大家好，我是這次旅遊的導遊，我姓*，大家可以叫我*導!
現在快到目的地--北京天壇，所以我先給大家將一些注意事項：“禮貌、衛生、秩序、眼看手勿動、禁止亂塗亂畫”這五點，記得哦!
乘客們，旅遊景點已到，請大家有秩序的下車!現在我們來到了天壇的正門，這裡是皇帝前來祭祀時進出的大門。現在，就讓我一一地為大家介紹吧!
天壇，1998年11月被列入《世界遺產名錄》。它位於北京城南端，是明、清兩代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈禱五穀豐收的地方。天壇不僅是中國古建築中的明珠，也是世界建築史上的瑰寶。
天壇東西長1700米，南北寬1600米，種面積為273萬平方米。天壇包括圜丘和祈谷二壇，圍牆分內外兩層，呈回字形。北圍牆為孤圓形，南圍牆與東西牆成直角相交，為方形。這種南方北圓，，通稱“天地牆”，象徽古代“天圓地方”之說。
以上就是天壇的故事，時間不早了，現在，大家自由參觀拍照吧!--轉眼間，我們的北京天壇一日遊又結束了，大家有秩序的坐車回家吧!
你們看，我們來到了雄偉的故宮，故宮又稱紫禁城，是明清兩代的皇宮;故宮是世界上規模最大最完整的古代木結構建築群，為我們國家最大的古建築群。它使建於明永樂(公元14XX年)，XX年才完工呢，有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了，我們現在準備去大殿裡，請遊客朋友們跟上隊伍，千萬別掉隊，否則走丟了，就找不到我們了!”好，現在跟隨我進入大殿，故宮有三座大殿：太和殿，中和殿和保和殿。大殿建在漢白玉砌成的8米高的臺基上，遠望猶如神話的瓊宮仙闕。太和殿是最富麗堂皇的建築，俗稱“金鑾殿”，是皇上舉行大典的地方，這座殿高28米，東西63米，西北35米，有直徑達1米的大柱92根，其中6根圍繞御座的瀝粉金漆的潘龍柱。御座設在殿內高2米的臺上，前有造型，美觀的仙鶴，爐，鼎，後面精雕細刻的圍屏。整個大殿裝飾得金碧輝煌，莊嚴絢麗。中和殿是皇上去太和殿舉行大典前稍事休息和演習禮儀的地方，保和殿是每年除夕皇帝賜宴外潘王公的場所。遊客朋友們先休息一下，觀賞下這三個大殿，可以摸一摸，等下我們去內延，以乾清宮，交泰殿，坤寧宮為中心，東西兩翼有東六宮和西六宮，是皇上平日辦事和妃子居住的地方。“好，今天的活動到此結束!祝大家玩得開心”
各位遊客大家好，接下來，我們將前往香山公園景區。首先，請允許簡要地介紹一下景區的概況。香山公園位於海淀區，北京市西郊,是國家AAAA級景區，北京市精品公園，20_年通過ISO9001國際質量管理體系和ISO14001國際環境管理體系認證。景區佔地180餘公頃，是一座歷史悠久、文化底蘊豐富、具有山林特色的皇家園林。
香山公園歷史悠久，文物古蹟眾多,早在1186年就出現了人文景觀。香山寺曾為京西寺廟之冠。
在遼代，這裡是私人宅邸。當時有個中丞名阿勒彌者，見這裡山青水秀，遂建宅舍。金世宗完顏雍大定二十六年(1186)，始在此山建大永安寺，亦叫甘露寺，即現在香山寺之前身。金章宗時，又在此建會景樓和祭星臺建築，從此皇家苑囿的規模初步形成。清乾隆十年(1745)，動用了大批人力、物力、財力，對香山進行了大規模建設，形成了盛清時期京西“三山五園”之一，即"靜宜園"。此時園內景物非凡，建築多樣，各式的亭臺樓閣、廊軒館榭、牌坊、廟宇等分佈在山巒坡坎之上，掩映在茂林綠蔭之中。
香山四季美景不斷。如果把北京西郊比作北京現代化大都市的"後花園"。那麼,歷史悠久的香山公園便以"春天山花爛漫,夏日清爽宜人,深秋紅葉飄丹,冬林銀妝素裹"的自然景觀,成為北京西郊的綠谷"氧吧"。公園內樹木繁多,森林覆蓋率達96%，僅古樹名木就有5800餘株，佔北京城區的四分之一，公園具有獨特的"山川、名泉、古樹、紅葉"資源。香山紅葉馳名中外，1986年被評為"新北京十六景"之一，成為首都秋季最靚麗的一道景觀，每到深秋時節，數以萬計的中外遊客齊聚香山，共賞秋色。
也許各位會問，香山問什麼叫做香山呢?大家不妨猜猜看。
(可能是五花八門的答案，也可能，是有人知道的)
其實，香山的得名原因有三種說法，其一是：香山海拔557米，最高峰頂有一塊巨大的乳峰石，形狀像香爐，晨昏之際，雲霧繚繞，遠遠望去，猶如爐中香菸裊裊上升，故名香爐山，簡稱香山。
圓靈應現殿兩側各設罩子門一座。殿後高臺之上，是“眼界寬”廠廳一座三間。正間外簷向東掛“眼界寬”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。眼界寬南北接出遊廊，又似環爬山廊，曲折而上，與“青霞寄逸”樓相連。
青霞寄逸為兩層歇山頂，上下各三間的樓一座。下層前簷向東掛“青霞寄逸”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆寶。第二層，樓外簷向東掛“鷲峰雲湧”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆寶。]j_2PSJG
青霞寄逸樓下，靠壁建有“水月空明”殿一座三間。正殿外簷向東掛“水月空明”匾一面，綠地藍字，乾隆寶。
水月空明殿前建有“詹卜香林”六方亭式樓一座三間。第一層，亭外前簷向東掛“詹卜香林”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。第二層，亭外前簷向東掛“無住法.輪”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。第三層，內隔斷上掛“能仁妙覺”匾對一分，乾隆寶。亭外前簷向東掛“光明蓮界”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。
雙清泉
雙清泉位於古老的香山寺腳下，為香山南山之水。根據《天府廣記》記載:“丹砂井在香山下，相傳為葛稚川丹井。二井，一泉水上湧，一泉水橫流，味及甘甜。”乾隆皇帝在香山靜宜園休息時，品嚐泉水，覺得清涼甘甜，連聲叫好，賜名為“雙清”，御筆題名命人刻在石壁上。雙清泉從雙清下流知樂濠、過瓔珞巖、流入帶水屏山(靜翠湖)，流入園外。
佳日亭
佳日亭是香山公園內結構最複雜的仿唐式亭臺建築，它位於位於眼鏡湖南側，最初是拍攝電視劇《唐明皇》的時候搭建的一個道具，因其與周圍景緻極為協調，許多遊人在此爭先合影留念，而後改建為“佳日亭”。
見心齋
見心齋位於公園內北門內西側，是園中之園。始建於明嘉靖年間(1522-1566)頗具江南特色的園林庭院，清嘉慶年間續建。傳說是皇帝鑑證大臣是否對他忠心的地方，故名見心齋。院內半圓形水池三面環以圍廊彩畫，正殿見心齋正對知魚亭，齋後為正凝堂，魚池內1000多尾紅鯽錦鯉暢遊，使這別緻的小院充滿了生機。
昭廟
宗鏡大昭之廟，又稱“昭廟”，始建於乾隆四十五年(1780)七月。它是為迎接班禪六世來京向乾隆皇帝祝賀七十大大壽而建的，故世稱之為班禪行宮。乾隆四十五年九月十九日，宗鏡大昭之廟開光。六世班禪額爾德尼於乾隆四十五年九月二十日來到香山靜宜園，在其行宮內遊覽休息。乾隆四十五年十一月九年級日，班禪額爾德尼由於身染痘症，系毒火太盛，於戌時圓寂於西黃寺內。
雙清別墅
香山雙清別墅位於香山公園南麓的半山腰，環境幽雅，以其蒼翠的竹林、遮天蔽日的銀杏、挺拔的松柏、古樸的建築引人前往。然而真正使這個地方聞名天下的並不是她的秀麗風光，而是因為這裡曾是毛主席住過的地方，曾是中共中央的指揮中心，曾發生過扭轉中國命運決定中國前途的大事。黨的七屆二中全會在西柏坡勝利閉幕後，以農村包圍城市為戰略思想的毛澤東，實現了他的夙願，提出要大踏步地前進，到北平去!毛澤東主席風趣地說：“走啦，咱們這是進京趕考!”1949年3月25日中共中央從西柏坡遷入香山雙清。在雙清別墅，毛澤東主席指揮了渡江戰役，在這裡籌備了新政協，籌建了新中國，在這裡寫下了《人民解放軍佔領南京》等膾炙人口的不朽詩篇。1994年，雙清別墅被命名為“北京市青少年教育基地”。這裡有毛澤東當年生活工作過的原狀陳列;有毛澤東與愛子親切交談的地方----六角紅亭。有記錄一代偉人的《毛澤東在雙清活動展覽》……。《毛澤東在雙清活動展覽》由《從西柏坡到北平香山》、《毛澤東在雙清》、《領袖生活在香山》三部分組成，集中反映了毛澤東等老一輩無產階級革.命家運籌帷幄決勝千里之外的軍事才能，反映了老一輩無產階級革.命家艱苦奮鬥的革.命歷程。
雙清別墅是廣大青少年進行愛國主義和革.命傳統教育的校外課堂，是企事業單位、學校組織過主題黨日、團日、隊日活動的好場所。香山公園也充分利用這一資源，通過“我為雙清站一崗”、“愛北京，愛博物館”徵文等形式開展形式多樣的愛國主義教育活動，公園在雙清別墅設立了有關毛澤東的圖書和紀念品專櫃，增加播放“毛澤東在雙清”專題片和相關史料宣傳片。
碧雲寺
碧雲寺創建於1331年，至今已有近720_年的歷史，是國家級文物保護單位。碧雲寺原為元代開國元勳耶律楚材舍宅修建，原名碧雲庵，據說當初在修建時，正值碧空如洗，白雲出岫，可謂“碧色淨如雲”，於是命名。後經明清兩代多次修繕擴建才形成今天的規模，並於明正德年間改名為“碧雲寺”。1920_年，孫中山先生在京病逝，靈柩在碧雲寺停放，直到1920_年才移至南京的中山陵，為了永久緬懷一代偉人，寺內設有孫中山紀念堂和孫中山先生衣冠冢。
碧雲寺整組建築以排列在中軸線上的六進院落為主體，南北各配一組院落，層層殿堂依山勢迭起，由山門至金剛寶座塔，高度相差100餘米，總體佈局採用迥旋串連引人入勝的建造形式，每進院落各具特色，給人以層出不窮之感，院內香氣瀰漫，鐘磬聲悠，幡幢微蕩。
據史料記載，1748年，乾隆皇帝對碧雲寺進行了大規模的修建，在儲存原有寺院的基礎上，修建了金剛寶座塔、羅漢堂和水泉院，由於原有建築無較大變動，因此碧雲寺建築和文物基本保留了明代風格。乾隆皇帝曾經在遊歷碧雲寺時題寫了“西山佛寺累百，惟碧雲以巨集麗著稱……”的詩句(摘自《乾隆御製碧雲寺碑文》)，由此可知，碧雲寺在京西寺廟中具有很高的地位。
孫中山紀念堂
孫中山紀念堂座落在香山碧雲寺內，自1977年10月1日正式對遊人開放以來，成千上萬的社會各界人士紛紛前來瞻仰參觀，是革.命傳統教育和愛國主義教育的重要基地。紀念堂內正中安放著中國國民黨中央委員會暨全國各地中山學校敬獻的中山先生漢白玉全身塑像，左右牆壁上鑲嵌著用漢白玉雕刻的孫中山先生所寫的《致蘇聯遺書》，正廳西北隅陳列著1920_年3月30日蘇聯人民送來的玻璃蓋鋼棺，堂內還陳列著孫中山先生的遺墨、遺著。
正廳兩側的中山先生紀念堂展覽室集中反映了孫中山先生革.命的一生，為人們更好地瞭解中山先生的生平、生活暨革.命業績提供了珍貴、豐富的教材。第一展室內容分為六個部分：求學立志、致力革.命、推翻帝制、建立民國、討袁護法、偉大轉折。概括了中山先生為了追求真理，振興中華，經過艱苦卓絕的鬥爭，推翻了大清王朝，結束了封建帝制，開創了中國乃至亞洲民主共和的新紀元，將中國革.命推向了一個新的階段。第二展室分五個部分：抱病北上、病逝北京、暫厝香山、移靈南下、緬懷偉人。介紹了中山先生為了國家的和平統一，毅然抱病北上，直至生命的最後一息。
偉大的愛國者和革.命先行者孫中山先生，深受世界炎黃子孫崇敬和愛戴，黨的_大稱頌他是“中國百年鉅變的第一位偉人。”毛澤東曾說：“他全心全意地為了改造中國而耗費了畢生的精力，真是鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已。”孫中山先生為了祖國的和平和統一，四處奔走，直到生命的最後一刻。他癌魔纏身，不顧自己的安危，累死在北京、暫厝香山的過程就是集中的體現。1920_年10月，馮玉祥發動北京政變，電邀孫中山先生北上共謀國是。為了國家能和平統一，中山先生髮表了《北上宣言》，召開國民會議重申反對帝國主義和封建軍閥，廢除不平等條約。11月13日，中山先生毅然抱病由廣州北上。由於長途勞累，他的肝病發作，到達北京時，病情急劇惡化已是生命垂危。臨終之前，他立下了《國事》、《家事》、《致蘇聯政府》三個遺囑;彌留之際，他仍支撐精神掙扎著留下“和平……奮鬥……救中國 ”的遺言。
1920_年3月12日上午9時10分，孫中山先生在北京與世長辭。19日中山先生的靈櫬停放在中央公園(現中山公園)，社會各界隆重公祭後，於4月2日靈櫬移至香山碧雲寺金剛寶座塔石券門內暫厝。1920_年5月，南京中山陵落成。5月22日，宋慶齡及親屬、醫、衛，在這裡為中山先生斂服，復大斂於待奉移之銅棺，將更換出的中山先生的衣帽，放回原斂之楠木棺中，封入金剛寶座塔石塔內。在碧雲寺普明妙覺殿(現紀念堂)設靈堂，舉行了莊重的靈櫬奉移典禮。5月26日移靈南下，6月1日，中山先生的遺體於南京中山陵奉安禮成。為紀念中山先生遺體暫厝之地，時“國民政府”在普明妙覺殿立“總理紀念堂”，在金剛寶座塔石券門石塔立“總理衣冠冢”。新中國成立以後，人民政府重修碧雲寺後覆命名為“孫中山紀念堂”(宋慶齡題寫)和“孫中山先生衣冠冢”，以為後人瞻仰。
為人類社會進步作出貢獻的人永遠會活在人們的心中;而一切逆歷史潮流的人都沒有好下場，正如中山先生題詞的那樣“世界潮流浩浩蕩蕩，順之則昌，逆之則亡。”我們希望祖國早日統一，實現中華民族的偉大復興，以慰籍中山先生的赤膽忠心!
卓錫泉
碧雲寺卓錫泉是香山北源之水。卓錫泉在明代就很有名了。《長安客話》載:“水自寺後，石巖出，噴薄入小渠，人以卓錫明之。”卓錫泉得名傳說是一得道高僧，口渴至極，用帶錫制小環的禪杖，一卓(卓即點選的意思)底下的石頭，石頭間湧出清泉，故名。有詩“跟深連地脈，溜曲繞珠寺”真切地描述了泉水折流寺院的情景。卓錫泉水點綴了“天水一色”，流入“能仁寂照”金魚池，出碧雲寺至眼鏡湖西坡上，小部分流如眼鏡湖，主流到見心齋，經昭廟方河，繞土山到勤政殿遺址後到月牙河，流入園外。
親愛的遊客朋友們，現在我們乘坐的是巴士四號汽車前往北京，觀賞世界歷史文化遺產之一——長城。很榮幸成為大家的導遊。如果有什麼問題，可以請教我。大家下車後一定要記住我們的車牌號，按規定時間返回。祝大家旅行愉快。
現在我先給大家介紹一下長城吧!長城是修築在陡峭的山嶺之間，它從東頭的山海關一直修築到西頭的嘉峪關，全長共有一萬三千多公里。它是中華人民力量和智慧的結晶，它是中華民族即將騰飛的巨龍的象徵。遊客們，我們的車已經停到八達嶺上了。請看正前面有一塊(兒)石碑，上面有八達嶺幾個紅字，大家可以把它拍下來，做為一個到八達嶺的留念。
遊客們，我們來到了長城的腳下。請大家低頭看看腳下，它是由一塊塊灰色的巨磚砌成的，十分平整，五六匹馬也可以並行。讓我們抬起頭來，長城就像蜿蜒的巨龍臥在連綿起伏的崇山峻嶺之間雄偉壯觀。八達嶺長城共有六個烽火臺。烽火臺共有三個門，其中中間一個最大，它的上面有許多小方塊圍成的一個正方形。古代時，在那裡點火，表示那裡有危險。這些烽火臺可以在兩至三個小時之間將情報傳到數千裡以外的地方。烽火臺分兩層，上層是眺望臺，下層是士兵吃飯和睡覺的地方，可見烽火臺在當時的軍事中著多麼重要的作用啊!
遊客們，再往下走我們就到“好漢坡”了，“好漢坡”是指只有好漢才能登上的險坡，是八達嶺的必經之路，讓我們go!
經過好漢坡，就到峰頂了。遊客們，當我們站在峰頂看看這前不見頭，後不見尾的巨龍的時候，真為我國古代勞動人民的無比智慧感到自豪和驕傲吧!
我們的長城之旅到此為止，希望大家有時間還來長城，也希望我的講解能給大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!
Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction
Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.
The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.
The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmenwere demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:
My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.
The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.
In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).
In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.
In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.
Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.
(outside the East Palace Gate)
Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.
(Inside the East Palace Gate)
Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.
Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.
(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)
Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.
The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.
(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.
Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.
(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)
We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.
Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)
We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese
gardening.
Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.
This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.
(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)
This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.
(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)
Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.
The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.
Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.
Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.
This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.
Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.
Dear ladies and gentlemen, children
hello everyone!
I'm Sheng Zexi, today's tour guide. You can call me Xiao Sheng. Today weare going to visit the temple of heaven, which is one of the world famouscultural heritages. Today, I'm very happy to enjoy its beautiful scenery andarchitecture with you, and have a good time together. I wish you all have a goodtime!.
The temple of heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and QingDynasties worship heaven. It was first built in 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle inMing Dynasty), and then after continuous expansion, it was built in Qianlongperiod of Qing Dynasty. Since its completion, it has been a special altar forthe emperor to worship heaven. It lasted for 490 years until the end of the 1911Revolution and the end of the feudal monarchy. It also completed its mission. Itwas turned into a park in 1918 and has been "visited by others" ever since. In1957, it was listed in the first batch of historical and cultural relicsprotection units in Beijing. In 1961, it was listed in the first batch ofnational key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.
The temple of Heaven Park, with an area of 2.05 million square meters, hasfour groups of ancient buildings: qigutan, yuanqiutan, zhaigong and Shenle
Building group, there are 92 ancient buildings, more than 600. It is thelargest and most complete ancient architecture group in the world. There aremore than 3500 ancient pines, cypresses and locusts in the temple of heaven,which are more than hundreds of years old. The temple of heaven is not only thealtar of ancient Chinese emperors, but also the crystallization of China's longculture of offering sacrifices to heaven. Its magnificent architecture, greenancient trees and rich cultural relics collection record not only theexpectation and hope of ancient Chinese ancestors, but also the wisdom,fatalness and decay of feudal emperors.
Dear tourists, our tour today is coming to an end. I'm very happy to spendthis wonderful time with you. If you are not satisfied with my tour guide today,please criticize and correct me. Thank you!
he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.
Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent
Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.
The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.
There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.
The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).
The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.
The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.
The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.
The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.
The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.
On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.
Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.
Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.
Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.
Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.
Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.
The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.
Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.
Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.
The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.
Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.
Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.
According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.
The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.
The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.
In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.
Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.
Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.
Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.
Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin Dynasty.It officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guang'anmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of today's old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 years.After the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.
The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural scenery.Here are the world's wonders of the Great Wall, the world's most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.
Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?
What's the weather like in Beijing?
Beijing's cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. What'sthe wind blowing in winter? What's the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round
You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. It's neither cold nor hot. It's an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. It's a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; it's a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.
I'd like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is Tianyun.After you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but don't call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdon't add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager Cixi.Eunuch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. What's the specialsignificance of this day? My mother's birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizu's birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I can't be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that I'm not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesn't matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyone's activities in Beijing these days.
In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National People's Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Let's give him some applause first!
Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.
People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they won't be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "Kao! It's really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, it's still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat it.The principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedon't have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. You'd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).
Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we haven't arranged to watch acrobatics. I'mvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from acrobatics.China's trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic Games.Chinese people can be proud to announce to the world that we can't do football,we can't do track and field, we can't do swimming pool, but we can't do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you don't go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.
The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xi'an to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddha's head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch people's heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch people's heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Can't get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!
Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of Beijing.Now let's briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.
Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing
Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.
The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / 3.There are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.
To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because it's expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although it's cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.
The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you don't go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.
Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year round.Now we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperor's harem three thousand, so many women we can't do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijing's tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.
So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called girl.Generally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I don't call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I don't care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I don't call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.
This is Beijing's address, Tianjin's address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she won't call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your father's ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your father's younger brother is not uncle. In a word, it'sbasically shouting. That's what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for holidays.Tianjin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.
The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is Sanyuanqiao.It takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International Airport.Expressway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.
Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis "three yuan"? The imperial examination system is called "three yuan". Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong Sanyuan.Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called children's examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is "Jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of rites.The examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is "Huiyuan"; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the examination.The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.
北京故宮導遊詞
親愛的遊客們，我是你們的導遊，我姓張，能夠叫我小張，也能夠叫我張導。請不要在牆上、古代物品上刻畫，也不要亂扔垃圾哦!
故宮位於北京市中心，舊稱紫禁城。它是明代和清代的皇宮，也是世界現存最大、最完整的古代建築群，被譽為五大宮之首。
故宮開始建造於明永樂四年至十八年，也就是公元1406年至1420年。
你們看!故宮的四個漂亮的大門，我來告訴你它們的名字吧!正門名為午門，俗稱五鳳樓。午門一般只有皇帝才能夠出入呢!狀元、榜眼和探花的人只能夠從此門出入一次。後門“神武門”，明朝為“玄武門”，因為玄武是古代四神獸之一。清代康熙年間因避諱改為“神武門”。“東華門”與“西華門”是個“對門”門外設有下馬碑石，門內金水河南北流向，上架石橋一座，橋北還有三座門。
快點兒，快點兒，快點兒去太和門吧!太和門裡有三座大殿，分別是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，你們自己去看看吧!二十分鐘之後記得回來找我哦!
看!那兒是內廷，內廷就是皇帝、皇后和妃子們生活的地方。快去看看吧!因為內廷比較長，所以拿著你們手中的地圖，三十分鐘後我們在御花園裡碰面哦!
御花園裡鳥語花香，草木茂盛。各位家長注意孩子的安全，不要讓他們爬假山。還有不要折鮮花和小草哦!
哦，我們到出口了。好了，我們這次的故宮遊玩到此結束了。如果下次還想來北京故宮要記得找我哦!在回家的路上要注意安全哦!
各位朋友：此刻呢，我們來到了天安門廣場，我先為大家做一個簡單的介紹，天安門廣場是目前世界上最大的城市中心廣場，它位於北京市區的中心.天安門廣場呈長方形，南北長880米，東西寬500米，總面積44萬平方米。如果人們肩並肩地站在廣場上，整個廣場可容納100萬人，就是說全北京總人口的1/13都能夠同時站在那裡，夠大的吧!
在明清時期廣場可沒有這麼大，當時它呈“T”字形，“T”字的那一橫就是我們這天的長安街，那一豎就是從此刻的國旗杆前至毛主席紀念堂前的這一長條形區域，在這一區域的兩側是按文東武西的格局分佈著當時政府機關。解放後，原先廣場兩側的建築被拆除，從而構成了這天廣場的基本格局。
在天安門廣場的四周，有很多著名的建築，此刻我為大家以順時針方向做一個簡單介紹，就讓我們以廣場西側的人民大會堂開始吧!人民大會堂位於天安門廣場西側，是全國人民代表參政、議政、舉行重大會議，當家作主行使主權的地方，建成於1959年，最高處46.5米，是此刻廣場上的最高建築。整個大會堂由三部分組成，南部為人大常委會辦公樓，中部為萬人大會堂，北端是國宴大廳，整座建築自設計到完工只用了10個月，是我國建築史上的一個奇蹟。
在廣場的北端是大家都很熟悉的天安門城樓，它是新中國的象徵，就是在天安門城樓上，1949年10月1日毛主席向全世界人民莊嚴宣告，“中華人民共和國成立了!中國人民從此站起來了!”：
廣場的東側矗立著中國歷史博物館及中國革命博物館，完工於1959年，那裡是收藏並展覽中國古代、近代歷史文物及革命文物的主要場所。
在人民英雄紀念碑的南面是毛主席紀念堂，原先在那裡曾有一座門，明代叫大明門，清代叫大清門，民國時又改為中華門，解放後拆除，1976年毛主席逝世後在其基址上建起了莊嚴肅穆的毛主席紀念堂。紀念堂建成於1977年，是為紀念偉大領袖毛主席而建，此刻毛主席的遺體安然地躺在水晶棺中，供人們憑弔、瞻仰、表達深深的敬意。
廣場的正中，巍巍聳立著中國第一碑——人民英雄紀念碑，它是為了紀念那些自1840年鴉片戰爭至1949年中華人民共和國成立這一百多年來為中華民族的獨立及自由而拋頭顱、灑熱血的人民英雄們而建。整座紀念碑高37.94米，座落在雙層基座之上，碑座四周鑲嵌有八幅漢白玉浮雕，反映了中國近百年革命歷史。紀念碑的背面是毛主席起草，周總理手書的碑文，正面是毛主席親筆題寫的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八個鎦金大字。
天安門廣場是中國近代革命的見證人，反帝反封建的五四運動、三˙一八慘案、一二˙九都發生在那裡。天安門廣場也是新中國誕生的見證人，更是這天人民幸福生活的見證人。此刻，它已被全國人民評為“中國第一景”，每一天都有來自海內外的朋友們到此參觀遊覽。
好!不多說啦!各位必須想在那裡照幾張相吧此刻就請各位自由拍照，10分鐘後我們在北面國旗杆處集合，謝謝大家!
Beijing botanical garden is a collection of science, scientific research,travel and other functions in one comprehensive botanical garden, nationalemphasis construction is one of the botanical garden.
The Beijing Botanic Garden in Haidian District Fragrant Hill Park and theYuquan mountains (West hills near Wat Chayamangkalaram), approved by the StateCouncil in 1956, is a collection of scientific research, plant plant knowledgepopularization, visit the rest, germplasm preservation and promotion, new plantsand other functions as one of the large-scale comprehensive botanical garden.The planning area of 400 hectares, is now completed and open for tours by theplant area of 200 hectares, exhibition areas, places of historic interest andscenic beauty, research areas and nature reserves. The introduction andcultivation of plants more than 10000 species (including varieties ) in 1500000strains of. Covers an area of 900 acres. Collection of plants more than 3000species, is currently China's largest botanical garden in North, is specializedin plant introduction and acclimatization of theoretical study and experimentalresearch base. The whole garden plant exhibition greenhouse as the center, atotal of 13 galleries, planted with more than 1500 kinds of tropical andsubtropical plants, including stone flower, a tree, dance orchid plant.
Beijing botanical garden by plant exhibition area, places of historicinterest and scenic beauty cultural landscape, natural protection area and areaof scientific research.
Plant exhibition area including ornamental plants area ( Park ), arboretum,bonsai garden, greenhouse flower district. Ornamental plants area from peonygarden, rose garden, green peach, lilac Institute, Begonia Park, bonsai garden,lily magnolia garden, a garden show ( bamboo ), perennial flowers, peony gardenand park is being developed in the garden, the park consists of 11; by pine andcypress, ginkgo trees Garden District Maple rose area, linden willow, MagnoliaBerberis zone and sycamore, ash area consists of Quercus acutissima area ofpaulownia. Places of historic interest and scenic beauty resort by WatChayamangkalaram, Cherry Valley, the Longjiao temple ruins, " December 9th "memorial Pavilion, the tomb of Liang Qichao village, Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall.The introduction and cultivation of plants more than 56 lines, more than 5000,900000 square metre grassed. There are scientific research building, sciencemuseum. Wat Chayamangkalaram was built in the Tang Dynasty, is a nationalheritage conservation units, protecting and displaying the world rare YuanDynasty bronze Shakya Muni lying like Cherry Valley, dense forest, is in theplanning of nature reserve. Cao Xueqin Memorial Exhibition of Cao Xueqin's lifeand in the Western Hills. " A dream of Red Mansions " scene.
Beijing botanical garden is the Beijing Municipal Gardens Bureau designatedpriority of the new plant introduction, domestication, breeding base. TheBeijing botanical garden has begun to take shape, are playing a more and moreimportant social benefit and environmental benefit, more and more people'sfavorite.
20___ January Beijing botanical garden was named the first national AAAAgrade scenic spot, in 20___ March through the ISO9000 quality management systemand ISO14000 environmental management system certification and certified thefirst batch of fine park, 20___ in the capital of civilization industry madeoutstanding achievements appraisal. The garden is beautiful environment, goodorder, quality services and excellent culture to meet guests at home andabroad.
Beijing Botanical Garden ( referred to as South Park) with various plant3000 a variety of, visit the main point is the greenhouse exhibition area, thereare 13 pavilions, 1500 kinds of plants. The tropical plants accounted for 1000 avariety of, palm plants, tropical aquatic plants, succulents, Victoria roomroom, medicinal plant room, industrial raw materials plant, orchid plants,aromatic plants, tropical fruit and citrus plants. The arboretum occupies anarea of 70000 square meters, is China's rare silver fir trees, and SequoiaAmerica, Sri Lanka's Bodhi tree. There is also a special type of garden and thenational herbarium.
Beijing botanical garden exhibition greenhouse built in March 28, 1998January 1, 20___, began to receive visitors, the exhibition greenhouseconstruction area of 9800 square meters, covers an area of 5.5 hectares, is thelargest in Asia, the world 's largest single greenhouse area of exhibitiongreenhouse of Kunming World Expo, the area ratio of the greenhouse is twice asbig as the Chinese history of architecture, the big.
Greenhouse into tropical rainforest room, desert plant room, orchid,pineapple and carnivorous plant rooms and four seasons garden show, tropical,subtropical plants more than 3100 species, show perspective, strangulation,root, old cauliflorous, strange phenomenon. Exhibition greenhouse for plantscience education base, and protection of plant resources and scientificresearch are the main places. As the city of Beijing internationalization citylandmark works, the exhibition hall of the greenhouse is increasingly playing agreat social benefits.
The exhibition greenhouse of Beijing botanical garden is the 50 anniversaryof the founding of Beijing city to meet key project, botanical garden is locatedin the road on the west side, the building area of 17000 square meters, coversan area of 5.5 hectares, 260000000 yuan investment. Exhibition greenhousebuilding designed by the Beijing Architectural Design Research Institute isassumed, with " leaves to the root. " concept for the design theme, have greatoriginality to design the " roots " interwoven inclined glass ceiling, like aleaf falls in the foot of the West hills. Exhibition exhibition design byBeijing plant landscape design and Research Institute of ancient bear.Exhibition greenhouse underground foundation in 1998 3 at the end of the monthto start construction, the main steel structure and glass curtain wall will bein 1999 May completed, on 1 January 20___ open to the outside world. Exhibitiongreenhouse is divided into four main sections: the tropical rain forest, desertplant zone, four seasons garden and special plant room. Display plants 3100species more than 60000 lines, for the masses to provide rich and colorfulornamental plant landscape, learning scientific knowledge, have a higher gradeof tourist attractions. At the same time, it is the horticultural research andinternational exchanges. Exhibition greenhouse project won the Tenth NationalExcellent Project Design Gold Award, 20___ annual national high quality projectsilver medal, Beijing City tenth first prize of excellent design, " large-scaleexhibition greenhouse plant introduction and design of the scientific andtechnological progress in Beijing city " project won the two prize, was namedBeijing City ninety in the ten building.
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