進銀行?還是先看看人家英語筆試的難度吧，心裡好有個譜
recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people's physical or psychological health. what are positive ions?well，the air is full of ions，electrically charged particles，and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. but sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. this happens naturally before thunderstorm，earthquakes when winds such as the mistral，hamsin or sharav are blowing in certain countries. or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres，or from tv sets，duplicators or computer display screens.
when a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches，fatigue，irritability，and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. animals are also affected，particularly before earthquakes，snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation，rats to flee from their burrows，dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. this has led the us geographical survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as california.
conversely，when large numbers of negative ions are present，then people have a feeling of well-being. natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea，close to waterfalls or fountains，or in any place where water is sprayed，or forms a spray. this probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea， or in the mountains with tumbling streams or
to increase the supply of negative ions indoors，some scientists recommend the use of ionisers：small portable machines，which generate negative ions. they claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. of course，there are the detractors，other scientists，who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves，or on others，of a negative rich or poor environment. after all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.
引用
effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?
think they are insane.
feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.
become violently sick.
are too tired to do anything.
accordance with the passage，static electricity can be caused by___.
g home-made electrical goods.
ing clothes made of natural materials.
ing on artificial floor coverings.
ing tv programs on a computer.
3.a high negative ion count is likely to be found___.
a pound with a water pump.
e to a slow-flowing river.
in some barren mountains.
a rotating water sprinkler.
kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?
-conditioners.
ust-fans
um pumps.
scientists believe that___.
hing animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.
unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.
her watching nor using seismographs is reliable.
hquake
【答案】bcdaa
we all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours’wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
the question is no mere academic one. the ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. it normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12:00 midnight to 8:00 a.m. one week, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. the next, and 4:00p.m. to 12:00 midnight the third and so on. this means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
the only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. an interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by brown in 1957. she found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
this latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. one way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. people engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work, the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. so far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice. (445 words)
引用
1. the main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in _______.
a. the disturbance of the daily cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently
b. the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation
c. the fact that people working at night are often less effective
d. the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers
2. the best solution to implementing the 24-hour working system seems ________.
a. to employ people who work on night shifts only
b. to create better living conditions for night workers
c. to change shifts at longer intervals
d. to have longer shifts
3. which of the following statements is not true?
a. body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker’s performance.
b. the employment of permanent night shift workers seems to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.
c. taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.
d. disturbed sleep occurs more frequently among shift workers.
4. it is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because ________.
a. body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates
b. body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back
c. the temperature reverses when the routine is changed.
d. people have higher temperature when they are working efficiently.
5. the phrase “coincide with”(line 3, para.1) could best be replaced by _______.
a. take place
b. agree with
c. accord to
d. take up
[答案]
1. b 推理引申題。第二段中提到人適應新習慣需要五天到一個禮拜的時間，但事實是工人的正常生活節奏經常處於被擾亂的狀態，使工作和睡眠效率不佳。所以，正確考試*大答案為b。
2. a 事實細節題。根據第三段第一句“the only real solution appears…night workers”
3. a 事實細節題。最後一段提到“…by taking body temperature…can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine”。
4. c 推理引申題。最後一段指出體溫與人處於醒著的狀態還是睡眠狀態的關係，只有c與原文相符。
5. b 詞意猜測題。意思是“與……一致”。
with the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the united states today is the death penalty. many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威懾) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
the principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, which is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.
in our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. but some are more extreme than others.
for example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. while it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.
the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. but the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. for example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in california, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. the sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence. it is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. if the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed, innocent people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. this is literally a life or death matter. the lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.
52. the principal purpose of this passage is to .
a) speak for the majority b) initiate a veto
c) criticize the government d) argue for the value of the death penalty
53. the author’s response to those who urge the death penalty for all is likely to be .
a) negative b) friendly c) supportive d) hostile
54. according to the paragraph 4, it can be inferred that .
a) the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the united states today
b) the second type of murderers should be sentenced to death
c) the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance
d) the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated
55. the passage attempts to establish a relationship between .
a) the murder rate and the imposition of the death penalty
b) the effects of execution and the effects of isolation
c) the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty
d) executions and murders
56. the author’s attitude towards “death penalty” is .
a) opposing b) supporting c) neutral d) sarcastic
passage two
questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
one positive consequence of our current national crisis may be at least a temporary shadow in hollywood’s culture of violence. fearful of offending audiences in the wake of the terrorist attack, some moviemakers have postponed the release of film with terrorist themes. television writers are delaying scripts with warlike and terrorist scenarios (劇本提綱) is probably good thinking. my local video store tells me nobody is checking out “disaster” movies. says the manager, “currently, people want comedy. they want an escape from stories about violence and terrorism.” similarly, in the music business, there’s a run on patriotic and inspirational tapes and cds.
according to the new york times, the self scrutiny among these czars (特權人物) of mass-entertainment taste is unprecedented in scale, sweeping aside hundreds of millions of dollars in projects that no longer seem appropriate. a reasonable concern is that this might be a short term phenomenon. once life returns to something more normal, will hollywood return to its bad old ways? the times offers a glimmer of hope. the industry’s titans (巨頭),it suggests, are struggling with much more difficulties, long range questions of what the public will want once the initial shock from the terrorist attacks wears off. many in the industry admit they do not know where the boundaries of taste and consumer tolerance now lie.
this is an opportunity for some of us to suggest to hollywood where that boundary of consumer tolerance is, especially those of us who have not yet convinced hollywood to cease its descent into ever lower of the dumbness of our young.
the nonprofit parents television council, which monitors the quality of tv programming, says in its latest report that today’s tv shows are more laced than ever with vulgarities, sexual immorality, crudities, violence, and foul language. the traditional family hour between 9p.m., when the networks used to offer programs for the entire family, has disappeared. the problem looks like it will get worse.
that certainly looked to be the case before the sept.11th assault. one pre attack new york times story reported that tv producers were crusading (討伐) for scripts that include every crude word imaginable. the struggles between net-work censors and producers, according to the report, were “growing more intense”. producers like aaron sorkin of “the west wing” planned to keep pushing hard. he was quoted as saying,“there’s absolutely no reason why we can’t use the language of adulthood in programs that are about adults”.
my guess is that a lot of adults don’t use the language mr. sorkin wants to use, and don’t enjoy having their children hear it. at this moment of crisis in our nation’s history, thought has become more thoughtful, prayerful, and spiritual. it may be the time to tell the entertainment industry that we want not a temporary pause in the flow of tastelessness, but a long term clean-up.
57. some filmmakers hesitate to release new films with violent content because .
a) they want to show themselves to be patriots
b) they are afraid such films may anger audiences
c) films with violence in them are no longer popu1ar
d) films with terrorist themes are reflections on violence.
58. the “self-scrutiny” in the second paragraph refers to filmmakers attempt to .
a) produce appropriate films with no violent content for the audiences
b) prevent themselves from slipping into their old bad ways
c) understand to what extent their films have contributed to the national crisis
d) find out where the boundaries of taste and consumer tolerance lie
59. the author thinks that it is time for the general audience to .
a) tell filmmakers where the boundaries of their taste lie
b) point out to hollywood how bad their films are
c) accuse the filmmakers of desensitizing their children
d) ask filmmakers to make films that reflect traditional family life
60. which of the following statements is true about aaron sorkin?
a) he is strongly against using crude language in films.
b) he starts the struggles between network censors and producer.
c) he insists no restraint be set to the language used in films.
d) he believes that it is time to clean up the entertainment industry.
61. the author’s purpose in writing this passage is .
a) to acknowledge the current practice of the entertainment industry
b) to show his admiration for the current practice of the entertainment industry
c) to accuse the entertainment industry of their current practice
d) to show tolerance of the current practice of the entertainment industry
52. d)。【定位】 由題幹principal purpose of this passage is定位到全文內容。【解析】 主旨題。從整篇看，作者是在為實行死刑爭辯，因此選d)。【避錯指導】a)“為多數人辯護”、b)“行使否決權”和c)“指責政府”均不是文章主旨。
53. a)。【定位】 由題幹author’s response to those who urge the death penalty定位到原文第四段第一句for example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher.【解析】 推斷題。在第四段中，作者認為謀殺案情況不同，還有相對程度之分。他把謀殺分為兩類：一類是在盛怒之下殺人，另一類是有預謀的特別殘忍的謀殺。他認為前一種殺人犯可以把他們與社會隔離起來，不一定要處以極刑。所以說作者並不贊成把所有殺人犯都處以死刑，因此a)是正確答案。【避錯指導】 b)“友好的”和c)“支援的”顯然是不對的;作者對把所有殺人犯都處以死刑只是不贊成，而不是懷有“敵意”，因此d)也不對。
54. b)。【定位】 由題幹定位到原文第四段。【解析】 推斷題。第四段最後一句說，雖然我們可以爭論有關“第一種案例中的罪犯只應該隔離於社會”這樣的宣判，但是後一種殺人犯的結局不應該是這樣的。即：後一種殺人犯不應該只隔離於社會，言外之意要判死刑。因而b)是正確選項。【避錯指導】 a)認為死刑問題是當今美國最具爭議的問題，可文章第一句話“with the possible exception of equal rights,”除了平等的權利之外，說明死刑排在第二位，a)錯誤;c)文章結尾講到“如果恢復死刑的法案被否決，無辜的人們將被謀殺——如果執行死刑，一些人的生命就可能被挽救。確切地說來，這是一個是生還是死的問題。成千上萬無辜者的生命必須得到保護。”那麼不能說否決(veto)是不重要的,所以c)錯誤;d)原文就是在討論這個問題，不能說是“無爭議的”。因此d)錯誤。
55. a)。【定位】 由題幹attempts to establish a relationship between定位到原文最後一段倒數第四句it is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers.【解析】 推斷題。作者在文章最後一段花了很大篇幅講謀殺率與施行死刑的關係，結合倒數第四句可知，a)是正確選項。【避錯指導】文章沒有談到平等權利和死刑之間的關係，因此c)不可能是正確答案;執行死刑與謀殺之間似乎有點關係，但文章中並沒有專門談到執行死刑的問題，因此d)也不對;文章雖然提到了執行死刑的作用問題，但沒有提及隔離的作用問題，更沒有講到兩者之間的關係，因此b)也應被排除。
56. b)。【定位】 由題乾的the author’s attitude towards“death penalty”定位於全文。【解析】 態度題。作者開篇指出公眾對待死刑的一些看法，有正面的，也有負面的，但字裡行間透露著對死刑的辯護。由最後一段最後一句this is literally a life or death matter. the lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.可進一步確定，作者是在為實行死刑辯護，因此b)是正確的。【避錯指導】a)“反對的”;c)“中立的”和d)“諷刺的”均不是作者的態度。
passage two
美國遭受恐怖襲擊後，好萊塢電影所推崇的暴力文化被投下了陰影。《紐約時報》報道電影巨頭們對大眾娛樂的品味進行了史無前例的自我分析。文章末尾作者指出在國家處於這樣危急的歷史時刻,人們比以前更虔誠地關注、思考精神與思想的問題。也許的確到了該徹底長期整頓電影的時候了,而不是像現在一樣只是暫時停止製作品味極低的電影。
57. b )。【定位】 由題幹filmmakers hesitate to release new films定位到原文第一段第二句fearful of offending audiences in the wake of the terrorist attack,some moviemakers have postponed the release of film with terrorist themes.【解析】細節題。從第一段可以看出,9.11恐怖襲擊給人們帶來了極大的震驚,為好萊塢電影暴力文化投下了陰影。由於害怕 “offending” 驚魂未定的大眾,很多電影製片商have postponed the release of film with terrorist themes。由此可見b)符合題意,選項中的“afraid”與原文中的“fearful”意思上相同,“anger”為動詞,與原文中的“offending”相對應,更可確定答案的正確性。【避錯指導】a)在文章中並未提及;c)認為“充滿暴力內容的電影在他們中間已經不再流行”與原文意思相反,如果誤認為“them”指的是廣大觀眾就很容易誤選;d)將暴力電影等同於暴力,混淆了兩個概念，同原文意思不相符,故錯誤。
58. d)。【定位】由題幹the“self珠挀爀甀琀椀渀礀”in the second paragraph定位到第二段倒數第二句...1ong range questions of what the public will want once the initial shock from the terrorist attacks wears off.【解析】細節題。文章第二段指出,電影製片商們對大眾娛樂的品味進行自我反省,很可能是一個暫時現象,因為正如業界許多人士承認的那樣,目前他們不知道where boundaries of taste and consumer tolerance now lie。與前文的fearful of offending audiences in the wake of the terrorist attack這個原因相照應。正是因為不知道觀眾們目前希望看什麼樣的電影,害怕暴力電影在這個特殊時刻激怒觀眾,才不敢貿然製作,因此製片商們才對此進行自我分析。故d)符合題意。【避錯指導】 a)認為製片商這麼做是因為“想為觀眾們製作出不含有暴力內容的影片”不確切,因為第一段中指出,製片商們只是“postponed the release of films with terrorist themes”,而不是停止製作此類電影,故a)錯誤;b)製片商們的目的是“阻止自己回到製作暴力電影的老路上去”同文章中的講述相反,故錯誤;c)選項原文中並未提及,故不合題意。
59. a)。【定位】由題幹it is time for the general audience to定義到原文第三段第一句this is an opportunity for some of us to suggest to hollywood where that boundary of consumer tolerance is.【解析】細節題。由於作者在第二段中指出製片商們不敢輕易製作電影,因為他們不知道觀眾的口味和對暴力電影的容忍度有多少,因此在第三段中指出,這正是一個好時機讓觀眾告訴“口味如何及對暴力電影的容忍度有多大”。故 a)正確。【避錯指導】b)犯了以偏概全的錯誤,人們反對的是好萊塢充斥暴力內容的電影,而不是所有好萊塢製作的電影，故不正確;作者只是指出人們可以藉機向好萊塢提出電影未來方向的建議,建議他們cease its descent into ever lower of the dumbness of our young,而不是建議觀眾對此進行指責,故選項c)不確切;作者在文章第四段指出,傳統的家庭電影時間“disappeared”,這一事實說明暴力電影的泛濫程度需要得到控制,但選項 d)“要求製片商們製作反映傳統家庭生活的電影”在文中並未提及,故錯誤。
60. c)。【定位】由題幹about aaron sorkin定義到原文中第五段最後兩句producers like aaron sorkin of “the west wing”planned to keep pushing hard. he was quoted as saying,“there’s absolutely no reason why we can’t use the language of adulthood in programs that are about adults”.【解析】細節題。文章在第五段中舉了aaron sorkin這個導演為例,來說明前面的觀點the struggles between network censors and growing more intense。從文中可以看出,aaron sorkjn認為,在關於成人的電影中不用成人的語言絕對沒有任何道理。而後面作者指出,很多成人根本不用aaron sorkin在電影中使用的語言,也不希望他們的孩子們聽到這樣的語言,由此可以看出aaron sorkin所強烈推崇在電影中使用的“the language of adulthood”正是前文中所說的 “crude word”(粗俗的言語)。故c)“他堅持認為不應該對電影中的語言進行限制”解釋正確。【避錯指導】a)同原文內容正好相反,故錯誤;b)不正確,因為原文只說他在這場較量中想“keep pushing hard”，並未表明是他首先引起了這場較量;d)“他認為應該徹底整頓電影業”同文章中對aaron sorkin的描述相反,因為作者所說的 “clean up the entertainment industry”正是指讓電影內容更加積極,減少粗俗的語言和暴力的內容。
61. c)。【定位】由題幹the author’s purpose定位到全文內容，尤其是首尾兩段。【解析】推斷題。從文章第一段的第一句話來看,作者認為恐怖主義活動帶來了一個“positive consequence”。那就是衝擊了好萊塢的暴力電影文化。既然作者認為這是一個積極影響,說明作者對好萊塢暴力電影持否定態度。同時在文章的最後一句中,作者亦指出,現在是時候該告訴娛樂界人們所需要的不僅僅是a temporary pause in the flow of tastelessness,而是長期的徹底整頓。由此可見，作者對現在娛樂界的做法持否定態度。因此c)正確。【避錯指導】a)“瞭解”、b)“贊同”和d)“容忍”,均不符合文中所表達的作者的目的。
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