Jingzhou Ancient City is also known as Jiangling city. It is one of thefamous historical and cultural cities in China. It is adjacent to Shashi in theSouth and the Yangtze River. The city wall hovers in the light and color of thelake, undulating according to the terrain, winding along the lake and extendinglike a dragon. The majestic ancient city has a history of more than 20__ e the Qin and Han Dynasties, it has a towering outline. After five dynastiesand Ten Kingdoms, it began to build a brick city, which was destroyed andrepaired in song, yuan and Ming Dynasties. The well preserved ancient city wallwas built by Yiming city wall in 1646 ad. in recent years, many new scenic spotshave been built inside and outside the wall.
We all know the story of Liu Bei crying in Jingzhou and Guan Gong losingJingzhou in romance of the Three Kingdoms. This is "a place for militarystrategists." Jingzhou, the capital of China. This famous cultural city islocated in the west of the vast and rich Jianghan Plain. In the Han Dynasty, thewhole country was divided into 36 states, which got its name because of Jingshanin the north. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, several emperors built theircapitals here, making this city an important place for the successive dynastiesto garrison troops and set up their offices.
Jingzhou City, located in the meeting of the rivers and lakes, is a hubconnecting the water and land transportation in the southeast, northwest andnorthwest. It has fertile land, mild climate and rich specialties. It was alsoone of the important commercial centers in China. In the Western Han Dynasty, itranked first among the five southern counties.
Jingzhou is one of the nine prefectures (Ji, Gung, Qing, Yang, Jing, Yu,Liang, Yong) established by Dayu in ancient times when he controlled the got its name from Jingshan in that time. After the Three Kingdoms period,Jingzhou City has always been a place of governance at the state and countylevel, and some even established their capital here.
The ancient city of Jingzhou is divided into three layers, water cityoutside, brick city in the middle and earth city inside. It is said that inorder to prevent the foundation of the city from sinking and flooding, glutinousrice slurry was poured into the stone crevice at the foot of the right city, sothe city wall was particularly strong. It is said that Guan Yunchang, thegeneral of Shu in the Three Kingdoms, was guarding Jingzhou when nine fairiescame down to earth. It's said that Jingzhou's swordsmen have moved too much, sothey should be taken back and placed in God's land, and no mortals are allowedto fight for them. Guan Gong was loyal to his brother and refused to letJingzhou, so he thought of a plan, saying: "you are in the northwest, I am inthe southeast, each building a city, the city is a thousand steps on Friday, itstarts at dark, the crowing of chickens stops, who builds first, who managesthis place. The nine fairies used their clothes to cover the earth, and GuanGong cut reeds to build the city. Guangong city is just a corner away from thenine fairies City, and the chickens are not crowing yet. Guan Gong vibrates thechicken cage and the reed mat, the rooster crows, and the nine fairies go toheaven in shame. This is the origin of jiunvzhuo outside the north gate ofJingzhou City. It's also said that Zhang Fei also carried the earth to help hissecond brother build the city. But when he came late, he dumped the earthoutside the east gate. Nowadays, people call these two hills like Earth "ZhangFei Yidan earth". These are all myths and legends. However, in order to guardagainst the eastern Wu Dynasty, Guan Gong built a new city next to the old cityin the Han Dynasty, which has historical records.
Ten li north of Jingzhou is the site of the largest city in southern Chinaduring the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period. The state of Chuhad 20 kings who built their capitals here in 411. The ancient city is rich inChu culture on the ground, underground, inside and outside the city. You caneasily find tiles and pottery from more than 20__ years ago here.
In the ancient city of Jingzhou, there are some historical sites related tothe Three Kingdoms, such as the big iron pot and manger for Guan Gong's March,and the throwing armour mountain for Lu Meng's troops when he attacked ide the city, there are many sites related to the legend of Guanyu of theThree Kingdoms in Baling mountain. We stepped down from luomaotai at the southend of Baling mountain, headed for the mountain, passed through layers of pineforest, and came to Guangong pianquan. According to the inscription beside thespring, "when Liu Xian was trapped in Dangyang, Guan Gong led his teacher tosave him. Through this way, people and horses were trapped, and a sense ofloyalty and righteousness gushed out. It has been recited to this day." Now, thewater of this spring is either for the tea pavilion to make tea for tourists, orfor the winery to make wine for guests.
With a long history, Jingzhou has left innumerable antiquities. Now thereare more than 3000 preserved in Jingzhou Museum. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, isfamous for his work. His sword was unearthed in the north of Jingzhou in e are eight characters on the sword: "King Gou Jian of Yue, self actingsword". The sword body is full of diamond pattern, inlaid with tricolor glassand turquoise. The blade is extremely sharp. It can still blow hair and cut ironlike mud.
Due to the reason of going to school, I came to this ancient city. AlthoughJingzhou can't compare with the big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, it has itsunique charm. In Jingzhou, the most common one is its ancient city wall. Thereare seven gates, and the whole city is surrounded by the city wall. In March,spring flowers bloom, riding bicycles together, facing the warm spring breeze,leaving our youth at the foot of the city wall, Also leave us good memories!
Jingzhou also has many famous scenic spots: Peach Blossom Island, JingzhouYangtze River Swan Island Baiji National Nature Reserve, longevity pagoda,spring and Autumn Pavilion, Jinfeng take-off, Three Kingdoms Park, JingzhouMuseum and so on. Now is a good time to go to Taohua village. Enjoying farm foodand watching peach blossoms, I feel very happy. Far away from the noise of thecity, I feel like I have come to a paradise!
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
Today we will visit the famous ancient city of Jingzhou.
"Hearing about the Three Kingdoms, I want to go to Jingzhou every time." you mention Jingzhou, you will naturally think of the famous stories of theThree Kingdoms in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as Liu Bei's borrowingJingzhou, Lu Su's attacking Jingzhou, Lu Meng's attacking Jingzhou, and GuanYu's losing Jingzhou. Of the 120 chapters of the romance of the Three Kingdoms,72 chapters involve Jingzhou. For thousands of years, there has been an endlessstream of people who have come to Jingzhou to inquire about the history of theThree Kingdoms. As your on-the-spot tour guide, I am very honored to take thisopportunity to show you the historical picture of the evolution and developmentof Jingzhou Ancient City over the past two thousand years.
We are now at the east gate of Jingzhou City. The river tens of meters widein front of you is the moat. During the war, it was a natural barrier againstthe enemy's attack. Now, on this river, a grand International Dragon BoatInvitational race is held every year. Before entering the city, let me firstintroduce the historical background of the ancient city of Jingzhou.
Jingzhou City, also known as Jiangling city. At present, Jingzhou is themost complete ancient city in southern China, and it is also one of the 24famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council in 1982. In1996, Jingzhou Ancient City Wall was announced as a national key cultural relicsprotection unit by the State Council. In 20__, Jingzhou City, with JingzhouAncient City as the center, was named as China's excellent tourist city by theNational Tourism Administration.
Looking back on the history of Jingzhou, we can say that it is closelyconnected with the 5000 year history of Chinese civilization. As we all know,the Chinese nation is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. After the YellowEmperor and the Yan Emperor's tribes merged and unified China, Jingzhou was oneof the ancient Kyushu.
The name of "Jingzhou" can be found in the book "Shangshu? Yugong" in theWarring States period, which states that "Jingzhou and Hengyang only exist inJingzhou". At that time, the area of Jingzhou was very large, and the state ofChu in the spring and autumn and Warring States period rose in rding to historical records, in the eighth year of King Zhouzhuang (689 BC),King Wen of Chu moved the capital city to Ji'nan City, which is five kilometersnorth of Jingzhou. The state of Chu established its capital here for 411 experienced 20 kings before and after that, creating a Chu culture that is asimportant as the Central Plains culture in the Yellow River Valley, andcomparable to the ancient Greek and Roman culture. It is said that during thereign of King Cheng of Chu (671-525 B.C.), in order to enjoy the beautifulscenery of the Yangtze River, he built many palaces and palace boat docks inJingzhou City, which are the rudiments of today's Jingzhou City. In the 29thyear of King Zhao of Qin Dynasty (278 BC), Bai Qi, a famous general of Qinstate, led his troops to attack the state of Chu and occupied the area betweenJianghan and Han. Then Qin established Nanjun in the capital of Chu, which wasone of the 36 counties in China at that time. Later, the Qin Dynasty establishedJiangling County in today's Jingzhou City, which is called "Jiangling" becauseit is close to the river and there are no mountains near the state. In 106 BC,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the Department of Cishi in Jingzhou,one of the thirteen prefectures in China. Since then, Jingzhou has become thename of administrative division.
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Jingzhou has become an important place forthe successive dynasties to establish their own government. It has always been aplace of governance at the state and county level, and some dynasties evenestablished their capitals and states here. During the Three Kingdoms period,this place was an important place for hegemony. Sun and Liu united to defeatCao's army in the first battle of Chibi, so Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou from SunQuan the next year and developed the power of Shu on this basis. Since then,Emperor an in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Qihe, Emperor Liangyuan andEmperor houliangxuan in the Southern Dynasty, King Houliang in the Sui Dynasty,and King Nanping in the late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, essively, there have been 11 disputed princes who claimed to be emperors(kings) and established their capitals here for more than 100 years. In TangDynasty, Jingzhou was the auxiliary capital, called "Nanjun", which echoed thenorth and south of Chang'an city. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty,Jiangling mansion was set up here. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Jiangling mansionwas changed to Shanglu mansion. In the early Ming Dynasty, Jingzhou Prefecturewas established. In Qing Dynasty, the system of Ming Dynasty was adopted. In theRepublic of China, Jingzhou was the fourth administrative capital of HubeiProvince. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Jingzhou Citywas the seat of Jingzhou regional Commissioner Office and Jiangling CountyPeople's government. In 1994, the former Jingzhou area and Shashi City merged toform Jingsha City, which was renamed Jingzhou City in 1997. Jingzhou City is theseat of Jingzhou District of six counties and two districts of JingzhouCity.
Jingzhou City is located in the middle of the world. The meeting of therivers and lakes has always been a place for military strategists. Zhuge Liangonce said, "Jingzhou is a country of military use, which is based on the HanDynasty and Mianyang in the north, the South China Sea in the East, Wu and Huiin the East, and Ba and Shu in the West.". Li Gu, the prime minister famous forhis uprightness and loyalty in the Han Dynasty, Guan Yu, Zhou Yu, Lu Meng and LuXun, the famous generals of the Three Kingdoms, and Ma taokan, the great masterof literature and martial arts in the Jin Dynasty, once guarded Jingzhou; XieLingyun and Bao Zhao, the poets of Jin Dynasty, Zhang Jiuling and ZhangCambodian, the Kaiming prime ministers of Tang Dynasty, Han Yu and Yuan Zhen,the great literary scholars, and Wang Anshi, the great statesman of SongDynasty, have also held different positions in Jingzhou. In addition, many majorpeasant uprisings in the past dynasties also took Jingzhou as an importanttarget, such as Wang Kuang and Wang Feng in the late Western Han Dynasty, HuangChao in the late Tang Dynasty, Chen Youliang in the late Yuan Dynasty, LiZicheng and Zhang Xianzhong in the late Ming Dynasty.
In addition to being a military important place, the economy and culture ofancient Jingzhou City were also very active and prosperous. Due to itsconvenient transportation, fertile land, mild climate and rich products, it hasdeveloped into one of the top ten commercial centers in China as early as theWestern Han Dynasty, ranking first among the five southern counties. In thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, it became "the first city in the middle reachesof the Yangtze River", as well as Yangzhou, a famous commercial city in thelower reaches of the Yangtze River. Although it was once destroyed in the war inthe Western Wei Dynasty, it gradually returned to prosperity in the middle TangDynasty, and its scale was about ten times as large as before. Therefore,Jingzhou City was regarded as the "companion capital" at that time, and was alsoknown as Chang'an and Luoyang.
Jingzhou is the center of Chu culture, the music and dance nation of"Chutian" and enjoys the reputation of "only Chu has talent". For thousands ofyears, the culture here has been prosperous and talents have come forth in largenumbers, including Qu Yuan, a famous patriotic poet of Chu state, cen Shen, afamous frontier poet of Tang Dynasty, and Zhu LAN, a "xiaowanjuan" of SongDynasty. In the political arena, the prime ministers coming out of Jingzhouinclude Liu Wei and Duan Wenchang of Tang Dynasty, CEN Zhiben, cen Changqing andCen Xi. The most famous prime minister is Zhang Juzheng of Ming Dynasty. Headvocated abolishing bad politics and developing economy. He played a positiverole at that time and was respected by later generations. At the same time, thebeautiful natural scenery and profound cultural heritage of Jingzhou City havealso attracted many well-known scholars of all ages to visit, sing poems andmeet friends, Sima Qian of Han Dynasty, Wang can and Tao Yuanming of Wei, Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi,Li Shangyin and Du Mu of Tang Dynasty, Su Shi and Lu You of Song Dynasty, YuanHongdao and Wang Shizhen of Ming and Qing Dynasty He has visited Jingzhou Cityand left a large number of excellent poems and essays, among which the mostfamous one is the quatrains in Li Bai's poem xiajiangling, which says "when theemperor leaves the White Emperor, the Jiangling will return in a day".
Well, having said so much, we must have a better understanding of the pastof Jingzhou Ancient City. Now let's go to see what Jingzhou City looks se follow me along the sidewalk on the right side to the city. On the leftside is the horse road. If you pay attention to it, you will find that there areinscriptions on the bricks of the horse road. These are the preciousinscriptions on the walls of the ancient city of Jingzhou. They record the longhistory of the construction of Jingzhou city wall and reflect the changes of theadministrative areas under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou It is of great value tothe study of history.
It is said that in the Han Dynasty, Jingzhou had a regular city wall. After12 times of maintenance and expansion, the city became more solid andmagnificent, including Guan Yu, the general of Shu, Zhu ran, the general of Wu,Huan Wen, the governor of Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Liang rding to historical records, the first brick wall of Jingzhou was built inthe period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. In 912 ad, Gao Jixing, the Jieduenvoy of Southern Jingzhou, used more than 100000 soldiers and civilians tooverhaul the brick wall of Jingzhou for the purpose of seizing Jingzhou as aking. If there were not enough bricks to build the city, he ordered to dig outtomb bricks everywhere, and all the tombs within 50 Li were excavated. It issaid that after the completion of the city wall, countless phosphorescent lightswill appear on the wall every night, which looks like "ghost fire" and makespeople creepy. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the city wall wasdestroyed because of the "Jingkang" war. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in orderto appease Shi Zhaoxiong and strengthen the defense of Jingzhou, Emperorshangzou Chunxi approved the construction of the brick wall in 1187. Within 11months, the brick wall was rebuilt, and more than 1000 Battle Towers were builton the wall. This time, the bricks were "special city bricks" ordered by thegovernment. There was an inscription on the bricks, but there was no record ofthe year. Later, Yuanbing captured Jingzhou City, and Kublai Khan ordered thatthe city wall be demolished. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, ZhuYuanzhang restored the foundation again and excavated moats around the city. Atthe end of Ming Dynasty, after Zhang Xianzhong led the peasant uprising army toattack Jingzhou City, the city wall was demolished by the angry l the third year of Shunzhi (1646 AD), the city wall was built on the oldfoundation for the third time, which is the ancient city wall of Jingzhou. Theconstruction of the city is very strong. In order to prevent the city wall fromsinking due to water erosion, all the footings of the city wall are built withstone barriers, and the walls are filled with lime and glutinous rice ough the city wall was destroyed three times and built three times, andafter more than 300 years of cold and heat in spring and autumn, it is still ingood condition. After the founding of new China, the state and local governmentshave focused on the protection of the ancient city of Jingzhou. They havetransformed, renovated, repaired and expanded the city and its surroundingenvironment, built the inner ring road and the outer ring road, dredged andmanaged the moat, and built Fenghuang square and Tianwen square outside the eastgate and the new north gate respectively, making the ancient city of Jingzhoumore beautiful, magnificent and spectacular The old and fresh face of JingzhouCity seen by heaven.
In addition, according to experts' research, so far, the earliest characterbrick with year number found on Jingzhou City Wall was found in the second yearof Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369 A.D.), which has a history of more than 600years. This brick is 207 years earlier than the character brick of Wanli yearfound on the Great Wall reported by Xinhua news agency. What's more amazing isthat according to the records of the written bricks, these bricks were not onlyfrom Jianghan Plain, but also from other places in the province and other placesoutside the province, such as Hunan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, etc., which shows thehuge scale of the city building project at that time. Ancient city building alsoreflects the idea of quality management. The detailed or simple responsibilityinscriptions left by the construction or maintenance of the city walls in thepast dynasties are actually a kind of public responsibility. In addition torecording the time and place of brick making, there are also detailedinscriptions on the supervisor, brick maker, kiln maker, brick making expenses,the name of the undertaker and the local officials in charge. It can be seenthat during the construction of Jingzhou city wall at that time, the practice of"mobilizing the whole people, working from top to bottom, clear division oflabor, and responsibility to people" was adopted. The reason why Jingzhou hasbeen known as "the iron Jingzhou" in ancient times is inseparable from this"responsibility system". This is what we need to learn from the sages today.
If you observe these character bricks carefully, you will find that thereare both yin and Yang inscriptions, and both yin and Yang inscriptions in theway of writing; there are both running script and regular script in the way ofcalligraphy; there are both traditional and simplified characters in the way ofwriting. Therefore, these character bricks have important artistic researchvalue, which is worthy of further development and utilization.
Now, we have boarded the East Gate Tower, looking out from the fence, andthinking about Guan Yu's years, when she was young and bearded, holding thegreen dragon Yanyue sword, did you also have a strong heart to experience thepride of "one man is in charge of the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed toopen it"?
From the aerial view, Jingzhou City Wall is like a swimming dragon,stretching in the lake and marsh, in an irregular oval shape. The whole citywall is 3.75 km long from east to west, 1.2 km wide from north to south, 10.5 kmin circumference, and covers an area of 4.5 square kilometers. The wall is 8.83meters high, the top is 3 to 5 meters wide, and the base is about 10 meterswide. There are 4567 battlements, 26 fortresses and 4 Zang Bing Dong on thewall. These are the ancient war defense attack tools.
There are six gates in the ancient city of Jingzhou, two in the northeastand one in the southwest. The name of the east gate is Yin bin gate, the name ofthe small east gate is gong'an gate, the name of the big north gate is Gong Jigate, also known as Liu gate, the name of the small north gate is Yuan'an gate,the name of the south gate is Nan Ji gate, and the name of the west gate is anLAN gate. The name of each gate has something to do with the geography, historyand customs of Jingzhou. For example, Xiaodongmen, Liu Bei changed youjiangkouto gong'an, married Mrs. sun and went back to Jingzhou by boat. At this gate, hegot off the boat and landed in Jingzhou City, so it was named gong'an; Anotherexample is the Great North gate. In ancient times, there was a road leading toKyoto in the north of the city. When officials moved and transferred, they allwent out of this gate. When officials and friends saw each other off, they brokethe willows and gave them away. Therefore, it is also called liumen. Accordingto historical records, since the Han Dynasty, it has become a custom forrelatives and friends to give each other a gift when they leave. The reason isthat "Liu" is the homonym of "Liu", and "Liu" means "retention" and "nostalgia" addition to the small east gate, the other five gates all have a gate, whichis a double gate. There is an urn between the two gates. Each double gate isequipped with a wooden opposite door, and there is a 10 cm thick gate inside thewooden gate to prevent water damage. In addition, there were gate towers on thesix gates. The East Gate Tower was called Binyang tower, the small East GateTower was called Wangjiang tower, the big north gate tower was called Jinglongtower, the small North Gate Tower was called Chaozong tower, the South GateTower was called Qujiang tower, and the west gate tower was called Jiuyangtower. Due to the change of dynasties, historical changes, and the destructionof war, the original gate tower except Jinglong tower on the big north gate wasin the 18th year of Daoguang reign of Qing Dynasty( That is, in 1838 A.D., itwas rebuilt and preserved until now. The Binyang building in the east gate,where we are now, was rebuilt in the 1980s with funds from the state in order todevelop Jingzhou tourism, repair and protect the ancient city of Jingzhou.
There are also some historical sites scattered around Jingzhou, which arealso places worth visiting. For example, Kaiyuan Temple, Xuanmiao temple, tienutemple, Confucian temple, Guandi Temple inside the city, Taihui temple outsidethe city, Guangong dianjiangtai, zhangfei yidantu and so on. In addition to thecity wall and these historical relics, it is difficult to see ancient buildingsin Jingzhou City, instead of rows of tall buildings large building. As time goeson, the streets and alleys in Jingzhou City in the past have been replaced bywide roads, forming a crisscross and orderly road network. In order to meet theneeds of modern means of transportation, three new city gates suitable forpublic transport have been built on the walls of the East, South and North,making the city gate of Jingzhou today nine. The ancient city of Jingzhou isfull of modern atmosphere. The commercial atmosphere is very strong. Thelarge-scale shopping malls include Jingzhou shopping mall, Jingzhou departmentstore, Jingzhou Hualian Shopping Mall, Jingzhou Chutian building, etc. there areall kinds of goods in these shopping malls. If you want to buy some localproducts of Jingzhou and take them home as souvenirs or gifts to your relativesand friends, I can introduce Jingzhou scenery here Here you are. Please listencarefully: in juzhenyuan, an old hotel with a history of 100 years, you can buyauthentic Jiangling eight treasures rice; in Jingzhou department store, you canbuy delicious Jiangling nine yellow cakes; in Jingzhou silk factory, you can buydesirable brocade satin, antique silk and other silk products; in Jingzhou artsand crafts factory, you can also buy various kinds of antique Lacquerware
Well, here is the information about the ancient city of Jingzhou. Now giveyou a quarter of an hour to move freely. You can take photos here.
Jingzhou is located in the central and southern part of Hubei Province andthe hinterland of Jianghan Plain. It looks to Wuhan, the capital of HubeiProvince, to the East, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River to the west,Changde, Yueyang and Yiyang of Hunan Province to the south, and Jingmen to thenorth. It governs Jingzhou and Shashi districts, Gongan, Jianli and Jianglingcounties, and Songzi, Honghu and Shishou cities. It has a total land area of 483square kilometers and a total population of 6.3 million.
Jingzhou City was formed as early as 4000 years ago in the Xia Dynasty. Itwas one of the nine prefectures established by Dayu to control the use it had a large jurisdiction, including Hubei, Hunan, the border betweenGuangdong and Guangxi and Nanyang Basin in Henan Province. It also relied on theJingshan mountain in the West of Nanzhang County in Hubei Province. At thattime, the ancients defined it as Jingzhou according to the custom of determiningplace names by mountains and rivers. The characteristic of this city is one cityand two names, both Jingzhou City and Jiangling city. The origin of Jianglingcity is that Jiangling County was founded more than 2600 years ago. The wordJiangling means "there are no mountains in the distance, and all lingbu arenearby", that is, there are no mountains in the distance, but hills and waterare nearby. The poem "a thousand li Jiangling is returned in one day" refers tothis city.
Now we are located in Shashi District of Jingzhou City. I don't know if anyof you have ever been to Shashi. Shashi used to be a light industrial city,especially the textile industry is relatively developed, and there are severalfamous enterprises, such as huoli28. I think you all know that. In addition,Shashi was not called Shashi when it was first. It was called Shashi becausethere were so many stones here. It turned out to be a busy Wharf on the YangtzeRiver. As early as 1895, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Shimonosekiwith Britain, which included the opening of five trading ports on the YangtzeRiver. Shashi was one of the five trading ports.
Jingzhou is the birthplace of Chu culture, the ancient battlefield of theThree Kingdoms, and the center of the revolutionary base of Western Hunan andHubei. It is one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities announced bythe State Council in the first batch. It is located in the Three Gorges tourismline, the ancient Three Kingdoms tourism line, and the Chu culture tourism has a lot of people, culture and scenery, and historical sites all over thecity. At present, there are 5 national key cultural relics protection units:Jigong Mountain There are 32 provincial-level key cultural relics protectionunits and more than 500 municipal (county) level key cultural relics protectionunits. Jingzhou has been a place for military strategists since ancient ng the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu not only left many movingstories such as "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou" and "Guan Yu lost Jingzhou" but alsoleft a large number of sites of the Three Kingdoms. They mainly includeJiangling's Guangong dianjiangtai and mapaoquan, Honghu's caocaowan and Wulinvillage, Jianli's zilonggang and Huarong Road, Shishou's Xiulin town andliulangpu, Gongan's Madame Sun City, etc. Jingzhou City has a well preservedancient city wall. After more than 1800 years, the ancient appearance stillexists. The scale of the existing city is so large and well preserved that it isthe only one I have ever visited in the south, and it is also rare in the wholecountry. There are Kaiyuan Temple and Xuanmiao temple built in Tang Dynasty,Taihui temple built in Ming Dynasty, Confucian temple, Guan temple and tienutemple built in Qing Dynasty. According to archaeological findings, Jingzhou wasthe place where primitive human beings lived as early as 5000 years ago. JigongMountain in the north of the city is a Paleolithic site from 50000 to 200000years ago. 5、 Six thousand years ago, human beings created splendid Qujialingculture and Shijiahe culture in Jingzhou. During the spring and Autumn periodand the Warring States period, bronze smelting technology, cast iron forgingtechnology, silk embroidery technology and lacquerware technology were all atthe leading level in the world; Lao Zhuang philosophy, Chu Ci literature, musicand dance also ascended the palace of ancient world civilization. There are fiveChu city sites, 83 Chu cultural sites and more than 800 large-scale ancienttombs in and around Ji Nancheng, the former capital of Chu, including 18 tombsof Chu kings. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang said thatJingzhou "occupied Han Mian in the north, benefited the South China Sea as muchas possible, connected wuhui in the East, and connected Bashu in the West Manystatesmen and militarists of Wei, Shu and Wu fought for wisdom and couragearound Jingzhou, leaving numerous popular stories and many victories of theThree Kingdoms.
Since ancient times, Jingzhou has been known as "only Chu has talent". QuYuan, one of the four famous historical and cultural figures in the world, onceworked here for more than 20 years. Qu Yuan is one of the four culturalcelebrities in the world. He is also an outstanding writer in our country. He isalso the first great patriotic poet and a great statesman, thinker, diplomat andreformer. Qu Yuan, whose name is Ping, has the original character, also known asregular. "Regular" means "flat", according to the law of heaven: "Lingjun" means"Yuan", according to the law of earth. During the Warring States period, Chupeople, the hometown of Hanshou canggang. He was born on the 7th day of thefirst month of 340 B.C. and died on the 5th day of may in 278 B.C. at the age of62. After Xiong Tong, the king of Wu of Chu, Qu Yuan was the first Dawang familyin the state of Chu (Zhao, Qu and Jing). King Wu enfeoffed his second son "Xia"in Qu's place, which is today's Hanshou situation. "Xia" took "Qu" as his schoolname, and later became "Qu" surname. It has a history of more than 500 yearsfrom "flaw" to Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan's grandfather, Qu Yiji, was a Sima in the reignof Emperor Xuan, and "Mo Ao" in the reign of emperor Wei. He was a great generalwho shocked the princes. Qu Yuan's father, Qu Gai, whose name was Boyong, was agreat general who commanded the most elite "Shenxi" division of Chu.
As a child, Qu Yuan entered gonghou Zidi school. He was intelligent, neverforgetting, and studied hard day and night. He accumulated a lot of knowledgeabout literature, history, mythology and astronomy. In addition, his parents hadstrict education, so he was recognized as the best of the royal family,
When Qu Yuan was a young man, he was clear about governance and skillful inlanguage. He was a descendant of King Wu, and King Huai valued him very he was about 18 years old, he was elected to the royal family. When he was20 years old, he was ordered to make his first mission to the state of Qi, whichaccomplished the important task of the six nation alliance. At about 22 yearsold, he was appointed as zuotu (Taifu, the Secretary General of the king),second only to Lingyin (Prime Minister), and held a great position. He "made aspeech" with King Huai of Chu, that is, he swore to the alliance of heaven, andthe monarch and his ministers will remain the same until they get old. He tookpart in the important decision-making of huaiwang's internal and foreignaffairs. He actively advocated the rule of Ming Dynasty. Wang huaiwang waswilling to adopt the idea of recommending talents, uniting Qi against Qin,unifying China, and realizing "American politics". However, the aristocraticgroup headed by Zheng Xiu, the empress of the south, envied Qu Yuan and opposedthe reform. They tried their best to slander him and exiled him. At this time,Qu Yuan was about 30 years old.
After leaving Beijing, Qu Yuan was on his way to Jiangnan. When the Qin andWei dynasties attacked Chu, King Huai thought of Qu Yuan and sent someone toretrieve him. King Huai ordered him to go out of Qi for the second time to unitewith Qi to fight against Qin. With his own talent and eloquence, he convincedKing Xuan of Qi at one stroke. However, Zhang Yi colluded with empress nanhou toslander Qu Yuan again. King Huai was furious and changed him to Sanlu doctor,who was in charge of the affairs related to the three surnames of the royalfamily, and was responsible for genealogy, sacrifice and education. Although hisposition was high, he could not meet the king. When King Huai went out of Qin toattend the appointment, Qu Yuan, with a haggard face, knelt down on the side ofthe road and cried. Instead, he was pushed to the ground by Jin Shang, atraitor, and drove away. As a result, King Huai was detained, imprisoned forthree years, and died in the state of Qin. At that time, Qu Yuan was 42 yearsold.
When Qu Yuan heard that the coffin of King Huai had returned, he went toBeijing to help the coffin and wept bitterly. He advised King Xiang to break thefriendship with Qin. King Xiang was moved but didn't go. Instead, he married thedaughter of King Qin and accepted the thief as his father. Qu Yuan tried hisbest to see him, but met Zi Lan at the gate of the palace. He angrily scolded ZiLan. The next day, Zilan tried his best to Qu Yuan to the king of Xiang. In arage, the king of Xiang dismissed him as a doctor of Sanlu and exiled him toJiangnan for a long time. He was more than 50 years old.
Qu Yuan left Yingdu and went down along the Yangtze River. He was full ofgrief, anger and sorrow, so he wrote Lisao. He wrote "evocation of soul" in hiswandering, and set up a spirit throne to recite the poem to offer sacrifices toHuai Wang. After that, I went to Dongting and against the Yuan River and livedin the hometown of canggang in Hanshou for a long time. During this period, hewalked around by the river and lake every day, chanting poems alone. He wasyellow and thin and haggard. One day, I met a fisherman on the Bank of CanglangRiver and talked with each other, so I wrote fisherman. Later, when he left homeand went to Xiangshui, the Qin army broke Yingdu. Hearing the news, he was moreworried about the country and the people, and his heart was burning. He wrotethe last poem Huaisha, which showed that he was determined to stick to hisloyalty and unyielding. On May 5, he sank himself into the Guluo river. At theage of 62, the people in canggang, his hometown, immediately went to Guluo tocollect the corpse when they heard that Qu Yuan had thrown himself into theriver, and threw the wrapped rice dumplings into the river to prevent the fishdragon from injuring the corpse. Every year, it became the traditional custom ofdragon boat race and zongzi.
In 1953, on the 5th day of the fifth lunar month, China carried outextensive activities to commemorate Qu Yuan. In September of the same year, theworld peace council held a meeting to commemorate Qu Yuan and called on peopleall over the world to learn from him.
Qu Yuan created 25 songs of Chu, of which 23 were written in his hometowncanggang. Lisao is a masterpiece of Chinese poetry. It is also a world-famousepic, translated into the language of many countries. In libraries of manycountries, there are still pictures of Qu Yuan. Guofeng and Lisao are called"Fengsao", even poets are called "Poets". During the Anti Japanese period, May 5was once designated as "poet's Day".
Although Qu Yuan has been away from us for 2283 years, his works are thespiritual wealth of people all over the world and have far-reaching historicalsignificance. And great practical significance. We should not only remember himfrom generation to generation, but also widely publicize and seriously studyhim. We should learn from him the thought of persisting in striving, the moralcharacter of being loyal and noble, the will to die rather than surrender andthe great spirit of loving the country and the people.
Zhang Juzheng, the "outstanding Prime Minister" of the Ming Dynasty, wasborn in Jiangling, Huguang (now Hubei), also known as Zhang Jiangling. MingDynasty statesman, reformer. Jiajing 26th year (1547) Jinshi, from the editor toShi Shushi, bachelor order Hanlin affairs. In the first year of Longqing (1567),he served as the left servant of the Ministry of officials and the Bachelor ofDongge. In Longqing period, he was the Minister of the Ministry of officials andthe great scholar of Jianji hall. In the early years of Wanli, he conspired withthe eunuch Feng Bao to get rid of the high arch and took the lead. At that time,when Shenzong was young, Juzheng presided over and ruled all military andpolitical affairs. After 10 years in power, he implemented a series of reformmeasures and achieved certain results. He checked the land hidden by thelandlords, carried out a whip law, changed the tax system, and improved thefinancial situation of the Ming government. He trained with famous generals suchas Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang to strengthen the northern border defense andstraighten out the defense of the border towns. Pan Jixun was also in charge ofthe dredging of the Huanghuai river. He died in the 10th year of Wanli (1582)and was presented to the state of Shangzhu with a posthumous title of after his death, he was attacked by eunuch Zhang Cheng and old-fashionedbureaucrats, and his reputation was restored at the apocalypse. His worksinclude the collection of Zhang Taiyue and the direct interpretation of thebook. Sanyuan, a literary talent of "Gong'an School", and Cao Yu, Zou Difan,Ouyang Shan, are all from Jingzhou.
With the development of water and land transportation, the communicationequipment in Jingzhou is becoming more and more perfect. There are 1569 trunkand branch roads, 4099.18 kilometers of the city's network mileage, 28 bus linesin the central city, and 138 kilometers of the operating line network. 207, 318National Highway and Yihuang highway run through the whole territory. Jiaozhiand Jingsha railway pass through it. With the Yangtze River and Hanjiang Riveras the main channel, water transportation is convenient. It hasprogram-controlled telephone, optical fiber communication, color TV telephone,digital microwave and other modern communication equipment, and is alsosupported by the post and telecommunications business of more than 150 countriesand regions in the world.
Jingzhou Ancient City, located in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, is ahistoric site. It has four old city gates in the southeast and northwest and anew south gate. There are Xuanmiao temple, Guandi temple and tienu temple in thecity. The ancient city of Jingzhou was built in the spring and Autumn period andthe Warring States period. It used to be the official ship wharf and the Zhupalace of the state of Chu. Later, it became the administrative office ofJiangling County, and the original city outline appeared. As one of thebirthplaces of Chu culture, a large number of precious cultural relics have beenunearthed around the ancient city of Jingzhou. Among the national treasures arethe ancient corpses of the Western Han Dynasty, the silk of the Warring Statesperiod, and the sword of King Goujian of Yue. The ancient city of Jingzhou has along history. It is not only praised by Liu Yuxi, Li Bai, Zhang Jiuling andothers, but also remembered by Jingjiang Ma ya, Xueli Cangfeng and Yugao.
Jingzhou is located in the central and southern part of Hubei le often say that the common saying "careless lost Jingzhou" comes fromhere. Jingzhou is one of the first batch of national famous historical andcultural cities announced by the State Council. It has many places of interest,among which the most famous is the ancient city of Jingzhou. It has four oldcity gates in southeast, northwest and a new south gate. There are Xuanmiaotemple, Guandi temple and tienv temple in the city. In Jingzhou, many historicsites are related to the story of the Three Kingdoms. Ji'nan City, 5 kilometersto the north of the city, is the capital of Chu in the spring and Autumn periodand Warring States period, and is well preserved. Jingzhou is located at 111 °150-114 ° 050 E and 29 ° 260-31 ° 370 n. Located in the central and southernpart of Hubei Province, the hinterland of Jianghan Plain, the Yangtze Rivertraverses the city from west to East, with a total length of 483 km. Jingzhou isadjacent to Wuhan in the East, Yichang in the west, Changde in Hunan in thesouth, Jingmen and Xiangfan in the north. The total area is 14100 squarekilometers, 78.7% of which is plain Lake area and 21.1% is hilly and lowmountain area. The city governs Jingzhou and Shashi districts and Jiangling,Gongan and Jianli counties, and manages Songzi, Shishou and Honghu. It has 119townships, 18 sub district offices, 3398 Village (neighborhood) committees and24835 villager groups.
Jingzhou Municipal government attaches great importance to the culturalrelics protection and environmental improvement of Jingzhou city wall, and hasraised a total of 130 million yuan for the demolition of about 300000 squaremeters of illegal buildings within the protection scope of Jingzhou city wall,the construction of inner and outer ring roads, the drainage of moats, sewagetreatment and the improvement of surrounding environment. Since 20__, we havebeen working on the declaration of world cultural heritage. In 20__, Hubeiprovincial government officially submitted the "preliminary list of worldcultural heritage" to the State Administration of cultural relics. In January20__, the State Administration of cultural relics agreed to include the Jingzhoucity wall and the four Ming and Qing city walls of Xi'an, Nanjing and Xingchengin the "China world cultural heritage preliminary list".
This famous cultural city is located in the west of the vast and richJianghan Plain. In the Han Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 36states, named after Jingshan in the north. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty,several emperors built their capitals here, making this city an important placefor the successive dynasties to garrison troops and set up their offices.
The ancient city of Jingzhou is divided into three layers, water cityoutside, brick city in the middle and earth city inside. It is said that inorder to prevent the foundation of the city from sinking and flooding, glutinousrice slurry was poured into the stone crevice at the foot of the right city, sothe city wall was particularly strong. It is said that Guan Yunchang, thegeneral of Shu in the Three Kingdoms, was guarding Jingzhou when nine fairiescame down to earth. It's said that Jingzhou's swordsmen have moved too much, sothey should be taken back and placed in God's land, and no mortals are allowedto fight for them. Guan Gong was loyal to his brother and refused to letJingzhou, so he thought of a plan, saying: "you are in the northwest, I am inthe southeast, each building a city, the city is a thousand steps on Friday, itstarts at dark, the crowing of chickens stops, who builds first, who managesthis place. The nine fairies used their clothes to cover the earth, and GuanGong cut reeds to build the city. Guangong city is just a corner away from thenine fairies City, and the chickens are not crowing yet. Guan Gong vibrates thechicken cage and the reed mat, the rooster crows, and the nine fairies go toheaven in shame. This is the origin of jiunvzhuo outside the north gate ofJingzhou City. It's also said that Zhang Fei also carried the earth to help hissecond brother build the city. But when he came late, he dumped the earthoutside the east gate. Nowadays, people call these two hills like Earth "ZhangFei Yidan earth". These are all myths and legends. However, in order to guardagainst the eastern Wu Dynasty, Guan Gong built a new city next to the old cityin the Han Dynasty, which has historical records. Anyone who has read theromance of the Three Kingdoms knows the story of Liu Bei's false cry forJingzhou and Guan Gong's careless loss of Jingzhou. Our first stop was "a placefor military strategists." Jingzhou, the capital of China.
我的家鄉在荊州，那是一個美麗的地方。也是一座古老的歷史文化名城。
荊州古城分為東門、西門、南門、北門。其中，我覺得東門最美麗了。踏上古老的青石板鋪成的小路，走進賓陽樓，首先映入眼簾的是一座座塑像，有關羽、劉備、張飛和趙雲、諸葛亮。看到這些，我彷彿回到了三國戰場，關羽朱顏長鬚手握青龍偃月刀，體驗那“一夫當關，萬夫莫開”的豪情。
站在東門城樓，憑欄遠眺，遠處鱗次櫛比的高樓，近處波光粼粼的護城河。在護城河的兩邊一排排柳樹像一位位戰士一樣守護著我們。每當春暖花開的時候，許許多多的小朋友來到廣場上放風箏，古城牆一下子熱鬧了起來。爬山虎也不甘示弱，爬滿了整個古城牆，把古老的城牆變得更加美麗。
走進廣場，一隻金色的“大鳳凰”，踩著一輪栩栩如生的“太陽”矗立在廣場中央，氣宇軒昂的朝著東方。呀!原來它有有一個非常響亮的名字，叫“金鳳騰飛”。金鳳的周圍圍繞著八根石柱，石欄刻著帶有濃郁古荊州特色的雕刻花紋，它像八個莊嚴的“戰士”，時刻保衛著“金鳳”，金鳳的南面有一根“九龍柱”，九龍柱上刻有九條飛龍，它們相互纏繞，互相嬉戲，就像在爭搶食物呢!
每當夜幕降臨的時候，荊州賓陽樓變成了燈的海洋，光的世界，燈光倒映在護城河上，銀光閃閃，美麗動人。遠處的古城牆在燈光照射下，顯得古樸而滄桑，讓人生出無限遐想。
隨著祖國建設事業的發展，美麗的荊州必將變得更加美麗，更加燦爛。
江陵，古稱荊州，遠在太古，中國方圓九州，荊州就是一個州的中心之地，春秋戰國時，楚國把楚國都遷到江陵，這裡便成了楚國的政治、軍事、文化、經濟的中心，楚在此建都400多年，歷經20代。
江陵是我國為數不多的有古城牆的城市之一。相傳為劉備借荊州”時關羽所築。秦漢以來江陵北至長安、洛陽，南下兩廣，西去四川、雲貴的陸上通道必經之路。城南又有長江水運之便，向有自古兵家重荊州”之說。據<<三國演義>>載：赤壁之戰以後，曹操退回黃河流域，孫權為鞏固長江下游的統治勢力，佔領荊州。孫劉之間的聯盟本來就出於一時利害關係上的考慮，雙方為了奪取荊州這一塊地方，展開了激烈的明爭暗鬥。孫權採納了部下魯肅的主張，把荊州借給劉備，以便聯合抗禦曹操。劉備取得四川后，不歸還荊州，派二弟關羽據守，關羽出兵襄樊，威逼曹操，孫權乘荊州空虛，派呂蒙襲取荊州，俘殺了關羽。歷史上劉備借荊州”、東吳賠了夫人又折兵”、關羽大意失荊州”等故事都發生在這裡。孫劉聯盟破裂後，劉備、張飛興兵伐吳，張飛未曾出兵，被部將張達、範疆所殺。頭葬雲陽，身葬閬中”。劉備兵敗彝陵”，白帝城託孤。
荊州古城又儲存完好的護城牆，成內東西直徑3.75公里，南北直徑1.2公里，總面積4.6平方公里。
荊州護城河，又稱水域，時古城的第一到防禦線，護城河全長10500米，寬30米，水深4米。護城河西通太湖，東連長湖，與古運河相連，駕舟從內河可直達武漢。
位於荊州城內的荊州博物館”，又出土文物和傳世文物120xx多件，其中最稀世的珍寶是越王勾踐劍和西漢男屍。越王勾踐劍，劍廠68.8釐米，劍身飾滿菱形花紋，近柄處刻有鳥篆銘文越王勾踐，自作用劍”八個字，劍柄兩面分別鑲嵌有三色玻璃和綠松石。雖然在底下埋藏了三千多年，仍劍刃鋒利，青光閃爍，換然如新。西漢男屍，據墓中竹簡記載，該人葬於漢文帝十三年(前167年)五月，死者名遂”，江陵縣市陽里人，終年60歲，生前為五大夫(相當與或略高於當時的縣一級官員)，身高1.678米，體重52.5公斤。
這個著名的文化士城，座落在遼闊富饒的江漢平原的西沿。漢朝的時候，全國劃分為三十六州，道里因北有荊山而得名。東晉以後，有幾個皇帝在這裡建都，使這座城池成了歷代王朝屯兵置府的重鎮、兵家必爭之地。
荊州古城分為三層，外邊是水城，中間是磚城，裡面是土城。據說當年為防止城基下陷，洪水泛城，右城腳條石縫中澆灌糯米漿，因而城牆特別堅固。傳說三國蜀將關雲長鎮守荊州，忽遇九位仙女下凡。傳王母娘娘旨意，說荊州 刀兵動得太多，要收回置於神地，不準凡人爭奪。關公忠於其兄不讓荊州，於是想了一個計策，說：“你們在西北，我在東南，各築一城，城週五千步，天黑始，雞鳴止，誰先築好，誰就管理這個地方。，九仙女用衣裙兜土，關公伐蘆葦築城。關公城就，九仙女城差一隅，雞尚未鳴。關公振動雞籠蘆蓆，公雞啼鳴，九仙女羞愧地上天去了。這就是現在荊州城北門外九女琢的來歷。又傳說張飛也挑擔土來幫二哥築城，可是來晚了，便將土倒在東門外，現今人們都把這兩座小口山似的土叫“張飛一擔土”。這些都是神話傳說，然而關公為了防範東吳，在漢代舊城旁築了一座新城，都是有歷史記載的。 凡讀過《三國演義》的人，都知道劉備假意哭荊州、關公大意失荊州的故事。我們的第一站就到了“兵家必爭之地。”的荊州。
荊州市地處江漢平原腹地，長江自西向東橫貫全市。東與武漢市相連、西與宜昌市交界、南與湖南省接壤，北與荊門市毗鄰。總面積1。41萬平方公里，其中平原湖區佔78。8%，丘陵低山區佔21。2%，耕地面積43。15萬公頃。
荊州市轄荊州、沙市2區和江陵、公安、監利3縣，代管鬆滋、石首、洪湖3市，全市總人口630。12萬人，佔湖北省總人口的10。5%。市內居住有漢、回、蒙、土家等30個民族。中心城區面積54平方公里，人口75萬。
荊州屬亞熱帶季風氣候區。光能充足、熱量豐富、無霜期長。多數年份降雨量在1100-1300毫米之間。4-10月份降水量佔全年80%，太陽輻射量佔全年75%，≥10℃的積溫為全年80%，全市河流交錯、湖泊密佈，有大小河流近百餘條，均屬長江水系，主要有長江干流及其支流鬆滋河、虎渡河、藕池河、調絃河等。全市有千畝以上湖泊30多個，總面積8萬公頃，其中洪湖為湖北省第一大湖，總面積3。55萬公頃。
荊州旅遊資源得天獨厚，文化旅遊、生態旅遊蔚為大觀。市內有聞名遐邇的荊州古城，膾灸人口的三國故事，古老純樸的江漢民俗。紀南城、關公廟、章華寺、烏林古戰場、華容道等人文景觀底蘊深厚，荊州博物館被評為國家首批"4A"博物館,位居全國地市級博物館之首，館藏文物達12萬餘件，其中西漢古屍等國家一級文物近300件(套)。"一曲洪湖水，唱遍天下知"，洪湖湘鄂西革0據地的瞿家灣、周老咀等革命舊址已列入國家級愛國主義教育基地。境內山青水秀，湖泊縱橫，是典型的水鄉園林城市。近年來新建開發的鬆滋危水風景區、洪湖漁家度假區和石首天鵝洲麋鹿自然保護區等自然景觀令人流連忘返。
各位嘉賓，大家上午好!今天我們將參觀著名的荊州古城。
“聞聽三國事，每欲到荊州”。一提起荊州，您一定會自然而然地想到小說《三國演義》中劉備借荊州、魯肅討荊州、呂蒙襲荊州、關羽失荊州那些膾炙人口的三國故事，一百二十回《三國演義》，就有七十二回的內容涉及荊州。千百年來，到荊州古城探詢三國曆史煙雲陳跡的憑弔者、訪古者、探幽者絡繹不絕。作為大家的實地導遊，我很榮幸能夠借這樣一個機會把荊州古城逾兩千年來演變和發展的歷史畫卷展現給大家。
我們現在所處的位置是荊州城東門外，大家面前的這條几十米寬的河流就是護城河，在打仗之時，它是抵禦敵人攻城的一道天然屏障，而如今在這條河上，每年都會舉辦隆重的國際龍舟邀請賽。入城之前，首先請讓我給大家介紹一下荊州古城的歷史背景。
荊州城，又名江陵城。是目前我國南方儲存最為完整的一座古代城池，也是1982年國務院首批公佈的全國24座歷史文化名城之一;1996年，荊州古城牆被國務院公佈為全國重點文物保護單位;20xx年時，以荊州古城為中心的荊州市又被國家旅遊局命名為中國優秀旅遊城市。
回顧荊州的歷史，可以說與華夏上下五千年的文明史緊密相連。大家都知道，中華民族是炎黃子孫，黃帝和炎帝部落合併統一華夏後，“割地布九州”(冀、兗、青、徐、揚、荊、豫、樑、雍)，荊州即為這古老的九州之一。
“荊州”這個名稱，最早見於戰國時期的典籍《尚書?禹貢》中的“荊及衡陽惟荊州”，當時荊州的區域面積是很大的，春秋戰國時期的楚國便是興起於荊州域內。據史料記載，周莊王八年(即公元前689年)，楚文王將都城遷往今天荊州城北五公里處的紀南城，楚國在此建都長達420xx年，前後經歷了二十個國王，創造了與黃河流域中原文化輝映並重，並可與古希臘、古羅馬文化相媲美的楚文化。相傳楚成王(公元前671至520xx年)在位時，為了畢覽長江勝景，在荊州城區營建了“飛樓百尺照湖水、上有燕趙千娥眉”的諸宮和宮船碼頭，這諸宮和宮船碼頭就是今天荊州城的雛形。秦昭王二十九年(即公元前278年)，秦國名將白起率兵攻打楚國，佔領了江漢之間的地域，秦隨即在楚都設南郡，為當時全國三十六郡之一。後來，秦又在今天荊州城的地方設立江陵縣，“以地臨江”、“近州無高山，所有皆陵阜”，故稱“江陵”。公元前120xx年，漢武帝建立荊州刺史部，為全國為十三州之一，從此，荊州開始成為行政區劃的名稱。
自秦漢以後，荊州成為歷代王朝封王置府的重鎮，一直是州、郡一級治所，有的朝代還曾在此建都立國。三國時，這裡是爭霸的要津，孫劉聯合在赤壁一戰大破曹軍，劉備遂於次年向孫權借得荊州，並以此為根基迅速發展蜀國勢力。此後，東晉末年的安帝，南朝時的齊和帝、梁元帝、後梁宣帝，隋時的後梁王以及唐末五代十國時的南平國王等，先後有11個紛爭王侯在此稱帝(王)建都，長達100餘年。唐代的荊州是陪都，稱“南郡”，與長安城南北呼應。宋朝建立後，於此置江陵府。元初改江陵府為上路總管府。明初又改設荊州府。清代則沿用明朝制度。民國時，荊州屬湖北省第四行政都察區。中華人民共和國成立後，荊州城是湖北省荊州地區專員公署和江陵縣人民政府機關所在地。1994年，原荊州地區和沙市市合併成立荊沙市，1997年更名為荊州市，荊州城為荊州市六縣市二區的荊州區所在地。
荊州城地處天下之中，江湖之會，歷來就是兵家必爭之地。諸葛亮曾說：“荊州北據漢沔、利盡南海，東連吳、會，西通巴、蜀，此用武之國”。漢代以耿直忠烈聞名的宰相李固，三國名將關羽、周瑜、呂蒙、陸遜，晉代文武雙全的大司馬陶侃都曾鎮守過荊州;晉代詩人謝靈運、鮑照，唐代開明宰相張九齡、張柬之，大文學家韓愈、元稹以及宋代大政治家王安石等著名歷史人物，也都曾在荊州擔任過大小不同的職務。此外，歷代的許多次重大農民起義，也都把荊州作為重要的攻奪目標，如西漢末年的王匡、王鳳，唐末的黃巢，元末的陳友諒，明末的李自成和張獻忠等領導的農民起義軍都曾攻佔過荊州城。
除了是軍事要地，古代荊州城的經濟與文化也是非常活躍和繁榮的。由於交通便捷、土地肥沃、氣候溫和、物產豐富，早在西漢時期，它已發展成為全國十大商業中心之一，名列南方五郡之首。南北朝時，便成為“長江中游第一城”，與下游著名的商業城市揚州齊名，史稱“江左大鎮莫過荊、揚”。雖然在西魏時期曾一度毀於戰難，但到中唐又逐漸恢復繁華且其規模約十倍於以前，所以荊州城在當時被定位“陪都”，與長安、洛陽並稱。
·天門導遊詞 ·大水井導遊詞 紅樓導遊詞 ·木蘭天池導遊詞 ·武漢長江大橋導遊詞
荊州是楚文化的中心，是“鐘鳴楚天”的音樂、舞蹈之邦，享有“惟楚有才”的盛譽。千百年來，這裡文化昌盛，人才輩出，孕育有楚國著名愛國詩人屈原、唐代著名邊塞詩人岑參、宋代“小萬卷”朱昴等一大批江陵才子。在政壇，從荊州走出的宰相有唐代劉洎、段文昌和“一門三相”的岑之本、岑長清、岑羲祖孫三代，最為著名的是明代宰相張居正，他力主革除弊政，發展經濟，在當時起到了一定的積極作用，為後人所崇敬。同時，荊州城旖旎的自然風光和深厚的文化底蘊，還吸引了歷代眾多知名文人志士前來觀光遊覽、詠詩會友，漢代的司馬遷，魏晉南北朝的王粲、陶淵明，唐代的王維、孟浩然、李白、杜甫、劉禹錫、李商隱、杜牧，宋代的蘇軾、陸游及明清的袁巨集道、王士禎等都曾遊歷過荊州城，並留下大量的詩文佳作，其中最負盛名的當屬李白《下江陵》一詩中“朝辭白帝彩雲間，千里江陵一日還”的絕句了。
好了，說了這麼多，大家對荊州古城的過去一定有了進一步地瞭解吧。現在就讓我們一起去來看看現在的荊州城裡到底是個什麼樣子。請大家緊跟著我沿著右邊的人行道上城，左邊是馬道，如果您留意的話，就會發現砌成馬道的磚上刻有文字，這就是荊州古城牆上極為珍貴的銘文磚，又叫文字磚，它們記載了歷代修建荊州城牆的漫長曆史過程，反映了荊州所管轄的行政區域的變遷狀況，具有重要的歷史研究價值。
相傳在漢代荊州就築有正規的城牆，後經蜀將關羽、東吳守將朱然和東晉荊州刺史桓溫及梁元帝等12次維修擴建，使荊州城更加堅實壯闊，但這都是土城牆。據史料記載，荊州最初的磚城牆始建於五代十國時期，荊南節度使高季興出於割據荊州自立為王的目的，於公元920xx年動用十幾萬軍民大修荊州磚城牆，築城的磚不夠，就下令四處挖取墓磚，方圓五十里內的墳墓盡遭挖掘。據說城牆築成後，每到深夜，牆上便遊蕩出無數的磷光，看上去像“鬼火”，令人毛骨悚然。北宋末年，因“靖康”戰火焚燒，城牆大毀。到了南宋時，荊州安撫史趙雄為了加強荊州防禦，上奏淳熙皇帝准許，於公元1187年大興土木，在11個月的時間內重修起磚城牆，還在城牆上建造戰樓一千餘間，這次築城的磚為政府下令燒製的“專用城磚”，磚上有責任銘文，但沒有年號記載。後來，元兵攻佔荊州城，忽必烈下令將城牆全部拆除。朱元璋建立明朝後，再次依舊基修復，並在城周開掘護城河。明末張獻忠率領農民起義軍攻進荊州城後，城牆又被憤怒的義軍所拆除。直至清順治三年(即公元1646年)，第三次在舊基上築起城牆，這就是留存至今的荊州古城牆。城池構築十分堅牢，為了防止城牆因水侵腐蝕而下陷，城牆基腳全部用條石壘砌，牆面均用石灰糯米漿灌縫，儘管曾遭三毀三建，且歷經三百多個春秋寒暑，該城牆依然儲存完好。新中國成立以後，國家和當地政府對荊州古城進行了重點保護，對荊州城及周邊環境加以改造、整治、修繕和擴建，修建了內環道和外環道，疏通治理了護城河，在東門外和新北門分別建起了鳳凰廣場和天問廣場，使荊州古城更加美麗、雄偉、壯觀，這就是各位今天看到的荊州城古老而新鮮的面孔。
另外，據專家考證指出，到目前為止，荊州城牆上發現最早的、有年號的文字磚是明洪武二年(即公元1369年)的，距今已有六百多年的歷史，此磚比新華社報道的、在萬里長城上發現的萬曆年間的文字磚要早220xx年。更令人稱奇的是，從文字磚上記載得知，這些磚不僅僅出自江漢平原，還有的來自省內其他地方及省外的湖南、陝西、江西等地，由此可見當時築城工程之巨大。古代築城，還體現出一種質量管理的思想，歷代建築或維修城牆所留下的或詳或簡的責任銘文，實際上都是一種公開的責任狀。從城磚上文字記載的內容看，是十分細緻嚴格的，除了記錄有制磚的時間和地點外，還有關於監造人、制磚人、燒窯人、制磚費用、承擔者姓名和具體負責的地方官員的詳細銘文。可見在當時修築荊州城牆時採取了“全民動員、上下動手、分工明確、責任到人”的做法。荊州之所以在古代一直被譽為“鐵打的荊州”，與這種“責任制”是分不開的。這也是我們今天需要從先賢那裡學習和借鑑的。
大家仔細的觀察這些文字磚，細心的朋友還會發現在文字刻法上，既有陰刻，也有陽刻，還有陰陽兼刻;在書法字型上，既有行書，也有楷書;在字的寫法上，則既有繁體字，又有簡化字。因此，這些文字磚還有重要的藝術研究價值，值得進一步開發和利用。
現在，我們登上了東門城樓，憑欄遠眺，遙想關羽當年，朱顏長髯，手握青龍偃月刀，您是否也壯心勃發，能夠體驗到“一夫當關，萬夫莫開”的豪情呢?
從空中鳥瞰，荊州城牆就像一條游龍綿亙在水泊湖沼之中，呈不規則的橢圓形。整個城牆東西長公里，南北寬公里，周長公里，城內面積平方公里。城牆高米，頂面寬3至5米不等，底座寬10米左右。城牆上建有城垛4567個，炮臺26個以及藏兵洞4個。這些都是古代戰爭防禦進攻的工具。
荊州古城共建有六座城門，東北各兩座，西南各一座。東門名叫寅賓門，小東門名叫公安門，大北門名叫拱極門，又名柳門，小北門名叫遠安門，南門名叫南紀門，西門名叫安瀾門。每座城門的名稱都與荊州的地理、歷史和習俗有關，如小東門，當年劉備把油江口改為公安，迎娶孫夫人後乘船回荊州，在此門下舟登岸進荊州城，故名公安名;又如大北門，古時候城北有通往京都的大道，仕宦遷官調職時，皆出此門，官員友朋送行時，在此折柳相贈，故又稱柳門。為什麼古人不折桃李，卻偏要折柳相贈呢?這可是有來由的，據史書記載，我國自漢代起，親友臨別時折柳相贈漸成習俗，是因“柳”是“留”的諧音，折柳相贈有“挽留”、“留戀”之意。除小東門之外，其他五座城門均有閭門，為二重門，二門之間有甕城，二重門各設一個木質對開門，木門內還有一道10釐米厚的閘板，以防水患。此外，六座城門上原來都建有城門樓，東門城樓叫賓陽樓，小東門城樓叫望江樓，大北門城樓叫景龍樓，小北門城樓叫朝宗樓，南門城樓叫曲江樓，西門城樓叫九陽樓，由於朝代更替，歷史變遷，加上戰火的破壞，原有的城樓除大北門上的景龍樓為清朝道光十八年(即公元1838年)重修儲存至今外，都已不復存在了。我們現在所在的東門賓陽樓，是國家為了發展荊州旅遊事業，修繕和保護荊州古城於20世紀80年代撥款仿古重建的。
在荊州，“劉備借荊州”的故事就發生在這兒呢!
那裡有一座雄偉壯觀的古城牆，許多遊客都去攀登它古老寬闊的脊背。
春天，小朋友在城牆邊放著五顏六色的風箏，有的像在空中翱翔的小鳥，有的像正在覓食的老鷹......古城牆在形態各異的風箏的襯托下顯得格外美麗。
夏天，古城牆熱鬧非凡。有的人在清涼的護城河中游泳，有的人拿著相機“咔嚓、咔嚓”照個不停，為古城牆留下了美麗的瞬間，還有的人在城牆旁的柳樹下乘涼，一排排像一位位少女在微風中擺動著柔順的長髮。
秋天，樹葉翩然落下，紅色飛上了楓樹的枝頭，金色跑遍了無邊的田野，古城牆也變的美不勝收。一陣微風吹過，城牆兩側的爬山虎就像下起了“樹葉雨”，一片片葉子就像一隻只蝴蝶快樂的舞動著。看!護城河上漂浮著落葉組成的小艦隊，在風姑娘的助威聲中爭先恐後的駛向岸邊。
冬天，雪花漫天飛舞，房子上、樹上、地上都堆積著一層厚厚的雪，整個古城彷彿變成了一個白色的世界。許多樹枝被厚厚的積雪壓彎了腰，人們都到屋子裡圍著溫暖的爐火喝茶、聊天，只有古城牆還堅強的矗立在雪地上，像一條白色的巨龍守護著這片土地。
各位嘉賓，大家上午好!
今天我們將參觀著名的荊州古城。
“聞聽三國事，每欲到荊州”。一提起荊州，您一定會自然而然地想到小說《三國演義》中劉備借荊州、魯肅討荊州、呂蒙襲荊州、關羽失荊州那些膾炙人口的三國故事，一百二十回《三國演義》，就有七十二回的內容涉及荊州。千百年來，到荊州古城探詢三國曆史煙雲陳跡的憑弔者、訪古者、探幽者絡繹不絕。作為大家的實地導遊，我很榮幸能夠借這樣一個機會把荊州古城逾兩千年來演變和發展的歷史畫卷展現給大家。
我們現在所處的位置是荊州城東門外，大家面前的這條几十米寬的河流就是護城河，在打仗之時，它是抵禦敵人攻城的一道天然屏障，而如今在這條河上，每年都會舉辦隆重的國際龍舟邀請賽。入城之前，首先請讓我給大家介紹一下荊州古城的歷史背景。
荊州城，又名江陵城。是目前我國南方儲存最為完整的一座古代城池，也是1982年國務院首批公佈的全國24座歷史文化名城之一;1996年，荊州古城牆被國務院公佈為全國重點文物保護單位;20xx年時，以荊州古城為中心的荊州市又被國家旅遊局命名為中國優秀旅遊城市。
回顧荊州的歷史，可以說與華夏上下五千年的文明史緊密相連。大家都知道，中華民族是炎黃子孫，黃帝和炎帝部落合併統一華夏後，“割地布九州”(冀、兗、青、徐、揚、荊、豫、樑、雍)，荊州即為這古老的九州之一。
“荊州”這個名稱，最早見於戰國時期的典籍《尚書?禹貢》中的“荊及衡陽惟荊州”，當時荊州的區域面積是很大的，春秋戰國時期的楚國便是興起於荊州域內。據史料記載，周莊王八年(即公元前689年)，楚文王將都城遷往今天荊州城北五公里處的紀南城，楚國在此建都長達420xx年，前後經歷了二十個國王，創造了與黃河流域中原文化輝映 並重，並可與古希臘、古羅馬文化相媲美的楚文化。相傳楚成王(公元前671至520xx年)在位時，為了畢覽長江勝景，在荊州城區營建了“飛樓百尺照湖水、上有燕趙千娥眉”的諸宮和宮船碼頭，這諸宮和宮船碼頭就是今天荊州城的雛形。秦昭王二十九年(即公元前278年)，秦國名將白起率兵攻打楚國，佔領了江漢之間的地域，秦隨即在楚都設南郡，為當時全國三十六郡之一。後來，秦又在今天荊州城的地方設立江陵縣，“以地臨江”、“近州無高山，所有皆陵阜”，故稱“江陵”。公元前120xx年，漢武帝建立荊州刺史部，為全國為十三州之一，從此，荊州開始成為行政區劃的名稱。
自秦漢以後，荊州成為歷代王朝封王置府的重鎮，一直是州、郡一級治所，有的朝代還曾在此建都立國。三國時，這裡是爭霸的要津，孫劉聯合在赤壁一戰大破曹軍，劉備遂於次年向孫權借得荊州，並以此為根基迅速發展蜀國勢力。此後，東晉末年的安帝，南朝時的齊和帝、梁元帝、後梁宣帝，隋時的後梁王以及唐末五代十國時的南平國王等，先後有11個紛爭王侯在此稱帝(王)建都，長達100餘年。唐代的荊州是陪都，稱“南郡”，與長安城南北呼應。宋朝建立後，於此置江陵府。元初改江陵府為上路總管府。明初又改設荊州府。清代則沿用明朝制度。民國時，荊州屬湖北省第四行政都察區。中華人民共和國成立後，荊州城是湖北省荊州地區專員公署和江陵縣人民政府機關所在地。1994年，原荊州地區和沙市市合併成立荊沙市，1997年更名為荊州市，荊州城為荊州市六縣市二區的荊州區所在地。
荊州城地處天下之中，江湖之會，歷來就是兵家必爭之地。諸葛亮曾說：“荊州北據漢沔、利盡南海，東連吳、會，西通巴、蜀，此用武之國”。漢代以耿直忠烈聞名的宰相李固，三國名將關羽、周瑜、呂蒙、陸遜，晉代文武雙全的大司馬陶侃都曾鎮守過荊州;晉代詩人謝靈運、鮑照，唐代開明宰相張九齡、張柬之，大文學家韓愈、元稹以及宋代大政治家王安石等著名歷史人物，也都曾在荊州擔任過大小不同的職務。此外，歷代的許多次重大農民起義，也都把荊州作為重要的攻奪目標，如西漢末年的王匡、王鳳，唐末的黃巢，元末的陳友諒，明末的李自成和張獻忠等領導的農民起義軍都曾攻佔過荊州城。
除了是軍事要地，古代荊州城的經濟與文化也是非常活躍和繁榮的。由於交通便捷、土地肥沃、氣候溫和、物產豐富，早在西漢時期，它已發展成為全國十大商業中心之一，名列南方五郡之首。南北朝時，便成為“長江中游第一城”，與下游著名的商業城市揚州齊名，史稱“江左大鎮莫過荊、揚”。雖然在西魏時期曾一度毀於戰難，但到中唐又逐漸恢復繁華且其規模約十倍於以前，所以荊州城在當時被定位“陪都”，與長安、洛陽並稱。
荊州是楚文化的中心，是“鐘鳴楚天”的音樂、舞蹈之邦，享有“惟楚有才”的盛譽。千百年來，這裡文化昌盛，人才輩出，孕育有楚國著名愛國詩人屈原、唐代著名邊塞詩人岑參、宋代“小萬卷”朱昴等一大批江陵才子。在政壇，從荊州走出的宰相有唐代劉洎、段文昌和“一門三相”的岑之本、岑長清、岑羲祖孫三代，最為著名的是明代宰相張居正，他力主革除弊政，發展經濟，在當時起到了一定的積極作用，為後人所崇敬。同時，荊州城旖旎的自然風光和深厚的文化底蘊，還吸引了歷代眾多知名文人志士前來觀光遊覽、詠詩會友，漢代的司馬遷，魏晉南北朝的王粲、陶淵明，唐代的王維、孟浩然、李白、杜甫、劉禹錫、李商隱、杜牧，宋代的蘇軾、陸游及明清的袁巨集道、王士禎等都曾遊歷過荊州城，並留下大量的詩文佳作，其中最負盛名的當屬李白《下江陵》一詩中“朝辭白帝彩雲間，千里江陵一日還”的絕句了。
好了，說了這麼多，大家對荊州古城的過去一定有了進一步地瞭解吧。現在就讓我們一起去來看看現在的荊州城裡到底是個什麼樣子。請大家緊跟著我沿著右邊的人行道上城，左邊是馬道，如果您留意的話，就會發現砌成馬道的磚上刻有文字，這就是荊州古城牆上極為珍貴的銘文磚，又叫文字磚，它們記載了歷代修建荊州城牆的漫長曆史過程，反映了荊州所管轄的行政區域的變遷狀況，具有重要的歷史研究價值。
相傳在漢代荊州就築有正規的城牆，後經蜀將關羽、東吳守將朱然和東晉荊州刺史桓溫及梁元帝等12次維修擴建，使荊州城更加堅實壯闊，但這都是土城牆。據史料記載，荊州最初的磚城牆始建於五代十國時期，荊南節度使高季興出於割據荊州自立為王的目的，於公元920xx年動用十幾萬軍民大修荊州磚城牆，築城的磚不夠，就下令四處挖取墓磚，方圓五十里內的墳墓盡遭挖掘。據說城牆築成後，每到深夜，牆上便遊蕩出無數的磷光，看上去像“鬼火”，令人毛骨悚然。北宋末年，因“靖康”戰火焚燒，城牆大毀。到了南宋時，荊州安撫史趙雄為了加強荊州防禦，上奏淳熙皇帝准許，於公元1187年大興土木，在11個月的時間內重修起磚城牆，還在城牆上建造戰樓一千餘間，這次築城的磚為政府下令燒製的“專用城磚”，磚上有責任銘文，但沒有年號記載。後來，元兵攻佔荊州城，忽必烈下令將城牆全部拆除。朱元璋建立明朝後，再次依舊基修復，並在城周開掘護城河。明末張獻忠率領農民起義軍攻進荊州城後，城牆又被憤怒的義軍所拆除。直至清順治三年(即公元1646年)，第三次在舊基上築起城牆，這就是留存至今的荊州古城牆。城池構築十分堅牢，為了防止城牆因水侵腐蝕而下陷，城牆基腳全部用條石壘砌，牆面均用石灰糯米漿灌縫，儘管曾遭三毀三建，且歷經三百多個春秋寒暑，該城牆依然儲存完好。新中國成立以後，國家和當地政府對荊州古城進行了重點保護，對荊州城及周邊環境加以改造、整治、修繕和擴建，修建了內環道和外環道，疏通治理了護城河，在東門外和新北門分別建起了鳳凰廣場和天問廣場，使荊州古城更加美麗、雄偉、壯觀，這就是各位今天看到的荊州城古老而新鮮的面孔。
另外，據專家考證指出，到目前為止，荊州城牆上發現最早的、有年號的文字磚是明洪武二年(即公元1369年)的，距今已有六百多年的歷史，此磚比新華社報道的、在萬里長城上發現的萬曆年間的文字磚要早220xx年。更令人稱奇的是，從文字磚上記載得知，這些磚不僅僅出自江漢平原，還有的來自省內其他地方及省外的湖南、陝西、江西等地，由此可見當時築城工程之巨大。古代築城，還體現出一種質量管理的思想，歷代建築或維修城牆所留下的或詳或簡的責任銘文，實際上都是一種公開的責任狀。從城磚上文字記載的內容看，是十分細緻嚴格的，除了記錄有制磚的時間和地點外，還有關於監造人、制磚人、燒窯人、制磚費用、承擔者姓名和具體負責的地方官員的詳細銘文。可見在當時修築荊州城牆時採取了“全民動員、上下動手、分工明確、責任到人”的做法。荊州之所以在古代一直被譽為“鐵打的荊州”，與這種“責任制”是分不開的。這也是我們今天需要從先賢那裡學習和借鑑的。
大家仔細的觀察這些文字磚，細心的朋友還會發現在文字刻法上，既有陰刻，也有陽刻，還有陰陽兼刻;在書法字型上，既有行書，也有楷書;在字的寫法上，則既有繁體字，又有簡化字。因此，這些文字磚還有重要的藝術研究價值，值得進一步開發和利用。
現在，我們登上了東門城樓，憑欄遠眺，遙想關羽當年，朱顏長髯，手握青龍偃月刀，您是否也壯心勃發，能夠體驗到“一夫當關，萬夫莫開”的豪情呢?
從空中鳥瞰，荊州城牆就像一條游龍綿亙在水泊湖沼之中，呈不規則的橢圓形。整個城牆東西長3.75公里，南北寬1.2公里，周長10.5公里，城內面積4.5平方公里。城牆高8.83米，頂面寬3至5米不等，底座寬10米左右。城牆上建有城垛4567個，炮臺26個以及藏兵洞4個。這些都是古代戰爭防禦進攻的工具。
荊州古城共建有六座城門，東北各兩座，西南各一座。東門名叫寅賓門，小東門名叫公安門，大北門名叫拱極門，又名柳門，小北門名叫遠安門，南門名叫南紀門，西門名叫安瀾門。每座城門的名稱都與荊州的地理、歷史和習俗有關，如小東門，當年劉備把油江口改為公安，迎娶孫夫人後乘船回荊州，在此門下舟登岸進荊州城，故名公安名;又如大北門，古時候城北有通往京都的大道，仕宦遷官調職時，皆出此門，官員友朋送行時，在此折柳相贈，故又稱柳門。為什麼古人不折桃李，卻偏要折柳相贈呢?這可是有來由的，據史書記載，我國自漢代起，親友臨別時折柳相贈漸成習俗，是因“柳”是“留”的諧音，折柳相贈有“挽留”、“留戀”之意。除小東門之外，其他五座城門均有閭門，為二重門，二門之間有甕城，二重門各設一個木質對開門，木門內還有一道10釐米厚的閘板，以防水患。此外，六座城門上原來都建有城門樓，東門城樓叫賓陽樓，小東門城樓叫望江樓，大北門城樓叫景龍樓，小北門城樓叫朝宗樓，南門城樓叫曲江樓，西門城樓叫九陽樓，由於朝代更替，歷史變遷，加上戰火的破壞，原有的城樓除大北門上的景龍樓為清朝道光十八年(即公元1838年)重修儲存至今外，都已不復存在了。我們現在所在的東門賓陽樓，是國家為了發展荊州旅遊事業，修繕和保護荊州古城於20世紀80年代撥款仿古重建的。
荊州城內外還零星散落著一些歷史遺蹟，也是值得大家前往一遊的地方，如城內的開元觀、玄妙觀、鐵女寺、文廟、關帝廟，城外的太暉觀、關公點將臺、張飛一擔土等，除了城牆和這些歷史遺蹟外，在荊州城內再難看到古老的建築，取而代之的是鱗次櫛比的高樓大廈。隨著時間的推進，昔日荊州城內的小街小巷也有寬闊的馬路代替，形成縱橫交錯、井然有序的公路網。為了適應現代交通工具的需要，在東、南、北三面的城牆上又開鑿了適合公交車輛通行的三座新城門，使今天荊州城的城門變為了9座。荊州古城內四處透射著現代氣息，商業氛圍非常濃郁，大型的商場有荊州商場、荊州百貨大樓、荊州華聯商廈、荊州楚天大樓等，在這些商場裡各類商品應有盡有，如果您想購買一些荊州的土特產品帶回家作為紀念或饋贈親朋，我在此可以如數家珍地把荊州風物介紹給大家，請大家用心聽好嘍：在聚珍園這座有著百年曆史的老飯店裡可以買到正宗的江陵八寶飯，在荊州百貨大樓裡可以買到香酥可口的江陵九黃餅，在荊州絲綢廠裡可以買到稱心如意的織錦緞、仿古綢等絲綢產品，在荊州工藝美術廠還可以買到品種各異的仿古漆器……
好了，荊州古城的有關情況就給大家介紹到這兒了。現在給大家一刻鐘的時間自由活動，大家可以在此拍照留念。
荊州古城又名江陵城。是我國曆史文化名城之一。 南鄰沙市，傍倚長江。城牆盤旋於湖光水色之中，依地勢而起伏，順湖池而迂迴，蜿蜒伸展，狀若游龍。巍巍古城，已有20xx多年曆史，自秦漢起，聳有城廓，五代十國後，始建磚城，宋、元、明幾毀幾修。現儲存完好的古城牆，為清順治三年(公元1646年)依明城垣所建，近年來，沿城牆內外修建了許多新景點。
大家都知道《三國演義》裡的劉備假意哭荊州、關公大意失荊州的故事。這裡就是“兵家必爭之地。”的荊州。這個著名的文化名城，座落在遼闊富饒的江漢平原的西沿。漢朝的時候，全國劃分為三十六州，這裡因北有荊山而得名。東晉以後，有幾個皇帝在這裡建都，使這座城池成了歷代王朝屯兵置府的重鎮、兵家必爭之地。
荊州城由於地處江湖之會，是連線東南西北水陸交通的樞紐，這裡土地肥沃，氣候溫和，特產豐富，而且還曾是全國重要的商業中心之一，在西漢時期，名列南方五郡之冠。
荊州這個名稱，是上古大禹治水時所定的九州(冀、袞、青、揚、荊、豫、樑、雍)之一，以當時境內荊山得名。三國以後，荊州城一直是州、郡一級的治所，有的還曾在此建都立國。
荊州古城分為三層，外邊是水城，中間是磚城，裡面是土城。據說當年為防止城基下陷，洪水泛城，右城腳條石縫中澆灌糯米漿，因而城牆特別堅固。傳說三國蜀將關雲長鎮守荊州，忽遇九位仙女下凡。傳王母娘娘旨意，說荊州刀兵動得太多，要收回置於神地，不準凡人爭奪。關公忠於其兄不讓荊州，於是想了一個計策，說：“你們在西北，我在東南，各築一城，城週五千步，天黑始，雞鳴止，誰先築好，誰就管理這個地方。，九仙女用衣裙兜土，關公伐蘆葦築城。關公城就，九仙女城差一隅，雞尚未鳴。關公振動雞籠蘆蓆，公雞啼鳴，九仙女羞愧地上天去了。這就是現在荊州城北門外九女琢的來歷。又傳說張飛也挑擔土來幫二哥築城，可是來晚了，便將土倒在東門外，現今人們都把這兩座小口山似的土叫“張飛一擔土”。這些都是神話傳說，然而關公為了防範東吳，在漢代舊城旁築了一座新城，都是有歷史記載的。
荊州城北十華里，是春秋戰國時代中國南方最大城市的遺址——“楚紀南故城”。楚國有二十個國王，前後四百一十一年在這裡建都。故城地上、地下、城內、城外，蘊藏著豐富的楚國文化。在這裡隨手都可以揀到兩千多年前的瓦片和陶片。
在荊州古城內有關三國的古蹟，還有關公行軍的大鐵鍋、養馬槽;有呂蒙襲荊州時，守軍丟盔棄甲的擲甲山等等。城外，八嶺山中有關眾多有關三國關羽傳說的遺址。我們步下八嶺山南端的落帽臺，向山中進發，穿過層層松林，來到關公刨泉處。泉邊碑文記載：“劉先主困當陽時，關公引師救之，取道過此，人馬俱困，忠義感泉湧出，傳誦至今。”現在，這口泉的泉水，或為茶亭取水泡茶以待遊人;或為酒廠取水釀酒，以款賓客。
悠久的歷史，給荊州留下了難以數計的古文物，現儲存在荊州博物館內的就有三千多件。以臥薪嚐膽聞名的越王勾踐，他所使用的一把寶劍，一九六五年在荊州城北出土。劍上有烏篆銘文：「越王勾踐，自作用劍」八個大字。劍身滿是菱形花紋，鑲嵌著三色玻璃和綠松石。劍刃極其鋒利，至今仍能吹毛斷髮，削鐵如泥。
由於上學的原因,來到了這個古城,荊州雖不能與北京,上海那些大城市比,但它有它獨特的韻味,在荊州,最常見的就是它的古城牆了.這裡共有7個城門,整個城市就是被城牆包圍著的.三月裡,春暖花開,結伴一起騎著腳踏車,迎著暖暖的春風,把我們青春的腳步留在城牆腳下,也留下我們美好的回憶!
荊州還有很多有名的景點:桃花島,荊州長江天鵝洲白暨豚國家級自然保護區,萬壽寶塔,春秋閣,金鳳騰飛,三國公園,荊州博物館等等.現在正是去桃花村的大好時機呀,品嚐著農家菜,看著片片桃花,心情豁然開朗的許多,在這裡遠離城市的喧鬧,好似來到了世外桃源呀!
這個著名的文化士城，座落在遼闊富饒的江漢平原的西沿。漢朝的時候，全國劃分為三十六州，道里因北有荊山而得名。東晉以後，有幾個皇帝在這裡建都，使這座城池成了歷代王朝屯兵置府的重鎮、兵家必爭之地。
荊州古城分為三層，外邊是水城，中間是磚城，裡面是土城。據說當年為防止城基下陷，洪水泛城，右城腳條石縫中澆灌糯米漿，因而城牆特別堅固。傳說三國蜀將關雲長鎮守荊州，忽遇九位仙女下凡。傳王母娘娘旨意，說荊州 刀兵動得太多，要收回置於神地，不準凡人爭奪。關公忠於其兄不讓荊州，於是想了一個計策，說：“你們在西北，我在東南，各築一城，城週五千步，天黑始，雞鳴止，誰先築好，誰就管理這個地方。，九仙女用衣裙兜土，關公伐蘆葦築城。關公城就，九仙女城差一隅，雞尚未鳴。關公振動雞籠蘆蓆，公雞啼鳴，九仙女羞愧地上天去了。這就是現在荊州城北門外九女琢的來歷。又傳說張飛也挑擔土來幫二哥築城，可是來晚了，便將土倒在東門外，現今人們都把這兩座小口山似的土叫“張飛一擔土”。這些都是神話傳說，然而關公為了防範東吳，在漢代舊城旁築了一座新城，都是有歷史記載的。 凡讀過《三國演義》的人，都知道劉備假意哭荊州、關公大意失荊州的故事。我們的第一站就到了“兵家必爭之地。”的荊州。
荊州市位於湖北省中南部、江漢平原腹地，東望省會武漢、西接長江三峽，南與湖南常德、岳陽、益陽交界、北與荊門毗鄰，轄荊州、沙市兩個區和公安、監利、江陵三個縣及鬆滋、洪湖、石首三個市。總國土面積483平方公里，總人口630萬。
荊州城早在四千多年前的夏代就已經形成，它是大禹治水定天下，定下來的九州之一，因為它管轄範圍很大，包括湖北、湖南，兩廣邊界和河南南陽盆地，而且靠的是湖北省南漳縣西邊的荊山山脈，當時古人按照依山傍水定地名的慣例定它為荊州。這個城市的特點就是一城二名，既叫荊州城，又叫江陵城，江陵城的來歷是兩千六百多年以前成立了江陵縣，江陵這兩個字的意思就是“遠處無高山，近處皆陵埠”，也就是遠處沒有高山，近處都是丘陵和水的意思。“千里江陵一日還”的詩句，說的就是這個城市。
現在咱們所在的位置是荊州市的沙市區，不知道在座的朋友有沒有來過我們沙市的呢?沙市原先是個輕工業城市，特別是紡織業比較發達，而且還有幾個比較有名的企業，比如說活力28我想大家應該都知道吧。另外呢，沙市最早的時候也不叫沙市，叫沙石，可能是因為原來這裡石頭比較多的原因吧。原來它是長江上比較熱鬧的一個碼頭，早在1895年，清政府跟英國簽定的(馬關條約)裡面有一條就是在長江上開闢五個通商口岸，那麼沙市就是這五個通商口岸中的其中之一。
荊州市是楚文化的發祥地，中外聞名的三國古戰場，湘鄂西革命根據地的中心，是國務院首批公佈的全國24座歷史文化名城之一，地處長江三峽旅遊線、古三國旅遊線、楚文化旅遊線上，人文景觀很多，歷史遺蹟遍佈全市，現有國家級重點文物保護單位5處：雞公山遺址、楚紀南城、八嶺山古墓群、荊州古城牆、湘鄂西革命根據地舊址;省級重點文物保護單位32處，市9(縣)級重點文物保護單位500餘處。荊州自古為兵家必爭之地。三國時，魏、蜀、吳為奪取荊州，不是留下了“劉備借荊州”、“關羽大意失荊州”等許多動人的故事，而且留下了大量的三國遺址。主要有江陵的關公點將臺、馬跑泉，洪湖的曹操灣、烏林寨，監利的子龍崗、華容道，石首的繡林鎮、劉郎浦，公安的孫夫人城等。荊州城有儲存完好的古城牆，歷經1800多年，古貌猶存。現存城規模之大儲存之好，為我過南方所僅有，在全國也為數不多。城內有建於唐代的開元觀、玄妙觀，建於明代的太暉觀，建於清代的文廟、關廟和鐵女寺。據考古發現、，荊州早在五千年前就是原始人類生存的地區，城北的雞公山就是五萬年至二十萬年前的一處舊石器時代的遺址。五、六千年前，人類在荊州大地上創造了燦爛的屈家嶺文化和石家河文化。春秋戰過時代，青銅器冶煉技術，煅鑄鐵技術，絲織刺繡技術和漆器工藝技術都處於世界領先水平;老莊哲學、楚辭文學和音樂舞蹈也都登上了古代世界文明的殿堂。楚故都紀南城及其周圍，有楚城遺址5座，楚文化遺址83處，大型古墓800多處，其中包括18個楚王的葬墓。三國時期，諸葛亮稱荊州“北據漢沔，利盡南海，東連吳會，西通巴蜀，此用武之過也。”魏、蜀、吳三國的眾多政治家、軍事家圍繞荊州鬥智鬥勇，留下了無數膾炙人口的故事和許多三國勝蹟。
荊州自古人傑地靈，素有“唯楚有才”之譽。世界四大歷史文化名人之一的屈原，就曾在這裡任職20餘年。屈原是世界四大文化名人中的一員，也是我國傑出的大文豪，最早的偉大愛國詩人，還是偉大的政治家、思想家、外交家和改革家。屈原，名平，字原，又名正則，表字靈均。“正則”即“平”，以法天：“靈均”即“原”，以法地。戰國時期楚國人，故里漢壽滄港。約生於公元前340年正月初7日(有說初5日)，逝於公元前278年，5月初5日，享年62歲。屈原是楚武王熊通之後，“屈”是楚國(昭、屈、景)三族中第一個大旺族。武王把次子“瑕”分封在屈的地方，即今日的漢壽境地。“瑕”就以“屈”為他的派稱，以後便成了“屈”姓。從“瑕”到屈原已有5百多年的歷史。屈原的祖父屈宜恤，做過宣王時的司馬，威王時的“莫敖”，是威震諸侯的大將軍，屈原的父親屈丐，字伯庸，是統帥楚國最精銳“申息”之師的大將軍。
屈原幼年，入公侯子第學校讀書，資質聰穎，過目不忘，又日夜苦讀，積累了不少文、史、神話和天文方面的知識，加之其父母教育甚嚴，公認他是王族子弟中的姣姣者，
屈原青年時，就明於治理，嫻於辭令。德才兼備，又是武王的後裔，懷王很器重他。約18歲就選入王室，20歲就奉命第一次出使(使者相當大夫)齊國，出色地完成了六國聯盟的重任。約22歲被任為左徒(太傅，即國王的祕書長)僅次於令尹(宰相)，職位極大，並與楚懷王“成言”，即對天盟誓，君臣志同到老。便參與懷王內政外交的重大決策。他積極主張明王法度。舉賢薦能，聯齊抗秦，統一中國，實現“美政”，懷王樂意採納。然而以南後鄭袖為首的貴族集團嫉妒屈原，反對改革，盡力讒毀，昏君糊塗地把他流放，此時屈原約30歲。
屈原離京後，前往江南途中，因秦魏攻楚時，懷王想起屈原，便派人找回了他，懷王命他第二次出齊，聯齊抗秦，憑自身的才名和三寸不爛之舌，一舉說服齊宣王。但是，張儀又勾結南後再次詆譭屈原，懷王勃然大怒，改任他為三閭大夫，此職是掌管王族三姓的有關事務，負責譜牒，祭祀和教育等。雖職位較高，但不能面見國王。當懷王出秦赴約時，容顏憔悴的屈原，跪在路邊哭勸，反被奸臣靳尚推倒在地，飛車而去，其惡果懷王被扣，囚禁三年，死於秦國，這時屈原已42歲。
屈原聽說懷王靈柩已回，赴京扶柩痛哭，並奉勸襄王與秦斷交，襄王已動心而未成行，反娶秦王之女，認賊作父，屈原竟拼命求見，在宮門口卻碰上子蘭，他大聲怒罵子蘭。第二天，子蘭向襄王極力屈原，襄王大怒，便撤了他三閭大夫之職，流放江南很久他已50餘歲了。
屈原離開郢都，沿長江而下，滿懷悲憤，憂愁交加，便寫下了《離騷》。在流浪中寫了《招魂》，還設靈位誦此詩祭祀懷王。以後過洞庭、逆沅水，回到漢壽滄港故里住了很久。在此期間他每天在河邊湖畔走來走去，獨吟詩歌。他已面黃肌瘦，形若枯槁。一天在滄浪河畔遇漁父相交談心，便寫下了《漁父》。爾後，他離家行至湘水時，秦軍破郢都，聞此訊息，他更憂國憂民，心似火焚，就寫下最後一首《懷沙》詩，表明他堅守忠潔、誓死不屈的決心。於5月5日自沉汩羅江，年62歲，故里滄港人民一聽到屈原投河，立刻去汩羅撈屍，並將包好的粽子投入河中，以免魚龍傷害屍體。年年如此，便成了端午龍舟競渡和包粽子的傳統風俗。
1953年，農曆5月初5日，我國廣泛開展了紀念屈原的活動。同年9月，世界和平理事會開會紀念屈原，號召全世界人民向他學習。
屈原創造了與日月爭光的楚辭25篇，其中23篇是在故里滄港寫就。《離騷》是中國詩壇的傑作。也是世界著名的史詩，譯成許多國家的文字。在很多國家的圖書館裡還掛著屈原的畫像。《國風》和《離騷》合稱為“風騷”，連詩人也稱“騷人”。抗日時期，曾一時定5月5日為“詩人節”。
屈原雖已離我們2283週年了，但他的著作是全世界人民的精神財富，具有深遠的歷史意義。和偉大的現實意義。我們不僅要世代緬懷他，而且要廣泛宣傳和認真學習他。我們要學習他堅持奮進的思想，忠誠高潔的品德，寧死不屈的意志和愛國愛民的偉大精神。
明朝“宰相之傑”張居正，字叔大，號太嶽，湖廣江陵(今屬湖北)人，又稱張江陵。明代政治家，改革家。嘉靖二十六年(1547年)進士，由編修官至侍講學士令翰林事。隆慶元年(1567年)任吏部左侍郎兼東閣大學士。隆慶時與高拱併為宰輔，為吏部尚書、建極殿大學士。萬曆初年，與宦官馮保合謀逐高拱，代為首輔。當時神宗年幼，一切軍政大事均由居正主持裁決，前後當國10年，實行了一系列改革措施，收到一定成效。他清查地主隱瞞的田地，推行一條鞭法，改變賦稅制度，使明朝政府的財政狀況有所改善;用名將戚繼光、李成樑等練兵，加強北部邊防，整飭邊鎮防務;用潘季馴主持浚治黃淮，亦頗有成效。萬曆十年(1582年)卒，贈上柱國，諡文忠。死後不久即被宦官張誠及守舊官僚所攻訐，籍其家;至天啟時方恢復名譽。著有《張太嶽集》、《書經直解》等。“公安派”文學才子三袁，當代著名文學家曹禺、鄒荻帆、歐陽山等，都是荊州人。
荊州水陸交通發達，通訊裝置日趨完備。有干支公路1569條，全市在網通車裡程4099.18公里，中心城區公交線路28條，運營線路網長度138公里。207、318國道和宜黃公路貫穿全境。焦枝、荊沙鐵路穿越其間。以長江、漢江為主航道，水上運輸便利。擁有程控電話、光纖通訊、彩色電視電話、數字微波等現代化通訊裝置，同時受世界上150多個國家和地區的郵電業務。
這個著名的文化士城，座落在遼闊富饒的江漢平原的西沿。漢朝的時候，全國劃分為三十六州，道里因北有荊山而得名。東晉以後，有幾個皇帝在這裡建都，使這座城池成了歷代王朝屯兵置府的重鎮、兵家必爭之地。
荊州古城分為三層，外邊是水城，中間是磚城，裡面是土城。據說當年為防止城基下陷，洪水泛城，右城腳條石縫中澆灌糯米漿，因而城牆特別堅固。傳說三國蜀將關雲長鎮守荊州，忽遇九位仙女下凡。傳王母娘娘旨意，說荊州 刀兵動得太多，要收回置於神地，不準凡人爭奪。關公忠於其兄不讓荊州，於是想了一個計策，說：“你們在西北，我在東南，各築一城，城週五千步，天黑始，雞鳴止，誰先築好，誰就管理這個地方。，九仙女用衣裙兜土，關公伐蘆葦築城。關公城就，九仙女城差一隅，雞尚未鳴。關公振動雞籠蘆蓆，公雞啼鳴，九仙女羞愧地上天去了。這就是現在荊州城北門外九女琢的來歷。又傳說張飛也挑擔土來幫二哥築城，可是來晚了，便將土倒在東門外，現今人們都把這兩座小口山似的土叫“張飛一擔土”。這些都是神話傳說，然而關公為了防範東吳，在漢代舊城旁築了一座新城，都是有歷史記載的。 凡讀過《三國演義》的人，都知道劉備假意哭荊州、關公大意失荊州的故事。我們的第一站就到了“兵家必爭之地。”的荊州。
荊州市位於湖北省中南部、江漢平原腹地，東望省會武漢、西接長江三峽，南與湖南常德、岳陽、益陽交界、北與荊門毗鄰，轄荊州、沙市兩個區和公安、監利、江陵三個縣及鬆滋、洪湖、石首三個市。總國土面積483平方公里，總人口630萬。
荊州城早在四千多年前的夏代就已經形成，它是大禹治水定天下，定下來的九州之一，因為它管轄範圍很大，包括湖北、湖南，兩廣邊界和河南南陽盆地，而且靠的是湖北省南漳縣西邊的荊山山脈，當時古人按照依山傍水定地名的慣例定它為荊州。這個城市的特點就是一城二名，既叫荊州城，又叫江陵城，江陵城的來歷是兩千六百多年以前成立了江陵縣，江陵這兩個字的意思就是“遠處無高山，近處皆陵埠”，也就是遠處沒有高山，近處都是丘陵和水的意思。“千里江陵一日還”的詩句，說的就是這個城市。
現在咱們所在的位置是荊州市的沙市區，不知道在座的朋友有沒有來過我們沙市的呢?沙市原先是個輕工業城市，特別是紡織業比較發達，而且還有幾個比較有名的企業，比如說活力28我想大家應該都知道吧。另外呢，沙市最早的時候也不叫沙市，叫沙石，可能是因為原來這裡石頭比較多的原因吧。原來它是長江上比較熱鬧的一個碼頭，早在1895年，清政府跟英國簽定的(馬關條約)裡面有一條就是在長江上開闢五個通商口岸，那麼沙市就是這五個通商口岸中的其中之一。
荊州市是楚文化的發祥地，中外聞名的三國古戰場，湘鄂西革命根據地的中心，是國務院首批公佈的全國24座歷史文化名城之一，地處長江三峽旅遊線、古三國旅遊線、楚文化旅遊線上，人文景觀很多，歷史遺蹟遍佈全市，現有國家級重點文物保護單位5處：雞公山遺址、楚紀南城、八嶺山古墓群、荊州古城牆、湘鄂西革命根據地舊址;省級重點文物保護單位32處，市9(縣)級重點文物保護單位500餘處。荊州自古為兵家必爭之地。三國時，魏、蜀、吳為奪取荊州，不是留下了“劉備借荊州”、“關羽大意失荊州”等許多動人的故事，而且留下了大量的三國遺址。主要有江陵的關公點將臺、馬跑泉，洪湖的曹操灣、烏林寨，監利的子龍崗、華容道，石首的繡林鎮、劉郎浦，公安的孫夫人城等。荊州城有儲存完好的古城牆，歷經1800多年，古貌猶存。現存城規模之大儲存之好，為我過南方所僅有，在全國也為數不多。城內有建於唐代的開元觀、玄妙觀，建於明代的太暉觀，建於清代的文廟、關廟和鐵女寺。據考古發現、，荊州早在五千年前就是原始人類生存的地區，城北的雞公山就是五萬年至二十萬年前的一處舊石器時代的遺址。五、六千年前，人類在荊州大地上創造了燦爛的屈家嶺文化和石家河文化。春秋戰過時代，青銅器冶煉技術，煅鑄鐵技術，絲織刺繡技術和漆器工藝技術都處於世界領先水平;老莊哲學、楚辭文學和音樂舞蹈也都登上了古代世界文明的殿堂。楚故都紀南城及其周圍，有楚城遺址5座，楚文化遺址83處，大型古墓800多處，其中包括18個楚王的葬墓。三國時期，諸葛亮稱荊州“北據漢沔，利盡南海，東連吳會，西通巴蜀，此用武之過也。”魏、蜀、吳三國的眾多政治家、軍事家圍繞荊州鬥智鬥勇，留下了無數膾炙人口的故事和許多三國勝蹟。
荊州自古人傑地靈，素有“唯楚有才”之譽。世界四大歷史文化名人之一的屈原，就曾在這裡任職20餘年。屈原是世界四大文化名人中的一員，也是我國傑出的大文豪，最早的偉大愛國詩人，還是偉大的政治家、思想家、外交家和改革家。屈原，名平，字原，又名正則，表字靈均。“正則”即“平”，以法天：“靈均”即“原”，以法地。戰國時期楚國人，故里漢壽滄港。約生於公元前340年正月初7日(有說初5日)，逝於公元前278年，5月初5日，享年62歲。屈原是楚武王熊通之後，“屈”是楚國(昭、屈、景)三族中第一個大旺族。武王把次子“瑕”分封在屈的地方，即今日的漢壽境地。“瑕”就以“屈”為他的派稱，以後便成了“屈”姓。從“瑕”到屈原已有5百多年的歷史。屈原的祖父屈宜恤，做過宣王時的司馬，威王時的“莫敖”，是威震諸侯的大將軍，屈原的父親屈丐，字伯庸，是統帥楚國最精銳“申息”之師的大將軍。
屈原幼年，入公侯子第學校讀書，資質聰穎，過目不忘，又日夜苦讀，積累了不少文、史、神話和天文方面的知識，加之其父母教育甚嚴，公認他是王族子弟中的姣姣者，
屈原青年時，就明於治理，嫻於辭令。德才兼備，又是武王的後裔，懷王很器重他。約18歲就選入王室，20歲就奉命第一次出使(使者相當大夫)齊國，出色地完成了六國聯盟的重任。約22歲被任為左徒(太傅，即國王的祕書長)僅次於令尹(宰相)，職位極大，並與楚懷王“成言”，即對天盟誓，君臣志同到老。便參與懷王內政外交的重大決策。他積極主張明王法度。舉賢薦能，聯齊抗秦，統一中國，實現“美政”，懷王樂意採納。然而以南後鄭袖為首的貴族集團嫉妒屈原，反對改革，盡力讒毀，昏君糊塗地把他流放，此時屈原約30歲。
屈原離京後，前往江南途中，因秦魏攻楚時，懷王想起屈原，便派人找回了他，懷王命他第二次出齊，聯齊抗秦，憑自身的才名和三寸不爛之舌，一舉說服齊宣王。但是，張儀又勾結南後再次詆譭屈原，懷王勃然大怒，改任他為三閭大夫，此職是掌管王族三姓的有關事務，負責譜牒，祭祀和教育等。雖職位較高，但不能面見國王。當懷王出秦赴約時，容顏憔悴的屈原，跪在路邊哭勸，反被奸臣靳尚推倒在地，飛車而去，其惡果懷王被扣，囚禁三年，死於秦國，這時屈原已42歲。
屈原聽說懷王靈柩已回，赴京扶柩痛哭，並奉勸襄王與秦斷交，襄王已動心而未成行，反娶秦王之女，認賊作父，屈原竟拼命求見，在宮門口卻碰上子蘭，他大聲怒罵子蘭。第二天，子蘭向襄王極力 屈原，襄王大怒，便撤了他三閭大夫之職，流放江南很久他已50餘歲了。
屈原離開郢都，沿長江而下，滿懷悲憤，憂愁交加，便寫下了《離騷》。在流浪中寫了《招魂》，還設靈位誦此詩祭祀懷王。以後過洞庭、逆沅水，回到漢壽滄港故里住了很久。在此期間他每天在河邊湖畔走來走去，獨吟詩歌。他已面黃肌瘦，形若枯槁。一天在滄浪河畔遇漁父相交談心，便寫下了《漁父》。爾後，他離家行至湘水時，秦軍破郢都，聞此訊息，他更憂國憂民，心似火焚，就寫下最後一首《懷沙》詩，表明他堅守忠潔、誓死不屈的決心。於5月5日自沉汩羅江，年62歲，故里滄港人民一聽到屈原投河，立刻去汩羅撈屍，並將包好的粽子投入河中，以免魚龍傷害屍體。年年如此，便成了端午龍舟競渡和包粽子的傳統風俗。
1953年，農曆5月初5日，我國廣泛開展了紀念屈原的活動。同年9月，世界和平理事會開會紀念屈原，號召全世界人民向他學習。
屈原創造了與日月爭光的楚辭25篇，其中23篇是在故里滄港寫就。《離騷》是中國詩壇的傑作。也是世界著名的史詩，譯成許多國家的文字。在很多國家的圖書館裡還掛著屈原的畫像。《國風》和《離騷》合稱為“風騷”，連詩人也稱“騷人”。抗日時期，曾一時定5月5日為“詩人節”。
屈原雖已離我們2283週年了，但他的著作是全世界人民的精神財富，具有深遠的歷史意義。和偉大的現實意義。我們不僅要世代緬懷他，而且要廣泛宣傳和認真學習他。我們要學習他堅持奮進的思想，忠誠高潔的品德，寧死不屈的意志和愛國愛民的偉大精神。
明朝“宰相之傑”張居正，字叔大，號太嶽，湖廣江陵(今屬湖北)人，又稱張江陵。明代政治家，改革家。嘉靖二十六年(1547年)進士，由編修官至侍講學士令翰林事。隆慶元年(1567年)任吏部左侍郎兼東閣大學士。隆慶時與高拱併為宰輔，為吏部尚書、建極殿大學士。萬曆初年，與宦官馮保合謀逐高拱，代為首輔。當時神宗年幼，一切軍政大事均由居正主持裁決，前後當國20xx年，實行了一系列改革措施，收到一定成效。他清查地主隱瞞的田地，推行一條鞭法，改變賦稅制度，使明朝政府的財政狀況有所改善;用名將戚繼光、李成樑等練兵，加強北部邊防，整飭邊鎮防務;用潘季馴主持浚治黃淮，亦頗有成效。萬曆十年(1582年)卒，贈上柱國，諡文忠。死後不久即被宦官張誠及守舊官僚所攻訐，籍其家;至天啟時方恢復名譽。著有《張太嶽集》、《書經直解》等。“公安派”文學才子三袁，當代著名文學家曹禺、鄒荻帆、歐陽山等，都是荊州人。
荊州水陸交通發達，通訊裝置日趨完備。有干支公路1569條，全市在網通車裡程4099.18公里，中心城區公交線路28條，運營線路網長度138公里。207、318國道和宜黃公路貫穿全境。焦枝、荊沙鐵路穿越其間。以長江、漢江為主航道，水上運輸便利。擁有程控電話、光纖通訊、彩色電視電話、數字微波等現代化通訊裝置，同時受世界上150多個國家和地區的郵電業務。
荊州古城又名江陵城。是我國曆史文化名城之一。 南鄰沙市，傍倚長江。城牆盤旋於湖光水色之中，依地勢而起伏，順湖池而迂迴，蜿蜒伸展，狀若游龍。巍巍古城，已有20xx多年曆史，自秦漢起，聳有城廓，五代十國後，始建磚城，宋、元、明幾毀幾修。現儲存完好的古城牆，為清順治三年(公元1646年)依明城垣所建，近年來，沿城牆內外修建了許多新景點。
大家都知道《三國演義》裡的劉備假意哭荊州、關公大意失荊州的故事。這裡就是“兵家必爭之地。”的荊州。這個著名的文化名城，座落在遼闊富饒的江漢平原的西沿。漢朝的時候，全國劃分為三十六州，這裡因北有荊山而得名。東晉以後，有幾個皇帝在這裡建都，使這座城池成了歷代王朝屯兵置府的重鎮、兵家必爭之地。
荊州城由於地處江湖之會，是連線東南西北水陸交通的樞紐，這裡土地肥沃，氣候溫和，特產豐富，而且還曾是全國重要的商業中心之一，在西漢時期，名列南方五郡之冠。
荊州這個名稱，是上古大禹治水時所定的九州(冀、袞、青、揚、荊、豫、樑、雍)之一，以當時境內荊山得名。三國以後，荊州城一直是州、郡一級的治所，有的還曾在此建都立國。
荊州古城分為三層，外邊是水城，中間是磚城，裡面是土城。據說當年為防止城基下陷，洪水泛城，右城腳條石縫中澆灌糯米漿，因而城牆特別堅固。傳說三國蜀將關雲長鎮守荊州，忽遇九位仙女下凡。傳王母娘娘旨意，說荊州刀兵動得太多，要收回置於神地，不準凡人爭奪。關公忠於其兄不讓荊州，於是想了一個計策，說：“你們在西北，我在東南，各築一城，城週五千步，天黑始，雞鳴止，誰先築好，誰就管理這個地方。，九仙女用衣裙兜土，關公伐蘆葦築城。關公城就，九仙女城差一隅，雞尚未鳴。關公振動雞籠蘆蓆，公雞啼鳴，九仙女羞愧地上天去了。這就是現在荊州城北門外九女琢的來歷。又傳說張飛也挑擔土來幫二哥築城，可是來晚了，便將土倒在東門外，現今人們都把這兩座小口山似的土叫“張飛一擔土”。這些都是神話傳說，然而關公為了防範東吳，在漢代舊城旁築了一座新城，都是有歷史記載的。
荊州城北十華里，是春秋戰國時代中國南方最大城市的遺址——“楚紀南故城”。楚國有二十個國王，前後四百一十一年在這裡建都。故城地上、地下、城內、城外，蘊藏著豐富的楚國文化。在這裡隨手都可以揀到兩千多年前的瓦片和陶片。
在荊州古城內有關三國的古蹟，還有關公行軍的大鐵鍋、養馬槽;有呂蒙襲荊州時，守軍丟盔棄甲的擲甲山等等。城外，八嶺山中有關眾多有關三國關羽傳說的遺址。我們步下八嶺山南端的落帽臺，向山中進發，穿過層層松林，來到關公刨泉處。泉邊碑文記載：“劉先主困當陽時，關公引師救之，取道過此，人馬俱困，忠義感泉湧出，傳誦至今。”現在，這口泉的泉水，或為茶亭取水泡茶以待遊人;或為酒廠取水釀酒，以款賓客。
悠久的歷史，給荊州留下了難以數計的古文物，現儲存在荊州博物館內的就有三千多件。以臥薪嚐膽聞名的越王勾踐，他所使用的一把寶劍，一九六五年在荊州城北出土。劍上有烏篆銘文：「越王勾踐，自作用劍」八個大字。劍身滿是菱形花紋，鑲嵌著三色玻璃和綠松石。劍刃極其鋒利，至今仍能吹毛斷髮，削鐵如泥。
由於上學的原因,來到了這個古城,荊州雖不能與北京,上海那些大城市比,但它有它獨特的韻味,在荊州,最常見的就是它的古城牆了.這裡共有7個城門,整個城市就是被城牆包圍著的.三月裡,春暖花開,結伴一起騎著腳踏車,迎著暖暖的春風,把我們青春的腳步留在城牆腳下,也留下我們美好的回憶!
荊州還有很多有名的景點:桃花島,荊州長江天鵝洲白暨豚國家級自然保護區,萬壽寶塔,春秋閣,金鳳騰飛,三國公園,荊州博物館等等.現在正是去桃花村的大好時機呀,品嚐著農家菜,看著片片桃花,心情豁然開朗的許多,在這裡遠離城市的喧鬧,好似來到了世外桃源呀!
這個著名的文化士城，座落在遼闊富饒的江漢平原的西沿。漢朝的時候，全國劃分為三十六州，道里因北有荊山而得名。東晉以後，有幾個皇帝在這裡建都，使這座城池成了歷代王朝屯兵置府的重鎮、兵家必爭之地。
荊州古城分為三層，外邊是水城，中間是磚城，裡面是土城。據說當年為防止城基下陷，洪水泛城，右城腳條石縫中澆灌糯米漿，因而城牆特別堅固。傳說三國蜀將關雲長鎮守荊州，忽遇九位仙女下凡。傳王母娘娘旨意，說荊州刀兵動得太多，要收回置於神地，不準凡人爭奪。關公忠於其兄不讓荊州，於是想了一個計策，說：“你們在西北，我在東南，各築一城，城週五千步，天黑始，雞鳴止，誰先築好，誰就管理這個地方。，九仙女用衣裙兜土，關公伐蘆葦築城。關公城就，九仙女城差一隅，雞尚未鳴。關公振動雞籠蘆蓆，公雞啼鳴，九仙女羞愧地上天去了。這就是現在荊州城北門外九女琢的來歷。又傳說張飛也挑擔土來幫二哥築城，可是來晚了，便將土倒在東門外，現今人們都把這兩座小口山似的土叫“張飛一擔土”。這些都是神話傳說，然而關公為了防範東吳，在漢代舊城旁築了一座新城，都是有歷史記載的。凡讀過《三國演義》的人，都知道劉備假意哭荊州、關公大意失荊州的故事。我們的第一站就到了“兵家必爭之地。”的荊州。
各位嘉賓，大家上午好!
今天我們將參觀著名的荊州古城。
“聞聽三國事，每欲到荊州”。一提起荊州，您一定會自然而然地想到小說《三國演義》中劉備借荊州、魯肅討荊州、呂蒙襲荊州、關羽失荊州那些膾炙人口的三國故事，一百二十回《三國演義》，就有七十二回的內容涉及荊州。千百年來，到荊州古城探詢三國曆史煙雲陳跡的憑弔者、訪古者、探幽者絡繹不絕。作為大家的實地導遊，我很榮幸能夠借這樣一個機會把荊州古城逾兩千年來演變和發展的歷史畫卷展現給大家。
我們現在所處的位置是荊州城東門外，大家面前的這條几十米寬的河流就是護城河，在打仗之時，它是抵禦敵人攻城的一道天然屏障，而如今在這條河上，每年都會舉辦隆重的國際龍舟邀請賽。入城之前，首先請讓我給大家介紹一下荊州古城的歷史背景。
荊州城，又名江陵城。是目前我國南方儲存最為完整的一座古代城池，也是1982年國務院首批公佈的全國24座歷史文化名城之一;1996年，荊州古城牆被國務院公佈為全國重點文物保護單位;20xx年時，以荊州古城為中心的荊州市又被國家旅遊局命名為中國優秀旅遊城市。
回顧荊州的歷史，可以說與華夏上下五千年的文明史緊密相連。大家都知道，中華民族是炎黃子孫，黃帝和炎帝部落合併統一華夏後，“割地布九州”(冀、兗、青、徐、揚、荊、豫、樑、雍)，荊州即為這古老的九州之一。
“荊州”這個名稱，最早見於戰國時期的典籍《尚書?禹貢》中的“荊及衡陽惟荊州”，當時荊州的區域面積是很大的，春秋戰國時期的楚國便是興起於荊州域內。據史料記載，周莊王八年(即公元前689年)，楚文王將都城遷往今天荊州城北五公里處的紀南城，楚國在此建都長達420xx年，前後經歷了二十個國王，創造了與黃河流域中原文化輝映 並重，並可與古希臘、古羅馬文化相媲美的楚文化。相傳楚成王(公元前671至520xx年)在位時，為了畢覽長江勝景，在荊州城區營建了“飛樓百尺照湖水、上有燕趙千娥眉”的諸宮和宮船碼頭，這諸宮和宮船碼頭就是今天荊州城的雛形。秦昭王二十九年(即公元前278年)，秦國名將白起率兵攻打楚國，佔領了江漢之間的地域，秦隨即在楚都設南郡，為當時全國三十六郡之一。後來，秦又在今天荊州城的地方設立江陵縣，“以地臨江”、“近州無高山，所有皆陵阜”，故稱“江陵”。公元前120xx年，漢武帝建立荊州刺史部，為全國為十三州之一，從此，荊州開始成為行政區劃的名稱。
自秦漢以後，荊州成為歷代王朝封王置府的重鎮，一直是州、郡一級治所，有的朝代還曾在此建都立國。三國時，這裡是爭霸的要津，孫劉聯合在赤壁一戰大破曹軍，劉備遂於次年向孫權借得荊州，並以此為根基迅速發展蜀國勢力。此後，東晉末年的安帝，南朝時的齊和帝、梁元帝、後梁宣帝，隋時的後梁王以及唐末五代十國時的南平國王等，先後有11個紛爭王侯在此稱帝(王)建都，長達100餘年。唐代的荊州是陪都，稱“南郡”，與長安城南北呼應。宋朝建立後，於此置江陵府。元初改江陵府為上路總管府。明初又改設荊州府。清代則沿用明朝制度。民國時，荊州屬湖北省第四行政都察區。中華人民共和國成立後，荊州城是湖北省荊州地區專員公署和江陵縣人民政府機關所在地。1994年，原荊州地區和沙市市合併成立荊沙市，1997年更名為荊州市，荊州城為荊州市六縣市二區的荊州區所在地。
荊州城地處天下之中，江湖之會，歷來就是兵家必爭之地。諸葛亮曾說：“荊州北據漢沔、利盡南海，東連吳、會，西通巴、蜀，此用武之國”。漢代以耿直忠烈聞名的宰相李固，三國名將關羽、周瑜、呂蒙、陸遜，晉代文武雙全的大司馬陶侃都曾鎮守過荊州;晉代詩人謝靈運、鮑照，唐代開明宰相張九齡、張柬之，大文學家韓愈、元稹以及宋代大政治家王安石等著名歷史人物，也都曾在荊州擔任過大小不同的職務。此外，歷代的許多次重大農民起義，也都把荊州作為重要的攻奪目標，如西漢末年的王匡、王鳳，唐末的黃巢，元末的陳友諒，明末的李自成和張獻忠等領導的農民起義軍都曾攻佔過荊州城。
除了是軍事要地，古代荊州城的經濟與文化也是非常活躍和繁榮的。由於交通便捷、土地肥沃、氣候溫和、物產豐富，早在西漢時期，它已發展成為全國十大商業中心之一，名列南方五郡之首。南北朝時，便成為“長江中游第一城”，與下游著名的商業城市揚州齊名，史稱“江左大鎮莫過荊、揚”。雖然在西魏時期曾一度毀於戰難，但到中唐又逐漸恢復繁華且其規模約十倍於以前，所以荊州城在當時被定位“陪都”，與長安、洛陽並稱。
荊州是楚文化的中心，是“鐘鳴楚天”的音樂、舞蹈之邦，享有“惟楚有才”的盛譽。千百年來，這裡文化昌盛，人才輩出，孕育有楚國著名愛國詩人屈原、唐代著名邊塞詩人岑參、宋代“小萬卷”朱昴等一大批江陵才子。在政壇，從荊州走出的宰相有唐代劉洎、段文昌和“一門三相”的岑之本、岑長清、岑羲祖孫三代，最為著名的是明代宰相張居正，他力主革除弊政，發展經濟，在當時起到了一定的積極作用，為後人所崇敬。同時，荊州城旖旎的自然風光和深厚的文化底蘊，還吸引了歷代眾多知名文人志士前來觀光遊覽、詠詩會友，漢代的司馬遷，魏晉南北朝的王粲、陶淵明，唐代的王維、孟浩然、李白、杜甫、劉禹錫、李商隱、杜牧，宋代的蘇軾、陸游及明清的袁巨集道、王士禎等都曾遊歷過荊州城，並留下大量的詩文佳作，其中最負盛名的當屬李白《下江陵》一詩中“朝辭白帝彩雲間，千里江陵一日還”的絕句了。
好了，說了這麼多，大家對荊州古城的過去一定有了進一步地瞭解吧。現在就讓我們一起去來看看現在的荊州城裡到底是個什麼樣子。請大家緊跟著我沿著右邊的人行道上城，左邊是馬道，如果您留意的話，就會發現砌成馬道的磚上刻有文字，這就是荊州古城牆上極為珍貴的銘文磚，又叫文字磚，它們記載了歷代修建荊州城牆的漫長曆史過程，反映了荊州所管轄的行政區域的變遷狀況，具有重要的歷史研究價值。
相傳在漢代荊州就築有正規的城牆，後經蜀將關羽、東吳守將朱然和東晉荊州刺史桓溫及梁元帝等12次維修擴建，使荊州城更加堅實壯闊，但這都是土城牆。據史料記載，荊州最初的磚城牆始建於五代十國時期，荊南節度使高季興出於割據荊州自立為王的目的，於公元920xx年動用十幾萬軍民大修荊州磚城牆，築城的磚不夠，就下令四處挖取墓磚，方圓五十里內的墳墓盡遭挖掘。據說城牆築成後，每到深夜，牆上便遊蕩出無數的磷光，看上去像“鬼火”，令人毛骨悚然。北宋末年，因“靖康”戰火焚燒，城牆大毀。到了南宋時，荊州安撫史趙雄為了加強荊州防禦，上奏淳熙皇帝准許，於公元1187年大興土木，在11個月的時間內重修起磚城牆，還在城牆上建造戰樓一千餘間，這次築城的磚為政府下令燒製的“專用城磚”，磚上有責任銘文，但沒有年號記載。後來，元兵攻佔荊州城，忽必烈下令將城牆全部拆除。朱元璋建立明朝後，再次依舊基修復，並在城周開掘護城河。明末張獻忠率領農民起義軍攻進荊州城後，城牆又被憤怒的義軍所拆除。直至清順治三年(即公元1646年)，第三次在舊基上築起城牆，這就是留存至今的荊州古城牆。城池構築十分堅牢，為了防止城牆因水侵腐蝕而下陷，城牆基腳全部用條石壘砌，牆面均用石灰糯米漿灌縫，儘管曾遭三毀三建，且歷經三百多個春秋寒暑，該城牆依然儲存完好。新中國成立以後，國家和當地政府對荊州古城進行了重點保護，對荊州城及周邊環境加以改造、整治、修繕和擴建，修建了內環道和外環道，疏通治理了護城河，在東門外和新北門分別建起了鳳凰廣場和天問廣場，使荊州古城更加美麗、雄偉、壯觀，這就是各位今天看到的荊州城古老而新鮮的面孔。
另外，據專家考證指出，到目前為止，荊州城牆上發現最早的、有年號的文字磚是明洪武二年(即公元1369年)的，距今已有六百多年的歷史，此磚比新華社報道的、在萬里長城上發現的萬曆年間的文字磚要早220xx年。更令人稱奇的是，從文字磚上記載得知，這些磚不僅僅出自江漢平原，還有的來自省內其他地方及省外的湖南、陝西、江西等地，由此可見當時築城工程之巨大。古代築城，還體現出一種質量管理的思想，歷代建築或維修城牆所留下的或詳或簡的責任銘文，實際上都是一種公開的責任狀。從城磚上文字記載的內容看，是十分細緻嚴格的，除了記錄有制磚的時間和地點外，還有關於監造人、制磚人、燒窯人、制磚費用、承擔者姓名和具體負責的地方官員的詳細銘文。可見在當時修築荊州城牆時採取了“全民動員、上下動手、分工明確、責任到人”的做法。荊州之所以在古代一直被譽為“鐵打的荊州”，與這種“責任制”是分不開的。這也是我們今天需要從先賢那裡學習和借鑑的。
大家仔細的觀察這些文字磚，細心的朋友還會發現在文字刻法上，既有陰刻，也有陽刻，還有陰陽兼刻;在書法字型上，既有行書，也有楷書;在字的寫法上，則既有繁體字，又有簡化字。因此，這些文字磚還有重要的藝術研究價值，值得進一步開發和利用。
現在，我們登上了東門城樓，憑欄遠眺，遙想關羽當年，朱顏長髯，手握青龍偃月刀，您是否也壯心勃發，能夠體驗到“一夫當關，萬夫莫開”的豪情呢?
從空中鳥瞰，荊州城牆就像一條游龍綿亙在水泊湖沼之中，呈不規則的橢圓形。整個城牆東西長3.75公里，南北寬1.2公里，周長10.5公里，城內面積4.5平方公里。城牆高8.83米，頂面寬3至5米不等，底座寬10米左右。城牆上建有城垛4567個，炮臺26個以及藏兵洞4個。這些都是古代戰爭防禦進攻的工具。
荊州古城共建有六座城門，東北各兩座，西南各一座。東門名叫寅賓門，小東門名叫公安門，大北門名叫拱極門，又名柳門，小北門名叫遠安門，南門名叫南紀門，西門名叫安瀾門。每座城門的名稱都與荊州的地理、歷史和習俗有關，如小東門，當年劉備把油江口改為公安，迎娶孫夫人後乘船回荊州，在此門下舟登岸進荊州城，故名公安名;又如大北門，古時候城北有通往京都的大道，仕宦遷官調職時，皆出此門，官員友朋送行時，在此折柳相贈，故又稱柳門。為什麼古人不折桃李，卻偏要折柳相贈呢?這可是有來由的，據史書記載，我國自漢代起，親友臨別時折柳相贈漸成習俗，是因“柳”是“留”的諧音，折柳相贈有“挽留”、“留戀”之意。除小東門之外，其他五座城門均有閭門，為二重門，二門之間有甕城，二重門各設一個木質對開門，木門內還有一道10釐米厚的閘板，以防水患。此外，六座城門上原來都建有城門樓，東門城樓叫賓陽樓，小東門城樓叫望江樓，大北門城樓叫景龍樓，小北門城樓叫朝宗樓，南門城樓叫曲江樓，西門城樓叫九陽樓，由於朝代更替，歷史變遷，加上戰火的破壞，原有的城樓除大北門上的景龍樓為清朝道光十八年(即公元1838年)重修儲存至今外，都已不復存在了。我們現在所在的東門賓陽樓，是國家為了發展荊州旅遊事業，修繕和保護荊州古城於20世紀80年代撥款仿古重建的。
荊州城內外還零星散落著一些歷史遺蹟，也是值得大家前往一遊的地方，如城內的開元觀、玄妙觀、鐵女寺、文廟、關帝廟，城外的太暉觀、關公點將臺、張飛一擔土等，除了城牆和這些歷史遺蹟外，在荊州城內再難看到古老的建築，取而代之的是鱗次櫛比的高樓大廈。隨著時間的推進，昔日荊州城內的小街小巷也有寬闊的馬路代替，形成縱橫交錯、井然有序的公路網。為了適應現代交通工具的需要，在東、南、北三面的城牆上又開鑿了適合公交車輛通行的三座新城門，使今天荊州城的城門變為了9座。荊州古城內四處透射著現代氣息，商業氛圍非常濃郁，大型的商場有荊州商場、荊州百貨大樓、荊州華聯商廈、荊州楚天大樓等，在這些商場裡各類商品應有盡有，如果您想購買一些荊州的土特產品帶回家作為紀念或饋贈親朋，我在此可以如數家珍地把荊州風物介紹給大家，請大家用心聽好嘍：在聚珍園這座有著百年曆史的老飯店裡可以買到正宗的江陵八寶飯，在荊州百貨大樓裡可以買到香酥可口的江陵九黃餅，在荊州絲綢廠裡可以買到稱心如意的織錦緞、仿古綢等絲綢產品，在荊州工藝美術廠還可以買到品種各異的仿古漆器……
好了，荊州古城的有關情況就給大家介紹到這兒了。現在給大家一刻鐘的時間自由活動，大家可以在此拍照留念。
三優範文網