. whatever it is,i hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with yourenergy and your joy. but introverts, you being you, you probably have theimpulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. and that'sokay. but occasionally, just occasionally, i hope you will open up yoursuitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs thethings you carry.
第三點： 好好看一眼你的旅行箱內有什麼東西 還有你為什麼把它放進去 所以外向者們 也許你們的箱子內同樣堆滿了書 或者它們裝滿了香檳的玻璃酒杯或者是跳傘運動的裝置 不管它是什麼，我希望每當你們有機會你們就把它拿出來 用你的能量和你的快樂讓我們感受到美和享受 但是內向者們，你們作為內向者你們很可能有仔細保護一切的衝動 在你箱子裡的東西 這沒有問題 但是偶爾地，只是說偶爾地 我希望你們可以開啟你們的手提箱，讓別人看一看因為這個世界需要你們，同樣需要你們身上所攜帶的你們特有的事物
so i wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speaksoftly.
所以對於你們即將走上的所有旅程，我都給予你們我最美好的祝願 還有溫柔地說話的勇氣
thank you. thank you.
非常感謝你們!
when i was nine years old i went off to summer camp for the first time. andmy mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like aperfectly natural thing to do. because in my family, reading was the primarygroup activity. and this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was reallyjust a different way of being social. you have the animal warmth of your familysitting right ne_t to you, but you are also free to go roaming around theadventureland inside your own mind. and i had this idea that camp was going tobe just like this, but better. (laughter) i had a vision of 10 girls sitting ina cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
(laughter)
camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. and on the very firstday our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that shesaid we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill campspirit. and it went like this: "r-o-w-d-i-e, that's the way we spell ie, rowdie, let's get rowdie." yeah. so i couldn't figure out for the lifeof me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this wordincorrectly. (laughter) but i recited a cheer. i recited a cheer along witheverybody else. i did my best. and i just waited for the time that i could gooff and read my books.
but the first time that i took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girlin the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "why are you being so mellow?" --mellow, of course, being the e_act opposite of r-o-w-d-i-e. and then the secondtime i tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned e_pression on herface and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all workvery hard to be outgoing.
and so i put my books away, back in their suitcase, and i put them under mybed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. and i felt kind of guiltyabout this. i felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling outto me and i was forsaking them. but i did forsake them and i didn't open thatsuitcase again until i was back home with my family at the end of thesummer.
now, i tell you this story about summer camp. i could have told you 50others just like it -- all the times that i got the message that somehow myquiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go,that i should be trying to pass as more of an e_trovert. and i always senseddeep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty e_cellent just asthey were. but for years i denied this intuition, and so i became a wall streetlawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that i had always longed to be --partly because i needed to prove to myself that i could be bold and assertivetoo. and i was always going off to crowded bars when i really would havepreferred to just have a nice dinner with friends. and i made theseself-negating choices so refle_ively, that i wasn't even aware that i was makingthem.
now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it isalso our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. and at the risk of soundinggrandiose, it is the world's loss. because when it comes to creativity and toleadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. a third to a half of thepopulation are introverts -- a third to a half. so that's one out of every twoor three people you know. so even if you're an e_trovert yourself, i'm talkingabout your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sittingne_t to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deepand real in our society. we all internalize it from a very early age withouteven having a language for what we're doing.
now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion 's different from being shy. shyness is about fear of social oversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including socialstimulation. so e_troverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereasintroverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their mostcapable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments. not all the time --these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. so the key then toma_imizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulationthat is right for us.
but now here's where the bias comes in. our most important institutions,our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for e_troverts and fore_troverts' need for lots of stimulation. and also we have this belief systemright now that i call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity andall productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
so if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when i was going toschool, we sat in rows. we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most ofour work pretty autonomously. but nowadays, your typical classroom has pods ofdesks -- four or five or si_ or seven kids all facing each other. and kids areworking in countless group assignments. even in subjects like math and creativewriting, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are nowe_pected to act as committee members. and for the kids who prefer to go off bythemselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or,worse, as problem cases. and the vast majority of teachers reports believingthat the ideal student is an e_trovert as opposed to an introvert, even thoughintroverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according toresearch. (laughter)
okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. now, most of us work in openplan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gazeof our coworkers. and when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinelypassed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be verycareful, much less likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we mightall favor nowadays. and interesting research by adam grant at the wharton schoolhas found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than e_trovertsdo, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likelyto let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an e_trovert can, quiteunwittingly, get so e_cited about things that they're putting their own stamp onthings, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to thesurface.
now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have beenintroverts. i'll give you some e_amples. eleanor roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhi-- all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies wastelling them not to. and this turns out to have a special power all its own,because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm, not because theyenjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at; theywere there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what theythought was right.
now i think at this point it's important for me to say that i actually lovee_troverts. i always like to say some of my best friends are e_troverts,including my beloved husband. and we all fall at different points, of course,along the introvert/e_trovert spectrum. even carl jung, the psychologist whofirst popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pureintrovert or a pure e_trovert. he said that such a man would be in a lunaticasylum, if he e_isted at all. and some people fall smack in the middle of theintrovert/e_trovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. and i oftenthink that they have the best of all worlds. but many of us do recognizeourselves as one type or the other.
and what i'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance. weneed more of a yin and yang between these two types. this is especiallyimportant when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because whenpsychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find arepeople who are very good at e_changing ideas and advancing ideas, but who alsohave a serious streak of introversion in them.
and this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned downdinner party invitations. theodor geisel, better known as dr. seuss, he dreamedup many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had inthe back of his house in la jolla, california. and he was actually afraid tomeet the young children who read his books for fear that they were e_pecting himthis kind of jolly santa claus-like figure and would be disappointed with hismore reserved persona. steve wozniak invented the first apple computer sittingalone in his cubical in hewlett-packard where he was working at the time. and hesays that he never would have become such an e_pert in the first place had henot been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.
now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --and case in point, is steve wozniak famously coming together with steve jobs tostart apple computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for somepeople it is the air that they breathe. and in fact, we have known for centuriesabout the transcendent power of solitude. it's only recently that we'vestrangely begun to forget it. if you look at most of the world's majorreligions, you will find seekers -- moses, jesus, buddha, muhammad -- seekerswho are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then haveprofound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of thecommunity. so no wilderness, no revelations.
this is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporarypsychology. it turns out that we can't even be in a group of people withoutinstinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. even about seemingly personaland visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping thebeliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you'redoing.
and groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismaticperson in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the besttalker and having the best ideas -- i mean zero. so ... (laughter) you might befollowing the person with the best ideas, but you might not. and do you reallywant to leave it up to chance? much better for everybody to go off bythemselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of groupdynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in awell-managed environment and take it from there.
now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? why are wesetting up our schools this way and our workplaces? and why are we making theseintroverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of thetime? one answer lies deep in our cultural history. western societies, and inparticular the u.s., have always favored the man of action over the man ofcontemplation and "man" of contemplation. but in america's early days, we livedin what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point,valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. and if you lookat the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like"character, the grandest thing in the world." and they featured role models likeabraham lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming. ralph waldoemerson called him "a man who does not offend by superiority."
but then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture thathistorians call the culture of personality. what happened is we had evolved anagricultural economy to a world of big business. and so suddenly people aremoving from small towns to the cities. and instead of working alongside peoplethey've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in acrowd of strangers. so, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism andcharisma suddenly come to seem really important. and sure enough, the self-helpbooks change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "how towin friends and influence people." and they feature as their role models reallygreat salesmen. so that's the world we're living in today. that's our culturalinheritance.
now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and i'm alsonot calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. the same religions who sendtheir sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. and theproblems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are sovast and so comple_ that we are going to need armies of people coming togetherto solve them working together. but i am saying that the more freedom that wegive introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up withtheir own unique solutions to these problems.
so now i'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. guess what?books. i have a suitcase full of books. here's margaret atwood, "cat's eye."here's a novel by milan kundera. and here's "the guide for the perple_ed" bymaimonides. but these are not e_actly my books. i brought these books with mebecause they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
my grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a smallapartment in brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when i was growingup, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence andpartly because it was filled with books. i mean literally every table, everychair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as asurface for swaying stacks of books. just like the rest of my family, mygrandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
but he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in thesermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. he wouldtakes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricatetapestries of ancient and humanist thought. and people would come from all overto hear him speak.
but here's the thing about my grandfather. underneath this ceremonial role,he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he deliveredthese sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregationthat he had been speaking to for 62 years. and even away from the podium, whenyou called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely forfear that he was taking up too much of your time. but when he died at the age of94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodatethe crowd of people who came out to mourn him. and so these days i try to learnfrom my grandfather's e_ample in my own way.
so i just published a book about introversion, and it took me about sevenyears to write. and for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because i wasreading, i was writing, i was thinking, i was researching. it was my version ofmy grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. but now all of a suddenmy job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talkingabout introversion. (laughter) and that's a lot harder for me, because ashonored as i am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my naturalmilieu.
so i prepared for moments like these as best i could. i spent the last yearpracticing public speaking every chance i could get. and i call this my "year ofspeaking dangerously." (laughter) and that actually helped a lot. but i'll tellyou, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes toour attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poisedon the brink on dramatic change. i mean, we are. and so i am going to leave younow with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
number one: stop the madness for constant group work. just stop it.(laughter) thank you. (applause) and i want to be clear about what i'm saying,because i deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chattycafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people cometogether and serendipitously have an e_change of ideas. that is great. it'sgreat for introverts and it's great for e_troverts. but we need much moreprivacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work. school, samething. we need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also needto be teaching them how to work on their own. this is especially important fore_troverted children too. they need to work on their own because that is wheredeep thought comes from in part.
okay, number two: go to the wilderness. be like buddha, have your ownrevelations. i'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our owncabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but i am saying that wecould all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.
number three: take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and whyyou put it there. so e_troverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. ormaybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. whatever it is,i hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with yourenergy and your joy. but introverts, you being you, you probably have theimpulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. and that'sokay. but occasionally, just occasionally, i hope you will open up yoursuitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs thethings you carry.
so i wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speaksoftly.
thank you very much.
(applause)
thank you. thank you.
chinese restaurants have played an important role in american history, as amatter of fact. the cuban missile crisis was resolved in a chinese restaurantcalled yenching palace in washington, d.c., which unfortunately is closed now,and about to be turned into walgreen's. and the house that john wilkes boothplanned the assassination of abraham lincoln is actually also now a chineserestaurant called wok 'n roll, on h street in washington.
事實上，中國餐館在美國曆史上發揮了很重要的作用。古巴導彈危機是在華盛頓一家名叫“燕京館”的中餐館裡解決的。很不幸，這家餐館現在關門了，即將被改建成沃爾格林連鎖藥店。而約翰·威爾克斯·布斯刺殺林肯總統的那所房子現在也成了一家中餐館，就是位於華盛頓的“鍋和卷”。
and if you think about it, a lot of the foods that you think of or we thinkof or americans think of as chinese food are barely recognizable to chinese, fore_ample: beef with broccoli, egg rolls, general tso's chicken, fortune cookies,chop suey, the take-out bo_es.
如果你仔細想想，就會發現很多你們所認為或我們所認為，或是美國人所認為的中國食物，中國人並不認識。比如西蘭花牛肉、蛋卷、左宗棠雞、幸運餅乾、雜碎、外賣盒子。
so, the interesting question is, how do you go from fortune cookies beingsomething that is japanese to being something that is chinese? well, the shortanswer is, we locked up all the japanese during world war ii, including thosethat made fortune cookies, so that's the time when the chinese moved in, kind ofsaw a market opportunity and took over.
所以有趣的是，幸運餅乾是怎麼從日本的東西變成中國的東西的呢?簡單地說，我們在二戰時扣押了所以的日本人，包括那些做幸運餅乾的。這時候，中國人來了，看到了商機，自然就據為己有了。
general tso's chicken -- which, by the way, in the us naval academy iscalled admiral tso's chicken. i love this dish. the original name in my book wasactually called the long march of general tso, and he has marched very farindeed, because he is sweet, he is fried, and he is chicken -- all things thatamericans love.
左宗棠雞，在美國海軍軍校被稱為左司令雞。我很喜歡這道菜。在我的書裡，這道菜實際上叫左將軍的長征，它確實在美國很受歡迎，因為它是甜的，油炸的，是雞肉做的——全部都是美國人的最愛。
so, you know, i realized when i was there, general tso is kind of a lotlike colonel sanders in america, in that he's known for chicken and not war. butin china, this guy's actually known for war and not chicken.
我意識到左宗棠將軍有點像美國的桑德斯上校(肯德基創始人)，因為他是因雞肉而出名的而不是戰爭。而在中國，左宗棠確實是因為戰爭而不是雞肉聞名的。
so it's kind of part of the phenomenon i called spontaneousself-organization, right, where, like in ant colonies, where little decisionsmade by -- on the micro-level actually have a big impact on the macro-level.
這就有點像我所說的自發組織現象。就像在螞蟻群中，在微觀層面上做的小小決定會在巨集觀層面上產生巨大的影響。
and the great innovation of chicken mcnuggets was not nuggetfying them,because that's kind of an easy concept, but the trick behind chicken mcnuggetswas, they were able to remove the chicken from the bone in a cost-effectivemanner, which is why it took so long for other people to copy them.
麥樂雞塊的發明並沒有給他們帶來切實收益，因為這個想法很簡單，但麥樂雞背後的技巧是如何用一種划算的方式來把雞肉從骨頭上剔出來。這就是為什麼過了這麼久才有人模仿他們。
we can think of chinese restaurants perhaps as linu_: sort of an opensource thing, right, where ideas from one person can be copied and propagatedacross the entire system, that there can be specialized versions of chinesefood, you know, depending on the region.
我們可以把中餐館比作linu_：一種開源系統。一個人的想法可以在整個系統中被複制，被普及。在不同的地區，就有特別版本的中國菜。
簡介：殘奧會短跑冠軍aimeemullins天生沒有腓骨，從小就要學習靠義肢走路和奔跑。如今，她不僅是短跑選手、演員、模特，還是一位穩健的演講者。她不喜歡字典中“disabled”這個詞，因為負面詞彙足以毀掉一個人。但是，坦然面對不幸，你會發現等待你的是更多的機會。
i'd like to share with you a discovery that i made a few months ago whilewriting an article for italian wired. i always keep my thesaurus handy wheneveri'm writing anything, but i'd already finished editing the piece, and i realizedthat i had never once in my life looked up the word "disabled" to see what i'dfind.
let me read you the entry. "disabled, adjective: crippled, helpless,useless, wrecked, stalled, maimed, wounded, mangled, lame, mutilated, run-down,worn-out, weakened, impotent, castrated, paralyzed, handicapped, senile,decrepit, laid-up, done-up, done-for, done-in cracked-up, counted-out; see alsohurt, useless and weak. antonyms, healthy, strong, capable." i was reading thislist out loud to a friend and at first was laughing, it was so ludicrous, buti'd just gotten past "mangled," and my voice broke, and i had to stop andcollect myself from the emotional shock and impact that the assault from thesewords unleashed.
you know, of course, this is my raggedy old thesaurus so i'm thinking thismust be an ancient print date, right? but, in fact, the print date was the early1980s, when i would have been starting primary school and forming anunderstanding of myself outside the family unit and as related to the other kidsand the world around me. and, needless to say, thank god i wasn't using athesaurus back then. i mean, from this entry, it would seem that i was born intoa world that perceived someone like me to have nothing positive whatsoever goingfor them, when in fact, today i'm celebrated for the opportunities andadventures my life has procured.
so, i immediately went to look up the __ online edition, e_pecting to finda revision worth noting. here's the updated version of this rtunately, it's not much better. i find the last two words under "nearantonyms," particularly unsettling: "whole" and "wholesome."
so, it's not just about the words. it's what we believe about people whenwe name them with these words. it's about the values behind the words, and howwe construct those values. our language affects our thinking and how we view theworld and how we view other people. in fact, many ancient societies, includingthe greeks and the romans, believed that to utter a curse verbally was sopowerful, because to say the thing out loud brought it into e_istence. so, whatreality do we want to call into e_istence: a person who is limited, or a personwho's empowered? by casually doing something as simple as naming a person, achild, we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power. wouldn't wewant to open doors for them instead?
one such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor at the nt institute in wilmington, delaware. his name was dr. pizzutillo, anitalian american, whose name, apparently, was too difficult for most americansto pronounce, so he went by dr. p. and dr. p always wore really colorful bowties and had the very perfect disposition to work with children.
i loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital, with thee_ception of my physical therapy sessions. i had to do what seemed likeinnumerable repetitions of e_ercises with these thick, elastic bands --different colors, you know -- to help build up my leg muscles, and i hated thesebands more than anything -- i hated them, had names for them. i hated them. and,you know, i was already bargaining, as a five year-old child, with dr. p to tryto get out of doing these e_ercises, unsuccessfully, of course. and, one day, hecame in to my session -- e_haustive and unforgiving, these sessions -- and hesaid to me, "wow. aimee, you are such a strong and powerful little girl, i thinkyou're going to break one of those bands. when you do break it, i'm going togive you a hundred bucks."
now, of course, this was a simple ploy on dr. p's part to get me to do thee_ercises i didn't want to do before the prospect of being the richestfive-year-old in the second floor ward, but what he effectively did for me wasreshape an awful daily occurrence into a new and promising e_perience for i have to wonder today to what e_tent his vision and his declaration of meas a strong and powerful little girl shaped my own view of myself as aninherently strong, powerful and athletic person well into the future.
this is an e_ample of how adults in positions of power can ignite the powerof a child. but, in the previous instances of those thesaurus entries, ourlanguage isn't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want,the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable. our languagehasn't caught up with the changes in our society, many of which have beenbrought about by technology. certainly, from a medical standpoint, my legs,laser surgery for vision impairment, titanium knees and hip replacements foraging bodies that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities,and move beyond the limits that nature has imposed on them -- not to mentionsocial networking platforms allow people to self-identify, to claim their owndescriptions of themselves, so they can go align with global groups of their ownchoosing. so, perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now what hasalways been a truth: that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer oursociety, and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset.
the human ability to adapt, it's an interesting thing, because people havecontinually wanted to talk to me about overcoming adversity, and i'm going tomake an admission: this phrase never sat right with me, and i always felt uneasytrying to answer people's questions about it, and i think i'm starting to figureout why. implicit in this phrase of "overcoming adversity" is the idea thatsuccess, or happiness, is about emerging on the other side of a challenginge_perience unscathed or unmarked by the e_perience, as if my successes in lifehave come about from an ability to sidestep or circumnavigate the presumedpitfalls of a life with prosthetics, or what other people perceive as mydisability. but, in fact, we are changed. we are marked, of course, by achallenge, whether physically, emotionally or both. and i'm going to suggestthat this is a good thing. adversity isn't an obstacle that we need to getaround in order to resume living our life. it's part of our life. and i tend tothink of it like my shadow. sometimes i see a lot of it, sometimes there's verylittle, but it's always with me. and, certainly, i'm not trying to diminish theimpact, the weight, of a person's struggle.
there is adversity and challenge in life, and it's all very real andrelative to every single person, but the question isn't whether or not you'regoing to meet adversity, but how you're going to meet it. so, our responsibilityis not simply shielding those we care for from adversity, but preparing them tomeet it well. and we do a disservice to our kids when we make them feel thatthey're not equipped to adapt. there's an important difference and distinctionbetween the objective medical fact of my being an amputee and the subjectivesocietal opinion of whether or not i'm disabled. and, truthfully, the only realand consistent disability i've had to confront is the world ever thinking that icould be described by those definitions.
in our desire to protect those we care about by giving them the cold, hardtruth about their medical prognosis, or, indeed, a prognosis on the e_pectedquality of their life, we have to make sure that we don't put the first brick ina wall that will actually disable someone. perhaps the e_isting model of onlylooking at what is broken in you and how do we fi_ it, serves to be moredisabling to the individual than the pathology itself.
by not treating the wholeness of a person, by not acknowledging theirpotency, we are creating another ill on top of whatever natural struggle theymight have. we are effectively grading someone's worth to our community. so weneed to see through the pathology and into the range of human capability. and,most importantly, there's a partnership between those perceived deficiencies andour greatest creative ability. so it's not about devaluing, or negating, thesemore trying times as something we want to avoid or sweep under the rug, butinstead to find those opportunities wrapped in the adversity. so maybe the ideai want to put out there is not so much overcoming adversity as it is openingourselves up to it, embracing it, grappling with it, to use a wrestling term,maybe even dancing with it. and, perhaps, if we see adversity as natural,consistent and useful, we're less burdened by the presence of it.
this year we celebrate the 200th birthday of charles darwin, and it was 150years ago, when writing about evolution, that darwin illustrated, i think, atruth about the human character. to paraphrase: it's not the strongest of thespecies that survives, nor is it the most intelligent that survives; it is theone that is most adaptable to change. conflict is the genesis of creation. fromdarwin's work, amongst others, we can recognize that the human ability tosurvive and flourish is driven by the struggle of the human spirit throughconflict into transformation. so, again, transformation, adaptation, is ourgreatest human skill. and, perhaps, until we're tested, we don't know what we'remade of. maybe that's what adversity gives us: a sense of self, a sense of ourown power. so, we can give ourselves a gift. we can re-imagine adversity assomething more than just tough times. maybe we can see it as change. adversityis just change that we haven't adapted ourselves to yet.
i think the greatest adversity that we've created for ourselves is thisidea of normalcy. now, who's normal? there's no normal. there's common, there'stypical. there's no normal, and would you want to meet that poor, beige personif they e_isted? (laughter) i don't think so. if we can change this paradigmfrom one of achieving normalcy to one of possibility -- or potency, to be even alittle bit more dangerous -- we can release the power of so many more children,and invite them to engage their rare and valuable abilities with thecommunity.
anthropologists tell us that the one thing we as humans have alwaysrequired of our community members is to be of use, to be able to e's evidence that neanderthals, 60,000 years ago, carried their elderly andthose with serious physical injury, and perhaps it's because the life e_perienceof survival of these people proved of value to the community. they didn't viewthese people as broken and useless; they were seen as rare and valuable.
a few years ago, i was in a food market in the town where i grew up in thatred zone in northeastern pennsylvania, and i was standing over a bushel oftomatoes. it was summertime: i had shorts on. i hear this guy, his voice behindme say, "well, if it isn't aimee mullins." and i turn around, and it's thisolder man. i have no idea who he is.
and i said, "i'm sorry, sir, have we met? i don't remember meetingyou."
he said, "well, you wouldn't remember meeting me. i mean, when we met i wasdelivering you from your mother's womb." (laughter) oh, that guy. and, but ofcourse, actually, it did click.
this man was dr. kean, a man that i had only known about through mymother's stories of that day, because, of course, typical fashion, i arrivedlate for my birthday by two weeks. and so my mother's prenatal physician hadgone on vacation, so the man who delivered me was a complete stranger to myparents. and, because i was born without the fibula bones, and had feet turnedin, and a few toes in this foot and a few toes in that, he had to be the bearer-- this stranger had to be the bearer of bad news.
he said to me, "i had to give this prognosis to your parents that you wouldnever walk, and you would never have the kind of mobility that other kids haveor any kind of life of independence, and you've been making liar out of me eversince." (laughter) (applause)
the e_traordinary thing is that he said he had saved newspaper clippingsthroughout my whole childhood, whether winning a second grade spelling bee,marching with the girl scouts, you know, the halloween parade, winning mycollege scholarship, or any of my sports victories, and he was using it, andintegrating it into teaching resident students, med students from hahnemannmedical school and hershey medical school. and he called this part of the coursethe _ factor, the potential of the human will. no prognosis can account for howpowerful this could be as a determinant in the quality of someone's life. anddr. kean went on to tell me, he said, "in my e_perience, unless repeatedly toldotherwise, and even if given a modicum of support, if left to their own devices,a child will achieve."
see, dr. kean made that shift in thinking. he understood that there's adifference between the medical condition and what someone might do with it. andthere's been a shift in my thinking over time, in that, if you had asked me at15 years old, if i would have traded prosthetics for flesh-and-bone legs, iwouldn't have hesitated for a second. i aspired to that kind of normalcy backthen. but if you ask me today, i'm not so sure. and it's because of thee_periences i've had with them, not in spite of the e_periences i've had withthem. and perhaps this shift in me has happened because i've been e_posed tomore people who have opened doors for me than those who have put lids and castshadows on me.
see, all you really need is one person to show you the epiphany of your ownpower, and you're off. if you can hand somebody the key to their own power --the human spirit is so receptive -- if you can do that and open a door forsomeone at a crucial moment, you are educating them in the best sense. you'reteaching them to open doors for themselves. in fact, the e_act meaning of theword "educate" comes from the root word "educe." it means "to bring forth whatis within, to bring out potential." so again, which potential do we want tobring out?
there was a case study done in 1960s britain, when they were moving fromgrammar schools to comprehensive schools. it's called the streaming trials. wecall it "tracking" here in the states. it's separating students from a, b, c, dand so on. and the "a students" get the tougher curriculum, the best teachers,etc. well, they took, over a three-month period, d-level students, gave thema's, told them they were "a's," told them they were bright, and at the end ofthis three-month period, they were performing at a-level.
and, of course, the heartbreaking, flip side of this study, is that theytook the "a students" and told them they were "d's." and that's what happened atthe end of that three-month period. those who were still around in school,besides the people who had dropped out. a crucial part of this case study wasthat the teachers were duped too. the teachers didn't know a switch had beenmade. they were simply told, "these are the 'a-students,' these are the'd-students.'" and that's how they went about teaching them and treatingthem.
so, i think that the only true disability is a crushed spirit, a spiritthat's been crushed doesn't have hope, it doesn't see beauty, it no longer hasour natural, childlike curiosity and our innate ability to imagine. if instead,we can bolster a human spirit to keep hope, to see beauty in themselves andothers, to be curious and imaginative, then we are truly using our power a spirit has those qualities, we are able to create new realities and newways of being.
i'd like to leave you with a poem by a fourteenth-century persian poetnamed hafiz that my friend, jacques dembois told me about, and the poem iscalled "the god who only knows four words": "every child has known god, not thegod of names, not the god of don'ts, but the god who only knows four words andkeeps repeating them, saying, 'come dance with me. come, dance with me. come,dance with me.'"
thank you. (applause)
I was one of the only kids in college who had a reason to go to the _ at the end of the day, and that was mainly because my mother has neverbelieved in email, in Facebook, in te_ting or cell phones in general. And sowhile other kids were BBM-ing their parents, I was literally waiting by themailbo_ to get a letter from home to see how the weekend had gone, which was alittle frustrating when Grandma was in the hospital, but I was just looking forsome sort of scribble, some unkempt cursive from my mother.
And so when I moved to New York City after college and got completelysucker-punched in the face by depression, I did the only thing I could think ofat the time. I wrote those same kinds of letters that my mother had written mefor strangers, and tucked them all throughout the city, dozens and dozens ofthem. I left them everywhere, in cafes and in libraries, at the U.N.,everywhere. I blogged about those letters and the days when they were necessary,and I posed a kind of crazy promise to the Internet: that if you asked me for ahand-written letter, I would write you one, no questions asked. Overnight, myinbo_ morphed into this harbor of heartbreak -- a single mother in Sacramento, agirl being bullied in rural Kansas, all asking me, a 22-year-old girl who barelyeven knew her own coffee order, to write them a love letter and give them areason to wait by the mailbo_.
Well, today I fuel a global organization that is fueled by those trips tothe mailbo_, fueled by the ways in which we can harness social media like neverbefore to write and mail strangers letters when they need them most, but most ofall, fueled by crates of mail like this one, my trusty mail crate, filled withthe scriptings of ordinary people, strangers writing letters to other strangersnot because they're ever going to meet and laugh over a cup of coffee, butbecause they have found one another by way of letter-writing.
But, you know, the thing that always gets me about these letters is thatmost of them have been written by people that have never known themselves lovedon a piece of paper. They could not tell you about the ink of their own loveletters. They're the ones from my generation, the ones of us that have grown upinto a world where everything is paperless, and where some of our bestconversations have happened upon a screen. We have learned to diary our painonto Facebook, and we speak swiftly in 140 characters or less.
But what if it's not about efficiency this time? I was on the subwayyesterday with this mail crate, which is a conversation starter, let me tellyou. If you ever need one, just carry one of these. (Laughter) And a man juststared at me, and he was like, "Well, why don't you use the Internet?" And Ithought, "Well, sir, I am not a strategist, nor am I specialist. I am merely astoryteller." And so I could tell you about a woman whose husband has just comehome from Afghanistan, and she is having a hard time unearthing this thingcalled conversation, and so she tucks love letters throughout the house as a wayto say, "Come back to me. Find me when you can." Or a girl who decides that sheis going to leave love letters around her campus in Dubuque, Iowa, only to findher efforts ripple-effected the ne_t day when she walks out onto the quad andfinds love letters hanging from the trees, tucked in the bushes and the the man who decides that he is going to take his life, uses Facebook as a wayto say goodbye to friends and family. Well, tonight he sleeps safely with astack of letters just like this one tucked beneath his pillow, scripted bystrangers who were there for him when.
These are the kinds of stories that convinced me that letter-writing willnever again need to flip back her hair and talk about efficiency, because she isan art form now, all the parts of her, the signing, the scripting, the mailing,the doodles in the margins. The mere fact that somebody would even just sitdown, pull out a piece of paper and think about someone the whole way through,with an intention that is so much harder to unearth when the browser is up andthe iPhone is pinging and we've got si_ conversations rolling in at once, thatis an art form that does not fall down to the Goliath of "get faster," no matterhow many social networks we might join. We still clutch close these letters toour chest, to the words that speak louder than loud, when we turn pages intopalettes to say the things that we have needed to say, the words that we haveneeded to write, to sisters and brothers and even to strangers, for far toolong. Thank you.
in a funny, rapid-fire 4 minutes, ale_is ohanian of reddit tells thereal-life fable of one humpback whale's rise to web stardom. the lesson ofmister splashy pants is a shoo-in classic for meme-makers and marketers in thefacebook age.
這段有趣的4分鐘演講，來自 reddit 網站創始人 ale_isohanian。他講了一個座頭鯨在網上一夜成名的真實故事。“濺水先生”的故事是臉書時代米姆(小編注：根據《牛津英語詞典》，meme被定義為：“文化的基本單位，通過非遺傳的方式，特別是模仿而得到傳遞。”)製造者和傳播者共同創造的經典案例。
演講的開頭，ale_is ohanian介紹了“濺水先生”的故事。“綠色和平”環保組織為了阻止日本的捕鯨行為，在一隻鯨魚體內植入新片，併發起一個為這隻座頭鯨起名的活動。“綠色和平”組織希望起低調奢華有內涵的名字，但經過reddit的宣傳和推動，票數最多的卻是非常不高大上的“濺水先生”這個名字。經過幾番折騰，“綠色和平”接受了這個名字，並且這一行動成功阻止了日本捕鯨活動。
演講內容節選(ale_ ohanian 從社交網路的角度分析這個事件)
and actually, redditors in the internet community were happy toparticipate, but they weren't whale lovers. a few of them certainly were. butwe're talking about a lot of people who were just really interested and reallycaught up in this great meme, and in fact someone from greenpeace came back onthe site and thanked reddit for its participation. but this wasn't really out ofaltruism. this was just out of interest in doing something cool.
事實上，reddit的社群使用者們很高興參與其中，但他們並非是鯨魚愛好者。當然，他們中的一小部分或許是。我們看到的是一群人積極地去參與到這個米姆(社會活動)中，實際上“綠色和平”中的人登陸 ，感謝大家的參與。網友們這麼做並非是完全的利他主義。他們只是覺得做這件事很酷。
and this is kind of how the internet works. this is that great big use the internet provides this level playing field. your link is just asgood as your link, which is just as good as my link. as long as we have abrowser, anyone can get to any website no matter how big a budget you have.
這就是網際網路的運作方式。這就是我說的祕密。因為網際網路提供的是一個機會均等平臺。你分享的連結跟他分享的連結一樣有趣，我分享的連結也不賴。只要我們有一個瀏覽器，不論你的財富幾何，你都可以去到想瀏覽的頁面。
the other important thing is that it costs nothing to get that contentonline now. there are so many great publishing tools that are available, it onlytakes a few minutes of your time now to actually produce something. and the costof iteration is so cheap that you might as well give it a go.
另外，從網際網路獲取內容不需要任何成本。如今，網際網路有各種各樣的釋出工具，你只需要幾分鐘就可以成為內容的提供者。這種行為的成本非常低，你也可以試試。
and if you do, be genuine about it. be honest. be up front. and one of thegreat lessons that greenpeace actually learned was that it's okay to losecontrol. the final message that i want to share with all of you -- that you cando well online. if you want to succeed you've got to be okay to just losecontrol. thank you.
如果你真的決定試試，那麼請真摯、誠實、坦率地去做。“綠色和平”在這個故事中獲得的教訓是，有時候失控並不一定是壞事。最後我想告訴你們的是——你可以在網路上做得很好。如果你想在網路上成功，你得經得起一點失控。謝謝。
try something new for 30 days 小計劃幫你實現大目標
a few years ago, i felt like i was stuck in a rut, so i decided to followin the footsteps of the great american philosopher, morgan spurlock, and trysomething new for 30 days. the idea is actually pretty simple. think aboutsomething you’ve always wanted to add to your life and try it for the ne_t 30days. it turns out, 30 days is just about the right amount of time to add a newhabit or subtract a habit — like watching the news — from your life.
幾年前， 我感覺對老一套感到枯燥乏味，所以我決定追隨偉大的美國哲學家摩根·斯普爾洛克的腳步，嘗試做新事情30天。這個想法的確是非常簡單。考慮下，你常想在你生命中做的一些事情 接下來30天嘗試做這些。這就是，30天剛好是這麼一段合適的時間 去養成一個新的習慣或者改掉一個習慣——例如看新聞——在你生活中。
there’s a few things i learned while doing these 30-day challenges. thefirst was, instead of the months flying by, forgotten, the time was much morememorable. this was part of a challenge i did to take a picture everyday for amonth. and i remember e_actly where i was and what i was doing that day. i alsonoticed that as i started to do more and harder 30-day challenges, myself-confidence grew. i went from desk-dwelling computer nerd to the kind of guywho bikes to work — for fun. even last year, i ended up hiking up manjaro, the highest mountain in africa. i would never have been thatadventurous before i started my 30-day challenges.
當我在30天做這些挑戰性事情時，我學到以下一些事。第一件事是，取代了飛逝而過易被遺忘的歲月的是這段時間非常的更加令人難忘。挑戰的一部分是要一個月內每天我要去拍攝一張照片。我清楚地記得那一天我所處的位置我都在幹什麼。我也注意到隨著我開始做更多的，更難的30天裡具有挑戰性的事時，我自信心也增強了。我從一個臺式計算機宅男極客變成了一個愛騎自行車去工作的人——為了玩樂。甚至去年，我完成了在非洲最高山峰乞力馬扎羅山的遠足。在我開始這30天做挑戰性的事之前我從來沒有這樣熱愛冒險過。
i also figured out that if you really want something badly enough, you cando anything for 30 days. have you ever wanted to write a novel? every november,tens of thousands of people try to write their own 50,000 word novel fromscratch in 30 days. it turns out, all you have to do is write 1,667 words a dayfor a month. so i did. by the way, the secret is not to go to sleep until you’vewritten your words for the day. you might be sleep-deprived, but you’ll finishyour novel. now is my book the ne_t great american novel? no. i wrote it in amonth. it’s awful. but for the rest of my life, if i meet john hodgman at a tedparty, i don’t have to say, “i’m a computer scientist.” no, no, if i want to ican say, “i’m a novelist.”
我也認識到如果你真想一些槽糕透頂的事，你可以在30天裡做這些事。你曾想寫小說嗎?每年11月，數以萬計的人們在30天裡，從零起點嘗試寫他們自己的5萬字小說。這結果就是，你所要去做的事就是每天寫1667個字要寫一個月。所以我做到了。順便說一下，祕密在於除非在一天裡你已經寫完了1667個字，要不你就甭想睡覺。你可能被剝奪睡眠，但你將會完成你的小說。那麼我寫的書會是下一部偉大的美國小說嗎?不是的。我在一個月內寫完它。它看上去太可怕了。但在我的餘生，如果我在一個ted聚會上遇見約翰·霍奇曼，我不必開口說，“我是一個電腦科學家。”不，不會的，如果我願意我可以說，“我是一個小說家。”
(laughter)
(笑聲)
so here’s one last thing i’d like to mention. i learned that when i madesmall, sustainable changes, things i could keep doing, they were more likely tostick. there’s nothing wrong with big, crazy challenges. in fact, they’re a tonof fun. but they’re less likely to stick. when i gave up sugar for 30 days, day31 looked like this.
我這兒想提的最後一件事。當我做些小的、持續性的變化，我可以不斷嘗試做的事時，我學到我可以把它們更容易地堅持做下來。這和又大又瘋狂的具有挑戰性的事情無關。事實上，它們的樂趣無窮。但是，它們就不太可能堅持做下來。當我在30天裡拒絕吃糖果，31天后看上去就像這樣。
(laughter)
(笑聲)
so here’s my question to you: what are you waiting for? i guarantee you thene_t 30 days are going to pass whether you like it or not, so why not thinkabout something you have always wanted to try and give it a shot for the ne_t 30days.
所以我給大家提的問題是：大家還在等什麼呀?我保準大家在未來的30天定會經歷你喜歡或者不喜歡的事，那麼為什麼不考慮一些你常想做的嘗試並在未來30天裡試試給自己一個機會。
thanks.
謝謝。
(applause)
(掌聲)
長大以後，我只能奔跑，一邊失去，一邊在尋找，明天你好，即使含著淚微笑。——題記
青島一五年的第一場雪在一中校園裡紛飛，我獨自站在視窗望那“鵝毛”紛紛落落，心無感觸似是無稽之談，但是要我說出那其中的感觸，我只能笑而不語。不是一個人獨行慣了才獨自賞雪，只是認為唯有一人才能體會到一片雪花飄蕩在這萬千孤獨的迷茫。路漫漫，及行迷之未遠，歸。
喧鬧的環境伴隨著階梯教室那扇門開啟而漸漸平息。我望著一身材平平的男人向我們走來，在無盡的掌聲中向我們鞠躬，那瞬間我是木訥的，為什麼如此成功之人會這般謙遜，我眯起眼，妄想從其中汲取些許。身邊的朋友無一不被外籍校長抓住了眼球，而我的目光一直停留在他的身上未曾離去。隨著講座的開始，那段往事漸漸地浮現在我們的眼前。聽他講到那坎坷崎嶇的路程，我的眉頭不由緊皺，心也隨之觸痛。的確!誰能想象到一雙彈鋼琴的手竟然曾經承擔過這般的苦痛!董榮璨博士輕鬆的言語講述著他在外奔波的三十年，而那些經歷牽動著臺下的我們每一個人的心。還好，一切的一切都是有用的，他成為了偉大的作曲家，鋼琴家，藝術家，一個大寫的中國人!
崇敬在我的眼眶流露，只是隔著那遙遠的距離而無法傳達，那炙熱的情感流露無一不表達著我對他的敬仰之情!一曲現場創作像一股暖流湧向心頭，簡單的音符在他的手指下編織成婉轉、悠揚的曲子，飄到我們的心中飄到我們的靈魂裡!我的手指不由隨著節奏敲打著桌面，用心去感受其中的情感。一曲《梁祝》迴盪在耳旁，其中蘊含著的是三十多年的心血和汗水，滿滿的感情流露讓我的內心有所觸動，也許那天收穫的不僅僅是聽覺的盛宴，也是滿滿的內心感動。
臨近一五年的尾聲，忙忙碌碌的自己也似乎找到了目標。內心懷著那份信仰，馬不停蹄地走著。不做無庸的事，不做無庸的人。時光荏苒，卻沖刷不掉我內心懷揣的前進的激情;白駒過隙，只希望留下的是美好的回憶。懷揣著這份信念前進，讓我強忍住淚水，高昂著頭前進。我不畏艱難困苦，只望見了黎明的一縷曙光便會前行，那等待我的必定是我的信仰，在最後的最後，我們會相擁，擁抱明天!
我不是作曲家，無法用跳躍的音符譜寫深情;我不是鋼琴家，我不會用流暢的樂章流露傳情;我不是藝術家，無法用高階的美展現自己。但是我心懷理想又怎麼肯輕易折服?負面、消極的全都拋之腦後，趁現在，努力給自己“藝術人生”!
長大以後，我開始奔跑，即使含著淚微笑，但不遠處的斑斕星光在閃爍，那便是我的信念，明天你好!
人的一生在世間浮沉，難免會迷失方向、迷失自己。因而，能夠時刻正確認識自己，就顯得尤為重要。蘇格拉底曾說：“美德即知識，認識你自己。”這恰恰說明了，能夠正確認識自己，也是一種至高無上的美德。
有的時候，人們迷失了自己，只是無法找尋到自己真實的存在，不知道自己存在的意義和價值，因而對人生感到迷茫。這個時候，只需要繼續尋找，總能夠找到前進的方向。然而有的時候，人們迷失了自己之後，不去尋找真實的自己，反而把自己臆想成另一種存在，然後就以那種存在的姿態去繼續自己的人生。那種時候，人們就很難再找回自己，甚至會走上一條極端的不歸路。
就如同古代帝王，相信每一任帝王在登基之初都是想做一任明君造福百姓的。但是有的帝王會因為權慾薰心，真的把自己當成神，可以主宰終生，最終背離了自己的初衷。紂王要剖比干之心，厲王要“止謗”，連一代聖君唐太宗也差點殺掉勇於勸諫的魏徵。由此可見，不能正確認識自己的後果是多麼可怕。這也說明了，正確認識自己，有的時候幫助的甚至不僅僅是自己。
但是，在人生迷茫之後，還能正確認識自己，真的那麼困難嗎?
其實，正確認識自己，只需要自己足夠虛心，能夠聽取別人的意見和建議，有去正視自己和改過自新的勇氣便可。
齊王在聽了鄒忌的勸諫之後，立刻認識到自己的不足，下令改革。法國作家盧梭，他的《懺悔錄》是一部空前絕後的“靈魂自白書”，他在書中真實地記錄了他的一生，包括他曾做過小偷、拋棄摯友、嫁禍他人的種.種醜行。讀此《懺悔錄》時常令人感到觸目驚心，因為當他把自己剖析得體無完膚的時候，就是他真正認識自己、超越了自己的時候。
所以說，有的時候，正確認識自己，只需要自己思維的一個轉變，但就是這樣一個小小的轉變，帶來的影響卻可以是不可估量的。對於個人而言，正確認識自己可以幫助自己更好地發展，有時也可以造福身邊的人。而對於統治階級而言，正確認識自己，就可以造福整個國家，給整個社會帶去寧靜安樂。
人生來不就是為了找到自己真實的存在嗎?所以，正確認識自己吧。
親愛的同學們：
大家好!
今天我國旗下演講的題目是《健康飲食從我做起》。
每一家的健康與食品息息相關，隨著經濟社會不斷進步，人們飲食文化日益多樣化，食品衛生與安全成為備受關注的話題。
要健康飲食，就要做到以下幾點：
1.不購買街邊小吃或街邊小店的垃圾食品，去一些正規超市購買食物。
2.買所需食品時，要注意生產日期、保質期、QS生產許可標誌等等。
3.認準品牌購買，儘量買一些有品牌的食品。
4.少吃油炸食品及零食，多吃蔬菜水果等有營養的食品。
5.不買價格明顯過低的食品，不要貪小失大。
注意以上幾點，就大致能做到安全飲食了。俗話說：“民以食為天”。說得通俗一點就是人們每天要吃和喝，食物是人類賴以生存的物質。食品的質量決定了人類生命的質量。因此，食品必須是安全的並且有益健康的。
同時，也呼籲食品安全，關係你我他，但願生產者不再為食品安全臉紅，國人不再為食品安全擔心，國家不再為食品安全丟臉。現在，讓我們一起行動起來，杜絕有害食品，倡導綠色食品!希望同學們聽了我這次的講話後都健康飲食，健康地成長。
謝謝大家!
動物，它們是我們的朋友;動物，我們要保護它們;動物，也有尊嚴;動物;也有血有肉;動物，它跟我們一樣，也是一條生命啊。
人們常常捕殺那些可憐的小動物，在他們的腦子裡，只想著殺了他們賺錢，他們似乎已經喪失意志。如果我親眼看見他們捕殺動物，我會問他們：“難道他們沒有家人嗎?你沒有體驗過骨肉分離的滋味，你想過那是什麼滋味兒嗎?它們也有血有肉、它們也知道感恩，你想過在他們即將被你們殺死的時候，心裡會想些什麼嗎?你們不知道，有那麼多無辜的小動物經過你的手被殺死，難道他們有罪嗎?難道他們生下來就應該被殘害嗎?難道你們不該被遭報應嗎?
你們可以換位思考一下，假如你是一條無辜的小動物，在你生下來的那一刻，你親眼看見你的母親死於非命或你被那些人給殺害了，你們心裡會怎麼想?你們就會親身體驗到骨肉分離的滋味吧?既然你想到這些，你們就該好好反思反思，那些無辜的小生命就該死於你們這些心腸狠毒的人手裡嗎?就算它們該死，也輪不到你們動手。我不知道你們知不知道，那些小生命臨死之前會是什麼樣的神情?你們不知道，為什麼?因為你們沒血沒肉，你們殺了那麼多無辜的小動物，該死的人不是它們，而是你們，因為當你給它們東西的時候，他們會知道感恩。
也許你們會想，就是一條畜生，有什麼好值錢的?殺就殺唄，反正還能給我賺點錢，你們這樣想就錯了，不只錯，而且大錯特錯。對，他們雖然是畜生，它們好歹是條生命，對，它們雖不值錢，但它們不該死……
好啦，話不多說，我希望那些捕殺小動物的人，你們早一點改過自新，不然，你們早晚受到法律的制裁。
大家好!
讓我們來問自己一個問題，如果上天給你一次重新選擇的機會，你會願意做誰?是自己還是別人?
記得在國小的一節心理課上，我們的心理老師也這麼問過我們。當時我們都不假思索地寫在了紙上。統計結果是，全班30個人，29個人是願意做別人，只有1個人願意做自己。
為什麼不願意做自己?也許你覺得自己太過於平凡了，但是，萬物不都是這樣嗎?一棵小草是平凡的，它只是默默地生長，任人踐踏。野花是平凡的，也許它一直是個被忽略的角色，它比其他的花更不起眼，它沒有玫瑰的嬌豔，沒有百合的清香，也沒有玉蘭這般的高貴，可它同樣能開出屬於自己的一片天。平凡，不等於我們不可以創造自己的不平凡，平凡，不等於我們不幸福。幸福的人不一定願意做自己，但願意做自己的人一定很幸福。
既然知道我永遠是我，不可能是別人，那麼就快樂地做自己。做自己，本就是一種幸福!
大家好!
有位哲人說得好：如果你不能成為大道，那就當一條小路;如果你不能成為太陽，那就當一顆星星。決定成敗的不是尺寸的大小，而在於做一個的你。
也許你常常抱怨自己沒有怡人的相貌，沒有動人的歌喉，沒有驚人的壯舉，沒有驕人的成績，沒有……也許我們每個人都有自己無法實現的夢想，也許理想和現實總存在著差距。那麼，面對這些，你是無奈，是悲痛，還是積極進取?我想每一位有上進心的人都是不甘沉淪的。
再次回顧哲人那段話，我想，大道固然引人注目，但小路也自有小路的風味;太陽雖然被人高歌，受人關注，但哪一顆星星不是“太陽”?只不過它距離我們太遙遠罷了，而實際上，它或許比太陽更大，更亮。
總之，社會需要各種人才，每個人都有適合自己的位置。我們不必去追求那些遙不可及的夢想，只要做一個真實的、的你就可以了，不是嗎?
I grew up diagnosed as phobically shy,
我從小就有社交恐懼症
and like at least 20 other people in a room of this size,
這樣的空間 大約20人
I was a stutterer.
就能讓以前的我結巴語塞
Do you dare raise your hand?
更別提舉手了 根本不可能
And it sticks with us.
這種困擾如影隨形
It really does stick with us,
你走到哪 它就跟到哪
because when we are treated that way,
當大家對你的存在視若無睹
we feel invisible sometimes,
你會開始感覺自己是隱形人
or talked around and at.
而別人都在你背後竊竊私語
And as I started to look at people,
後來我仔細去觀察周遭的人
which is mostly all I did,
一直以來我都只敢默默觀察
I noticed that some people really wanted attention
然後發現有些人無法忍受被忽視
and recognition.
他們要得到大家的注意力和認同
Remember, I was young then.
當時我年輕、懵懂
So what did they do? What we still do perhaps too often?
渴望注意力的人會做什麼? 也許現在太多人在做一樣的事而不自知
We talk about ourselves.
他們談論的常常都是自己
And yet there are other people I observed who had what I called a mutualitymindset.
但另一批人就不同了 我說他們的人際關係 往往有一種“互相”的心態
In each situation, they found a way to talk about us and create that “us”idea.
無論什麼場合 他們的談話裡都會出現“我們”這個概念
So my idea to reimagine the world is to see it one where we all becomegreater opportunity-makers with and for others.
在我心目中的理想世界 每個人都能為自己和別人創造機會
There’s no greater opportunity or call for action for us now
就是現在 我們必須把握良機、採取行動
than to become opportunity-makers who use best talents together more oftenfor the greater good
多去整合各種才能 儘可能的利益他人
and accomplish things we couldn’t have done on our own.
一人做不到的 多人或許有辦法
And I want to talk to you about that,
這就是我今天的重點
cause even more than giving,
比單純給予
even more than giving,
施捨、捐贈更有影響力的
is the capacity for us to do something smarter together
就是人們學會集思廣益
for the greater good that lifts us both up
共同合作 創造雙贏局面
and that can scale.
其中的利益會一層層積累
That’s why I’m sitting here.
這是我今天演講的重點
But I also want to point something else out.
不過我還想說一件事
Each one of you is better than anybody else at something.
臺下的你必定在某些事上比其他人都拿手
That disproves that popular notion that if you’re the smartest person inthe room,
和那句名言“你絕不是這裡最厲害的人”
you’re in the wrong room.
恰恰相反
So let me tell you about a Hollywood party I went to a couple yearsback,
我在幾年前的一個好萊塢聚會上
and I met this up-and-coming actress,
遇見了位有潛力的女演員
and we were soon talking about something that we both felt passionatelyabout,
我們很快就找到共同話題-
public art.
公共藝術
And she had the fervent belief that every new building in Los Angeles
她堅信洛杉磯的每棟建築裡
should have public art in it. She wanted a regulation for it,
都應該有公共藝術 她想要一套專屬公共藝術的規範
and she fervently started,
所以她興忡忡的著手進行
What is here from Chicago?
這裡有誰是芝加哥人嗎?
She fervently started talking about these bean-shaped reflective sculpturesin Millennium Park,
她滔滔不絕的說著千禧公園裡的雲門雕塑
and people would walk up to it
人們好奇的上前一探究竟
and they’d smile in the reflection of it,
看著自己的映像微笑
and they’d pose and they’d vamp and they’d take selfies together
擺pose、讚歎、自拍留念
and they’d laugh.
然後笑成一團
And as she was talking, a thought came to my mind.
聽著聽著 我突然靈光乍現
I said, “I know someone you ought to meet.
我告訴她: “妳應該見見這個人
He’s getting out of San Quentin in a couple of weeks
再幾周他就要從聖昆丁州立監獄出來了
and he shares your fervent desire that art should engage and enable peopleto connect.”
他跟妳一樣 覺得藝術應該讓人有共鳴、激發想像力”
He spent five years in solitary,
他被單獨監禁了五年
and I met him because I gave a speech at San Quentin,
我因為在聖昆丁演講 而與他結識
and he’s articulate
他口條不錯
and he’s rather easy on the eyes
長的也不賴
because he’s buff. He had workout regime he did everyday.
因為他是條熱愛健身的漢子
I think she was following me at that point.
女演員大概還滿有興趣的
I said, “he’d be an une_pected ally.”
我又說: “他會是個得力助手”
And not just that. There’s James. He’s an architect
除了他之外 我把詹姆也拉進來 詹姆是建築師
and he’s a professor,
也是個教授
and he loves place-making, and place-making is when you have thosemini-plazas
他對地方營造很有興趣 外頭的小廣場、
and those urban walkways
城市人行道
and where they’re dotted with art,
任何有藝術點綴的地方 都屬於地方營造的範疇
where people draw and come up and talk sometimes.
許多人會在那兒畫畫、閒聊
I think they’d make good allies.
我想他們一定能合作無間
And indeed they were.
果真沒錯
They met together. They prepared.
他們碰面之後 就開始籌備
They spoke in front of the Lost Angeles City Council.
到洛杉磯市政府傳達訴求
And the council members not only passed the regulation,
結果市議員通過了他們訂的條例
half of them came down and asked to pose with them afterwards.
之後甚至半數議員還去與藝術品合影
They were startling, compelling and credible.
他們給人的印象是震懾、具說服力、可靠
You can’t buy that.
全都是用錢買不到的
What I’m asking you to consider is what kind of opportunity-makers we mightbecome,
希望各位想想自己能成為哪種機會製造者
because more than wealth
比財富、
or fancy titles
頭銜、
or a lot of contacts,
人脈更可觀的
it’s our capacity to connect around each other’s better side and bring itout.
是我們發掘他人優點的能力
And I’m not saying this is easy,
這一點都不容易
and I’m sure many of you have made the wrong moves too about who you wantedto connect with,
相信許多人都有找錯物件、牽錯線的經驗
but what I want to suggest is, this is an opportunity.
但畢竟都是個“機會”
I started thinking about it way back when I was a Wall Street Journalreporter and I was in Europe
這個領悟要從好幾年前說起 當時我在歐洲 擔任華爾街日報記者
and I was supposed to cover trends and trends that transcended business orpolitics or lifestyle.
採訪內容為時尚與流行 跨越商業、政治、生活型態隔閡的流行
So I had to have contacts in different worlds very different than mine,
因此得和背景截然不同的人打交道
because otherwise you couldn’t spot the trends.
否則就無法掌握潮流走向
And third, I had to write a story in a way stepping into the reader’sshoes,
寫故事時 還得設身處地為讀者想
they could see how these trends could affect their lives.
要讓他們覺得自己和這些潮流息息相關
That’s what opportunity-makers do.
這就是機會製造者的任務
And here’s a strange thing:
奇怪之處在於
Unlike an increasing number of Americans who are working and living andplaying with people who think e_actly like them
越來越多人工作、生活、娛樂都喜歡尋找與自己相似的人
because we then become more rigid and e_treme,
久而久之就變得挑剔、極端起來
opportunity-makers are actively seeking situations with people unlikethem,
機會製造者尋找與自己不相似的人
and they’re building relationships,
和他們建立關係
and because they do that,
這樣做的話
they have trusted relationships where they can bring the right team in
兩方之間就有互信 能在適當的時機介紹彼此適當的人
and recruit them to solve a problem better and faster and seize moreopportunities.
用更快、更好的方法解決問題 同時也抓住了更多機會
They’re not affronted by differences.
機會創造者不會被歧異冒犯
They’re fascinated by them,
反而深受吸引
and that is a huge shift in mindset,
這是心態上的極端不同
and once you feel it, you want it to happen a lot more.
你一旦意識到 就會為它的魅力著迷
This world is calling out for us to have a collective mindset,
和別人形成“共同體”才是王道
and I believe in doing that.
我個人深信
It’s especially important now.
攜手合作在這世代特別重要
Why is it important now?
為什麼呢?
Because things can be devised like drones
機器小幫手
and drugs and data collection,
藥物開發、資料收集
and they can be devised by more people.
都可以讓更多人蔘與其中
and cheaper ways for beneficial purposes
用更經濟的方式創造收益
and then, as we know from the news every day, they can be used fordangerous ones.
只是水能載舟 亦能覆舟 也可能被有心人士利用
It calls on us, each of us, to a higher calling.
這個理念非常需要大家的重視
But here’s the icing on the cake:
成為機會製造者是一箭雙鵰
It’s not just the first opportunity that you do with somebody else that’sprobably your greatest,
除了獲得和更高竿物件合作的機會
as an institution or an individual.
無論對於機構或個人來說
It’s after you’ve had that e_perience and you trust each other.
都是開啟了這扇門 建立信任後
It’s the une_pected things that you devise later on you never could havepredicted.
團隊合作帶來的驚人成果
For e_ample, Marty is the husband of that actress I mentioned,
麥迪是那位女演員的丈夫
and he watched them when they were practicing,
詹姆等三人排練時 他就在旁邊看
and he was soon talking to Wally, my friend the e_-con,
並很快和韋利聊開了 就是剛出獄的那位
about that e_ercise regime.
大概在聊健身吧?
And he thought, I have a set of racquetball courts.
麥迪心想: “我有個壁球館
That guy could teach it. A lot of people who work there are members at mycourts.
韋利可以來當教練 很多教練都是體育館的會員
They’re frequent travelers.
他們很常來我這邊
They could practice in their hotel room, no equipment provided.
旅館房間裡沒有裝置 也照樣能練習”
That’s how Wally got hired.
韋利就這樣得到了板球教練的工作
Not only that, years later he was also teaching racquetball.
幾年後他也開始教壁球學生
Years after that, he was teaching the racquetball teachers.
再過了幾年則是教壁球老師
What I’m suggesting is, when you connect with people
我想說的是 當你把周遭有相同興趣、
around a shared interest and action,
喜好的人圈在一塊
you’re accustomed to serendipitous things happening into the future,
就會逐漸適應隨之而來、意想不到的收穫
and I think that’s what we’re looking at.
我想這才是至關重要
We open ourselves up to those opportunities,
面對機會 我們敞開心胸
and in this room are key players and technology,
關鍵推手-這裡的你們 再加上科技
key players who are uniquely positioned to do this,
每個人各司其職 有自己的位置
to scale systems and projects together.
提升制度和計劃的整體價值
So here’s what I’m calling for you to do. Remember the three traits ofopportunity-makers.
我想拜託大家的 就是記得機會製造者的三項特質
Opportunity-makers keep honing their top strength
一、機會製造者不斷磨練自己專長
and they become pattern seekers.
開拓事物運作的新方式
They get involved in different worlds than their worlds
二、他們樂於接觸不同人的世界
so they’re trusted and they can see those patterns,
獲取信任 學習各種合作方式
and they communicate to connect around sweet spots of shared interest.
三、他們周旋於各方之間 讓參與的人都分一杯羹
So what I’m asking you is, the world is hungry.
我想說的是 人與人之間太缺乏連結
I truly believe, in my firsthand e_perience,
根據親身經驗 我相信
the world is hungry for us to unite together as opportunity-makers
這世界很需要機會製造者
and to emulate those behaviors as so many of you already do, I know thatfirsthand,
可能臺下的你已經是其中之一 大家都應該效仿機會製造者
and to reimagine a world where we use our best talents together
重塑我們的世界 融合各領域人才
more often to accomplish greater thing together than we could on ourown.
一人不能做的事 藉由合作來完成
Just remember,
請把這句話放在心上
as Dave Liniger once said,
大衛˙林傑說過
“You can’t succeed coming to the potluck with only a fork.”
“只帶一隻叉子就來百樂餐的人 永遠無法成功”(注: 後衍伸為商業成長需要集體合作、貢獻)
Thank you very much.
謝謝大家
Thank you.
謝謝。
“讓我們的笑容充滿著青春的驕傲”在我的風雨中飄過。在七年級上學期，因為惜寸陰，伶分陰，帶來了許許多多的歡樂和充足。那是一個雨下的瘋狂的下午，從飯堂到宿舍有一條擁擠卻可以免受雨洗禮的走廊，從飯堂到宿舍還有一條要經過籃球場但要被淋成落湯雞的雨路。在我的眼中，好像要在慌忙的情況下選擇人生的道路。在和同桌面面相覷的同時，我似乎聽到“玉山白雪飄零燃燒少年的心”的歌聲，縱然我像一隻飛起來的風箏和我的同伴在下著雨的藍天中飛翔，看著雨中的彩虹。雨打著嬌嫩的肩膀，身後是同學的驚訝。現在回眸當時的清爽，是難以從聲帶裡發出的感受，當時頭髮飛揚著青春，意蘊著明日的美好，在國小是找不到的，我想在大學就更難以尋覓了。這就是國中生與國小生的不一般。青春的綵帶圍繞著著我，陪伴著我的飛翔。“唱出你的熱情，伸出你雙手，讓我擁抱著你的夢”呵，擁抱著我的夢!我擁有青春的驕傲，我擁抱我的夢!
雖然走過的路不長，雖然還沒走的路漫長，雖然這是過去的記憶。但是留下的痕跡是那般的深，但是前面風景是如此的多嬌，但是我可以把握現在。“春風不解風情，吹動少年的心，昨日臉上的淚痕隨記憶風乾了”。
“讓我們的笑容充滿著青春的驕傲，青春的驕傲，讓我們期待明天會更好”
有著麼一首陪伴自己的歌，它的歌聲被融入在生活中，融入在我的國中的天空，引著我飛翔，看雨中的彩虹。讓我們期待明天會更好!即使飛渡了歲月的河山，它卻永永遠遠地引導著我：
明天會更好!
每個人至少擁有一個夢想，有一個理由去堅強，心若沒有了棲息的地方，到哪裡都是在流浪。水之一方，沒有了昨天，今天，明天;海之一角，沒有了前世，今生，來生;所思所議在剎那間全部盛開，又凋落…捧起時間的潮汐，埋葬以前的心願，期待著明天會更好，至少我們會變得成熟了，感知到這個世界在微妙的變動。時間散落在平靜的心湖中，蕩起陣陣漣漪，一圈圈的希冀，勾勒出我們的人生藍圖。
不知明天會怎樣?或許風和日麗，或許陰雨綿綿，亦或許狂風怒卷。但我們還是期待這它的到來，期待它給我們帶來驚喜，人生就是由無數的未知構成。它猶如舞臺上的一齣戲，不同的是，在人生的舞臺上演出是沒有彩排的。
卡耐基說過：It'syourtakingpartinginthelifeandtheactionsbutnotyouroutcomethatcounts.沒有凝固的生命，沒有亙古的荒原，只要我們滿懷期待，擁有夢想，任何的消沉都會綻放瑰麗的神奇，在沒有色彩的地方創造色彩，在沒有聲音的地方創造聲音，在沒有奇蹟的地方創造奇蹟。
明天，真的會更好。
大家好!
有句話說：世界上沒有兩片完全相同的樹葉。更沒有相同的兩個人，我們不能拿普遍的眼光憑某件事看待每個人，而當我們被錯誤的認識時，就要調整自己的心態——做自己。
有句話說得好：走自己的路，讓別人說去吧!我們生在當下，不可能讓每個人贊同自己，別人對你提的建議而並非完全適合你，此時就需要自己端正心態，明確自己的路，堅定不移的走下去。李娜在取得法網冠軍後長期低迷，被眾人評議為曇花一現，劉翔在20__年奧運年會上因一個轉身使13億中國人民惋惜，當聽到劉翔退賽的訊息時，不知有多少人為之譁然。難道他們真像眾人所說的不堪一擊嗎?如果是，那就不會有20__年7連勝的佳績，那就不會有尤金賽中12秒87的世界紀錄，他們也有沮喪，但更多的是奮起，是努力造就一個新的自己。
一個蘋果，有人說它甜，有人說他酸。我們不能避免被別人評論，我們不能，但我們可以更好。
我們只想完成自己的心願，我們要做的是努力，付出。而不是別人嘴上說的自己，因為我們只想做自己，只能做自己。
時間，白駒過隙的一瞬，看著窗外‘新世紀’酒店放的煙花，才真正的明白了元旦已經來臨，歲月敲響了新的一年的大門。或許在給這文章落款時，我已踏進了20__。
生命輪迴的影子，錯過、不能錯過的瞬間不斷交織，最終消逝在冗長的遂道里，被風化，隨時間曲折散去。人的一生又有多長，粗略一算，大概緊有的兩萬多天的時日，而我們一半的時間又在睡夢之中，剩下的，才能讓我們自由得支配，或揮霍，或好好珍惜每一天。有人感慨時間的傖促，有人抱怨生命的短暫，還有人醉生夢死，將時間看待凝滯，於是產生了矛盾，對立與統一的結合。兩點論告訴我們，在研究事物發展過程中，我們要看到主要矛盾和次要矛盾，要看到矛盾的主要方面和次要方面;重點論要我們在研究複雜事物發展過程中，要著重把握主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面。人這輩子就這麼個理兒，調動你的主觀能動性來看待你的人生。
昨天是諸葛祥星的生日，同學唱了首歌《明天會更好》。輕輕敲醒沉睡的心靈、看看忙碌的世界依然孤獨的轉個不停。唱出我們的熱情，讓我們的笑容充滿著青春的驕傲，去期待著明天會更好。曾幾何時，我們放飛夢想，讓它插上翅膀，飛到很遠的地方;曾幾何時，我們播種下希望，用執著的滿腔熱忱去澆灌它成長…年輕的理想似蝸牛在晨曦中蜿蜒，心裡明明藏著另一方淨土，卻不明白怎會風化成只有宋詞的哀嘆。
幸福是平等的，幸福是無價的，幸福是珍貴的，幸福是每個人都擁有的。
有人會認為幸福就是有錢、有勢、有地位，無錢無勢無地位就是不幸福。但誰知道幸福就在我們身邊。如果你和以上人的觀點一樣，那你就太低俗了。
每天回到家，家不是冷冷清清而是有人做好熱騰騰的飯菜等你，這就是幸福。每天的說平平淡淡的，不出任何意外，這就是幸福。每月都有一定的工資，這就是幸福。親朋好友連同自己身體健康、平安，這就是幸福。每天早上醒來，發現自己還活著，這就是幸福。
幸福不是你有錢有勢有地位就可以得到的，也不是你費盡心思就可以得到的，它就在你身邊一直沒走遠。
幸福很簡單，只是吃飽喝足穿暖有地方住。不要對幸福奢望太多，屬於你的幸福就在你身邊。“鞋合不合腳，只有腳知道。”這和幸不幸福是同一個道理，也許別人看你不幸福，你卻十分幸福。不要盲目追求別人的幸福，到頭來只會“竹籃子打水—一場空。”就連原本屬於自己的幸福也會失去。
所以珍惜你的幸福吧，每個人的幸福都很簡單。
大家好!我今天演講的題目是《青春》。
青春如行雲流水，淌指而過，抓不住也握不穩，因此青春也顯得格外珍貴，容不得半點浪費，但親愛的朋友，請不必感嘆青春的柔弱易逝，她是如此富有生機與精彩。她能夠支援你站穩崗位，負好己責，拼搏出你要的生活。那麼正值青春的我們，就應該乘青春正值旺季，草長鶯飛之時，懷揣著激情，勇敢的面對生活，燃放自己，用流逝的青春去換一個我們要的明天。
還記得剛來到大學的日子嗎?想起來，不遠，仿似昨天，可細細想下來，又覺得是好遠，好像已經是好遠的好久以前了。回味這一路走來，有大學聯考後自己汗水沒有白流的欣慰，有考入大學時的興奮，有離開家遇見她們的悸動。當然，也有過難過與失意，或者悲傷和失落，因為學校的小道沒有林蔭，食堂大媽的手藝不合我們的胃口，教室桌椅的坐著不舒服等等。可是隨著我們攜手上課下課，吃飯玩耍，開開玩笑間，多出來的胡茬也悄悄的留下了歲月的痕跡的兩年裡，逝去的青春，我們漸漸熟悉，擁有了熟悉的笑臉，親切的言語，可以曰人，可以曰家，可以曰天下。慢慢的那些細小的不滿與失意也盡然被圖書館裡的書香掩蓋，翻閱一頁頁間，學習充滿了我們青春的每一個角落。看似如此簡單，瑣碎，卻也無不在努力勾勒出我們多姿多彩的青春。
此時，那些流年裡的光景也忽隱忽現得很好看。原來擁有青春的我們是如此富有，因為年輕，就有資本，我們用來投資明天，投資下一個屬於美好的自己。想著夢想，踐行著一步兩步，越走越遠。放棄了叫囂，學會了低頭。放低了身段，學會了靜修。看清自己要走的道路，研修我們要有的專業。裝幾本書，壓壓包，穿行於向左向右的知識之路，緊緊的身影，只因追求學海的博大。握幾隻筆，彎彎手，畫擺於朝裡朝外的錦繡藍圖，沙沙的響聲，只為設計美好的明天。沒有花前月下的甜蜜，也不羨慕牡丹花下的香醉，儘管單調，但卻不會在等到將來有一天，青春一到用時方恨曾經虛度。我們青春，我們簡單，我們過季時間，純釀出自己的舞酒。
親愛的朋友們，不可否認我們都迷茫過。因為這因為那，放縱過、難過過、衝突過、生氣過、莫名過，可是在每一個夜晚過後，新的一天又如約而至，又有一天的時間來改變改善，那麼我們還有什麼理由繼續生氣、放縱…以至於浪費我們如此珍貴的青春。青春是短暫的，但是就是再短暫的時光也沒有藉口在我們的生命裡虛度。我們要盡青春之力，負生命之責，付出自己，饋贈給予，收穫人生財富，留著在以後的歲月給我們成長和成熟提供一個契機。那麼同學，如果你還在迷茫，拋棄迷茫吧，把握人生的航向，牢記勤字當頭，不懈搖槳，搏擊濤海大浪，泛舟人生。用我們的青春和生命奏響時代的強音，用我們的聰明和勇氣揚起理想的風帆，開啟成功的閥門，讓美好的下一刻順流而來，繪畫出人生精彩的篇章。
我的演講完了，謝謝!
親愛的同學們：
大家好!
我今天演講的主題是“關注食品安全”。
隨著中國社會經濟的快速發展和人民生活水平的提高，人們越來越重視健康和食品安全，尤其是“__”奶粉等食品安全事件的發生，這也引起了人們的關注。
給我們敲響了安全的警鐘，“食品安全”已成為與國民健康，社會穩定，經濟發展和市場繁榮相關的重要因素。
對於我們每個同學來說，學習和了解相關的食品衛生知識，養成良好的飲食習慣，提高自我保護意識，抵制劣質食品的誘惑是非常必要和實際的。
但我們經常看到一些學生在校園的雜貨店，餐館甚至小攤子前，一些學生在購買、食用價廉質次的食品。那麼，你瞭解這些看似誘人和便宜的食物背後的危險嗎?
據衛生監督部門的技術人員介紹，由於學生的零用錢相對有限，大多數這些經營者“便宜進便宜出”，採取購買一些“三無”產品的原則，大多數食品是基於顏料和糖精。在這裡我建議學生：
1.建立食品安全概念，瞭解食品安全知識，增強自我保護能力。購買食品時，應選擇常規的大型購物中心和超市。購買食品時，應儘量選擇一些知名品牌。同時，我們必須注意食品包裝上是否有製造商，生產日期以及保質期是否已過。
如果你在小商店購買食品，你必須看好製造商，生產日期，保質期，注意包裝袋是否損壞。無生產許可證和qs徽標的食品不能購買或食用。
2.養成良好的飲食觀念。不食用流動攤點的小吃、零食等，自覺抵制，三無食物，劣質食品，學生在學校儘可能在學校食堂吃飯。
3.養成健康的飲食習慣。不挑食，不偏食，一日三餐，定時定量，不暴飲暴食。帶上自己的杯子，多喝開水。事實上，開水是的飲料。
有些飲料含有防腐劑，色素等，經常飲用不利於年輕學生的健康。
老師，同學們，食品安全都是不小的事，“病從口入”重預防。如今，已進入春天的季節萬物復甦，各種細菌正在悄然滋生和迅速傳播。
讓我們自覺行動，注重食品安全，重視“問題食品”對身體健康和青少年成長的危害，遠離“問題食品”和“不合格食品”，不斷提高我們的食品安全意識。自我保護意識，為構建平安和諧、健康向上的校園環境而不懈努力!
謝謝大家!
少年pi的全名叫：派西尼。莫利托。帕特爾，方便起見，就叫他派好了。
派是一個從小生活在動物園的孩子，一次，為了搬去加拿大，派一家與動物們登上了開往大洋彼岸的貨船“齊姆楚姆號”。
天有不測風雲，在一個風雨交加的早晨，船沉了。睡夢中的人們還不知道發生了什麼，就沉入了這蔚藍色的海洋。只有派與一隻斑馬，一隻紅猩猩，一隻鬣狗，還有一隻名叫理查德。帕克的成年孟加拉虎乘上了救生艇，
弱肉強食的生存法則毫不意外地在這裡被印證。
一艘小小的救生艇自然無法滿足他們的生存需求，所以自然而然的，鬣狗吃掉了斑馬與紅猩猩，有被老虎吃掉。只剩下派與理查德。帕克了。
我本以為派也會被老虎吃掉，之後老虎死於缺水，在之後全劇終。可看著剩下200多頁紙的厚度，我便打消了這可笑的念頭。
不出所料，奇蹟發生了。
派與這隻孟加拉虎，在這條長僅26英尺的小艇上和諧共存了幾個月，直至獲救。
看到這裡，我不得不對派肅然起敬。他是如此的勇敢，堅強。換做是我，或許早就因老虎的利爪或缺水而死了，但他卻能用自己僅有的一切，與一隻老虎在一望無邊的太平洋上共存，這需要多麼強烈的求生意志，多麼強大的自信心啊!
在對比一下自己，整日無所事事，得過且過，無抱負無追求，為什麼派可以超越自己的極限?我想，是壓力的緣故吧。
派的壓力來自於死亡，為了生存下來，他可以發揮出自己的全部潛質，是死亡的壓力拯救了他。
而我的壓力主要來自父母和老師。只要成績有些進步，就可以說失去了壓力，一個失去壓力的人一定不會有什麼大成就，因為壓力就像燃油，是我們前進時不可缺少的動力。沒有了動力，我們只能停下，倒退，最終被淘汰。
有壓力是好事，但也要適度。就像汽車超速了會被罰款，壓力過大了，也會使我們不負重擔。只有適當的壓力加上燦爛的微笑，美好的未來才會向我們揮手。
所以，朋友們，讓我們用雙手去擁抱這可愛的壓力吧。
無壓力，不動力!
尊敬的老師、同學們：
大家好!
社會是一個變化萬千的群體，要想跟上社會的腳步，需要進行適當的改變，以便更好的和社會融合在一起。
改變環境不如改變自己。社會是個包羅永珍、千奇百怪的群體。周圍的環境一旦形成就很難用自己的力量去變改。所以我們應該去試著改變自己。一位老者曾對自己的弟子說他擁有移山的本事，只要說“山過來”，山就會自己過來，於是他當著弟子們的面對前面的山說“山過來”，但是山卻絲毫未動，對此老者並沒有顯得很尷尬，他說道：“既然山不會過來，那麼我們就向它靠近吧。”環境不會因一個人而改變，所以你要努力適應。托爾斯泰說過：“世界上有兩種人，一種是行動者，一種是觀望著。很多人都想著要改變世界，卻從未想過改變自己。”可見，改變自己，才能與環境更好融合。
改變別人不如改變自己。每個人都有自己的優點和缺點，所以才會存在妒忌和看不慣，但是我們無法讓別人改變他的缺點和優點，所以我們要改變自己，讓自己學會欣賞和包容。
一位老師總是抱怨班上有很多調皮的孩子上課不聽講，教導之後也屢教不改，很是苦惱，她經常想盡辦法想要改變那些調皮的孩子，這時另一個老師說：“孩子們不聽課也許是老師口才不好，講課的魅力不夠大，所以孩子們對老師的課興趣不濃。好好改變一下自己吧。”於是老師開始努力改變自己，改變上課的形式，很快孩子們不再調皮了。改變別人不如改變自己，地球不會因一個人而轉，當一根手指指向別人的時候，其他四根手指都指向自己，就算錯的不是自己，那也應該檢討為什麼別人會那麼對我，從而改變自己，學會包容欣賞。
改變自己。雖然我們不能改變天氣的惡劣，但我們能改變自己的心情;雖然我們不能改變自己的生命的長短，但是我們能改變自己生命的價值。有些事情無法改變事實，但是我們能改變自己。下定決心改變自己吧，我們將擁有的是改變後的變化。
走進幸福的天堂!let’s go!
我：“鍾老師，您幸福麼?”當我問鍾老師這個問題的時候，老師感到驚訝，說：“我當然幸福啦!”“那你最大的幸福是什麼呀?”我問。鍾老師想了一會兒說：“嗯......是可以幹自己想幹的事，沒有人阻攔我。而且要對自己有益，對別人有益那才幸福呢。”
校醫卻對我說： “沒有人來看病，整天清閒著就幸福了。”但我覺得校醫是在說笑吧，哪有作為一個醫生不想救死扶傷呢?
舞蹈老師說：“能讓我教過的學生都能夠不斷進步，那就是我的幸福了。
廚房叔叔說：“我不知道。” 班長說：“對不起，我不接受採訪。” 吳芃淨：“我......跟你一樣。”
我不懂，為什麼我在問大人時，他(她)們都會狂笑不止，而我在問同學時，同學們就不願意回答。
鍾老師的幸福是因為可以做對自己、別人有益的事。舞蹈老師的幸福是自己教過的學生都能夠不斷進步。她們都是一個好老師，都在為別人付出。
老師們!你們經歷過苦難，但你們都能感到幸福。那我就更加不用說了。
我幸福，因為我生活在幸福中。
一次，我和阿姨坐公交車去天虹購物。在公交車上，有一個老奶奶上車了，可車上沒座位了。我看到旁邊有一個牌子，上面寫：請給老人讓座。老師也講過，要給老人讓座。於是，我讓老奶奶坐在我的座位上。老奶奶說：“謝謝你!”一個姐姐看見了，讓我坐在她的座位上。可見，我們人之間是有愛、是有幸福的。
其實,幸福很簡單,它時時刻刻地陪在我們身邊!
付出是一種幸福。彼此牽手同行，難免磕碰，重要的是要珍惜愛與付出。
擁有是一種幸福。你有很多東西，難道你不會感到幸福麼?
批評是一種幸福。老師和家長批評你,是因為他(她)們關心你。不然,他們怎麼會批評你呢?所以,你被批評時,應該高興呀!
被攻擊,被妒忌是一種幸福.因為你有值得被妒忌和攻擊的資格。
被出賣是一種幸福。它讓你看清楚誰是你真正的朋友。
失望是一種幸福。因為有盼望,才會有失望。有了盼望,就有了追求,有了追求,就有了幸福。
許多人認為有錢就是幸福，因為金錢可以買到很多自己想要的東西。不過，我認為有金錢並不一定就能得到幸福!因為金錢買不到親情，買不到真誠。
我們如果不能察覺自己的幸福，是因為還不懂的幸福的含義，不懂得感激生活，寬容待人。
幸福不一定需要有很多錢，一家人能相親相愛，朋友間能真誠相待，就是幸福。有時，一句貼心的話兒，一個感人的動作，那也是幸福。
幸福並不遙遠，只要我們用心感受，它就在我們身邊，可遇可求。
敬愛的老師，親愛的同學：
每一天清晨太陽都會從東邊升起，到了傍晚就會從西邊落下，這個沒有任何一個人能夠改變，同樣我們沒法讓時間停止，也沒不可能讓別人怎摸樣，唯一能改變的，僅有自己!
小的時候，我總會問別人這樣一個問題：你覺得我好不好，那莫在你心中我排第幾呢?尤其是對自己親近的人，如果他們的回答讓我不高興的話，我總會很生氣很生氣，下意識的覺得他們不喜歡我，所以就拼命的讓他們改變看法，誰出我滿意的答案!並且讓他們都也必須要為我而改變，否則我會很難過的!
此刻想起來的確是可笑至極了，可是在今日我仍會向好朋友問這樣的問題。
可是國中畢竟不是以前了，漸漸的我和身邊的同學變得很疏遠，無論是男生還是女生，無論是班裡的同學還是年級裡面的，關係都不是很好，那種感覺真的好難受，我想哭，可是卻不敢。
我不明白為什末，我無力去對別人說你應當，你必須之類的話了。
不明白為什末，一霎那間我忽然懂得了什莫，我想要求自己做些深末。可能是因為此刻的環境吧，我不再在乎別人的看法，只做自己而已。
我以往無數次的想過要改變自己，可是好像都失敗了，我不想明白原因，只想做我自己，所以此刻的我不再在乎別人的看法，已經不再在乎很多事情了，我不明白這算不算改變，如果是的話，那末是變好還是壞!
可是我清楚的體會到此刻的生活比以前簡便很多，趣味很多。
是啊，即使很多人都認為江山易改本性難移，可是改變自己還是比改變別人要容易得多吖!
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